我在 Debian 7 上添加了以下脚本/etc/init.d/rc3.d，但它在我的计算机上不起作用
#! /bin/sh
# . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions # uncomment/modify for your killproc
case "$1" in
start)
echo "Starting noip2."
/usr/local/bin/noip2
;;
stop)
echo -n "Shutting down noip2."
killproc -TERM /usr/local/bin/noip2
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
如何noip2在机器启动时自动运行守护进程？
这是源文件夹中的完整文档noip2：
This file describes noip2, a second-generation Linux client for the
no-ip.com dynamic DNS service.
NEW: This code will build and run on Solaris/Intel and BSD also.
Edit the Makefile for Solaris and the various BSDs.
For BSD users wanting to use a tun interface, see below.
Let me know about any other changes needed for noip2 to
operate correctly on your non-Linux OS.
Mac OS X is a BSD variant.
Please read this short file before using noip2.
###########################################################################
HOW TO BUILD AN EXECUTABLE FOR YOUR SYSTEM
The command
make
will build a binary of the noip2 client that will run on your system.
If you do not have 'make' installed and you have an i686 Linux machine
with libc6, a binary for i686 systems is located in the binaries
directory called noip2-Linux. Copy that binary to the build directory
'cp binaries/noip2-Linux noip2'
The command
make install
(which must be run as root) will install the various pieces to their appropriate places. This will ask questions and build a configuration
data file.
See below if you can't become root or can't write in /usr/local/*.
###########################################################################
HOW TO USE THE CLIENT WITHOUT READING THE REST OF THIS TEXT
Usual operation?
/usr/local/bin/noip2 -C configure a client
/usr/local/bin/noip2 run a client
/usr/local/bin/noip2 -S display info about running clients
/usr/local/bin/noip2 -D pid toggle the debug state for client pid
/usr/local/bin/noip2 -K pid terminate client pid
Have more than one internet access device?
/usr/local/bin/noip2 -M -c file start additional instances
###########################################################################
HOW TO START THE CLIENT
The noip2 executable can be run by typing /usr/local/bin/noip2
If you want it to run automatically when the machine is booted, then
place the following script in your startup directory. (/etc/init.d/rcX.d
or /sbin/init.d/rcX.d or ???)
#######################################################
#! /bin/sh
# . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions # uncomment/modify for your killproc
case "$1" in
start)
echo "Starting noip2."
/usr/local/bin/noip2
;;
stop)
echo -n "Shutting down noip2."
killproc -TERM /usr/local/bin/noip2
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
#######################################################
Where the 'X' in rcX.d is the value obtained by running the
following command
grep initdefault /etc/inittab | awk -F: '{print $2}'
Killproc can be downloaded from ftp://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/init
Alternatively, you can uncomment the line after #! /bin/sh
If you have a recent RedHat version, you may want to use the startup script
supplied by another user. It's in this package called redhat.noip.sh
It may need some modification for your system.
There is a startup script for Debian called debian.noip2.sh.
It also has been supplied by another user and is rumored to fail in some situations.
Another user has supplied a proceedure to follow for MAc OS X auto startup.
It's called mac.osx.startup. Mac users may wish to read that file.
Here is a script which will kill all running copies of noip2.
#!/bin/sh
for i in `noip2 -S 2>&1 | grep Process | awk '{print $2}' | tr -d ','`
do
noip2 -K $i
done
These four lines can replace 'killproc' and 'stop_daemon' in the other scripts.
If you are behind a firewall, you will need to allow port 8245 (TCP) through in both directions.
#######################################################################
IMPORTANT!! Please set the permissions correctly on your executable.
If you start noip2 using one of the above methods, do the following:
chmod 700 /usr/local/bin/noip2
chown root:root /usr/local/bin/noip2
If you start noip2 manually from a non-root account, do the chmod 700 as
above but chown the executable to the owner:group of the non-root account, and
you will need to substitute your new path if the executable is not in
/usr/local/bin.
###########################################################################
SAVED STATE
Noip2 will save the last IP address that was set at no-ip.com when it ends.
This setting will be read back in the next time noip2 is started. The
configuration data file must be writable for this to happen! Nothing
happens if it isn't, the starting 0.0.0.0 address is left unchanged.
If noip2 is started as root it will change to user 'nobody', group
'nobody'. Therefore the file must be writeable by user 'nobody' or
group 'nobody' in this case!
###########################################################################
BSD USING A TUN DEVICE
Recent BSD systems will use getifaddrs() to list ALL interfaces. Set the
'bsd_wth_getifaddrs' define in the Makefile if using a version of BSD
which supports getifaddrs() and ignore the rest of this paragraph.
Mac OS X users should have a versdion of BSD which supports getifaddrs().
Otherwise set the 'bsd' define.
The 'bsd' setting will not list the tun devices in BSD. Therefore a tun
device cannot be selected from the menu. If you want to use a tun device
you will need to edit the Makefile and change the line
${BINDIR}/${TGT} -C -Y -c /tmp/no-ip2.conf
to
${BINDIR}/${TGT} -C -Y -c /tmp/no-ip2.conf -I 'your tun device'
COMMAND LINE ARGUMENTS WHEN INVOKING THE CLIENT
The client will put itself in the background and run as a daemon. This
means if you invoke it multiple times, and supply the multiple-use flag,
you will have multiple instances running.
If you want the client to run once and exit, supply the '-i IPaddress'
argument. The client will behave well if left active all the time even on
intermittent dialup connections; it uses very few resources.
The actions of the client are controlled by a configuration data file. It is usually located in /usr/local/etc/no-ip2.conf, but may be placed anywhere if
the '-c new_location' parameter is passed on the startup line.
The configuration data file can be generated with the '-C' parameter.
There are some new command line arguments dealing with default values in the configuration data file. They are -F, -Y and -U.
The interval between successive testing for a changed IP address is controlled
the '-U nn' parameter. The number is minutes, a minimum of 1 is enforced
by the client when running on the firewall machine, 5 when running behind
a router/firewall. A usual value for clients behind a firewall is 30.
One day is 1440, one week is 10080, one month is 40320, 41760, 43200 or 44640.
One hour is left as an exercise for the reader :-)
The configuration builder code will allow selection among the hosts/groups
registered at no-ip.com for the selected user. The '-Y' parameter will
cause all the hosts/groups to be selected for update.
Some sites have multiple connections to the internet. These sites confuse
the auto NAT detection. The '-F' parameter will force the non-NAT
or "firewall" setting.
The client can be invoked with the '-i IPaddress' parameter which will force
the setting of that address at no-ip.com. The client will run once and exit.
The -I parameter can be used to override the device name in the configuration
data file or to force the supplied name into the configuration data file while
it is being created. Please use this as a last resort!
The '-S' parameter is used to display the data associated with any running
copies of noip2. If nothing is running, it will display the
contents of the configuration data file that is selected. It will then exit.
The '-K process_ID' parameter is used to terminate a running copy of noip2.
The process_ID value can be obtained by running noip2 -S.
The '-M' parameter will permit multiple running copies of the noip2 client.
Each must have it's own configuration file. Up to 4 copies may run simultaneously.
All errors and informational messages are stored via the syslog facility.
A line indicating a successful address change at no-ip.com is always written to the syslog. The syslog is usually /var/log/messages.
If the client has been built with debugging enabled, the usual state, the '-d'
parameter will activate the debug output. This will produce a trace of the
running program and should help if you are having problems getting the
connection to no-ip.com established. All errors, messages and I/O in both
directions will be displayed on the stderr instead of syslog.
The additional '-D pid' parameter will toggle the debug state of a running
noip2 process. This will not change where the output of the process is
appearing; if it was going to the syslog, it will still be going to the syslog.
One final invocation parameter is '-h'. This displays the help screen as shown below and ends.
USAGE: noip2 [ -C [ -F][ -Y][ -U #min]][ -c file]
[ -d][ -D pid][ -i addr][ -S][ -M][ -h]
Version Linux-2.x.x
Options: -C create configuration data
-F force NAT off
-Y select all hosts/groups
-U minutes set update interval
-c config_file use alternate data path
-d increase debug verbosity
-D processID toggle debug flag for PID
-i IPaddress use supplied address
-I interface use supplied interface
-S show configuration data
-M permit multiple instances
-K processID terminate instance PID
-h help (this text)
###########################################################################
HOW TO CONFIGURE THE CLIENT
The command
noip2 -C
will create configuration data in the /usr/local/etc directory.
It will be stored in a file called no-ip2.conf.
If you can't write in /usr/local/*, or are unable to become root on
the machine on which you wish to run noip2, you will need to include
the '-c config_file_name' on every invocation of the client, including
the creation of the datafile. Also, you will probably need to put the
executable somewhere you can write to. Change the PREFIX= line in the
Makefile to your new path and re-run make install to avoid these problems.
You will need to re-create the datafile whenever your account or password
changes or when you add or delete hosts and/or groups at www.no-ip.com
Each invocation of noip2 with '-C' will destroy the previous datafile.
Other options that can be used here include '-F' '-Y' -U'
You will be asked if you want to run a program/script upon successful update
at no-ip.com. If you specify a script, it should start with #!/bin/sh or
your shell of choice. If it doesn't, you will get the 'Exec format error'
error. The IP address that has just been set successfully will be delivered
as the first argument to the script/program. The host/group name will be delivered as the second argument.
Some machines have multiple network connections. In this case, you will be prompted to select the device which connects to outside world. The -I flag can be supplied to select an interface which is not shown. Typically, this would be one of the pppx interfaces which do not exist until they are active.
The code will prompt for the username/email used as an account identifier at no-ip.com. It will also prompt for the password for that account.
The configuration data contains no user-serviceable parts!!
IMPORTANT!! Please set the permissions correctly on the configuration data.
chmod 600 /usr/local/etc/no-ip2.conf.
chown root:root /usr/local/etc/no-ip2.conf.
If you start noip2 manually from a non-root account, do the chmod as above but chown the no-ip2.conf file to the owner:group of the non-root account. Make sure the directory is readable!
The program will drop root privileges after acquiring the configuration data file.
debian 的示例初始化脚本：
#! /bin/sh
# /etc/init.d/noip2.sh
# Supplied by no-ip.com
# Modified for Debian GNU/Linux by Eivind L. Rygge <[email protected]>
# corrected 1-17-2004 by Alex Docauer <[email protected]>
# . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions # uncomment/modify for your killproc
DAEMON=/usr/local/bin/noip2
NAME=noip2
test -x $DAEMON || exit 0
case "$1" in
start)
echo -n "Starting dynamic address update: "
start-stop-daemon --start --exec $DAEMON
echo "noip2."
;;
stop)
echo -n "Shutting down dynamic address update:"
start-stop-daemon --stop --oknodo --retry 30 --exec $DAEMON
echo "noip2."
;;
restart)
echo -n "Restarting dynamic address update: "
start-stop-daemon --stop --oknodo --retry 30 --exec $DAEMON
start-stop-daemon --start --exec $DAEMON
echo "noip2."
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|force-reload}"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
答案1
两个步骤就可以解决这个问题。您的脚本 ( /etc/init.d/noip2) 应如下所示：
#! /bin/sh
# /etc/init.d/noip2
# Supplied by no-ip.com
# Modified for Debian GNU/Linux by Eivind L. Rygge <[email protected]>
# Updated by David Courtney to not use pidfile 130130 for Debian 6.
# Updated again by David Courtney to "LSBize" the script for Debian 7.
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: noip2
# Required-Start: networking
# Required-Stop:
# Should-Start:
# Should-Stop:
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: Start noip2 at boot time
# Description: Start noip2 at boot time
### END INIT INFO
# . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions # uncomment/modify for your killproc
DAEMON=/usr/local/bin/noip2
NAME=noip2
test -x $DAEMON || exit 0
case "$1" in
start)
echo -n "Starting dynamic address update: "
start-stop-daemon --start --exec $DAEMON
echo "noip2."
;;
stop)
echo -n "Shutting down dynamic address update:"
start-stop-daemon --stop --oknodo --retry 30 --exec $DAEMON
echo "noip2."
;;
restart)
echo -n "Restarting dynamic address update: "
start-stop-daemon --stop --oknodo --retry 30 --exec $DAEMON
start-stop-daemon --start --exec $DAEMON
echo "noip2."
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
然后使其可执行，即运行
# chmod a+x /etc/init.d/noip2
# update-rc.d noip2 defaults
答案2
这是一种更直接的方法来解决这个问题......
我们正在尝试模仿您发出此命令的常规用户帐户（假设您遵循 No-IP 的推荐设置说明）...
sudo noip2
您的普通用户帐户（而不是超级用户）需要发出此命令的原因是因为您的普通用户帐户有一些特定于非 IP 的内容，在发出此命令时需要访问这些内容。因此，为了在启动时以具有提升权限的常规用户帐户模拟发出上述命令，请执行以下操作...
通过发出此命令来编辑超级用户的 crontab...
sudo crontab -e (choose your favorite text editor if prompted)
在文件底部添加这一行...
@reboot su -l <regular account username> && sudo noip2
保存文件并重新启动系统。你会发现noip2已经正常启动了。