我的 FTP 服务器出了问题。除了 Safari，每个浏览器/客户端都可以连接到它。客户端发出 RETR 命令后，Safari 会话冻结，然后发出“425 无法建立连接”错误。
我知道可以从 safari 连接到 ftp（可以从 safari 访问 1and1 ftp 服务器）但我不知道我错过了什么或者为什么它不起作用。
你有什么主意吗？
谢谢！
Safari 会话：
Thu Nov 20 14:42:35 2014 [pid 8558] FTP command: Client "62.2.114.180", "USER proxy"
Thu Nov 20 14:42:35 2014 [pid 8558] [proxy] FTP response: Client "62.2.114.180", "331 Please specify the password."
Thu Nov 20 14:42:35 2014 [pid 8558] [proxy] FTP command: Client "62.2.114.180", "PASS <password>"
Thu Nov 20 14:42:35 2014 [pid 8557] [proxy] OK LOGIN: Client "62.2.114.180"
Thu Nov 20 14:42:35 2014 [pid 8559] [proxy] FTP response: Client "62.2.114.180", "230 Login successful."
Thu Nov 20 14:42:36 2014 [pid 8559] [proxy] FTP command: Client "62.2.114.180", "SYST"
Thu Nov 20 14:42:36 2014 [pid 8559] [proxy] FTP response: Client "62.2.114.180", "215 UNIX Type: L8"
Thu Nov 20 14:42:36 2014 [pid 8559] [proxy] FTP command: Client "62.2.114.180", "PWD"
Thu Nov 20 14:42:36 2014 [pid 8559] [proxy] FTP response: Client "62.2.114.180", "257 "/""
Thu Nov 20 14:42:36 2014 [pid 8559] [proxy] FTP command: Client "62.2.114.180", "TYPE I"
Thu Nov 20 14:42:36 2014 [pid 8559] [proxy] FTP response: Client "62.2.114.180", "200 Switching to Binary mode."
Thu Nov 20 14:42:36 2014 [pid 8559] [proxy] FTP command: Client "62.2.114.180", "CWD /"
Thu Nov 20 14:42:36 2014 [pid 8559] [proxy] FTP response: Client "62.2.114.180", "250 Directory successfully changed."
Thu Nov 20 14:42:36 2014 [pid 8559] [proxy] FTP command: Client "62.2.114.180", "PASV"
Thu Nov 20 14:42:36 2014 [pid 8559] [proxy] FTP response: Client "62.2.114.180", "227 Entering Passive Mode (172,30,0,248,228,76)."
Thu Nov 20 14:42:36 2014 [pid 8559] [proxy] FTP command: Client "62.2.114.180", "SIZE r.html"
Thu Nov 20 14:42:36 2014 [pid 8559] [proxy] FTP response: Client "62.2.114.180", "213 173"
Thu Nov 20 14:42:36 2014 [pid 8559] [proxy] FTP command: Client "62.2.114.180", "RETR /r.html"
Thu Nov 20 14:43:36 2014 [pid 8559] [proxy] FTP response: Client "62.2.114.180", "425 Failed to establish connection."
Thu Nov 20 14:43:36 2014 [pid 8559] [proxy] FAIL DOWNLOAD: Client "62.2.114.180", "/r.html", 0.00Kbyte/sec
Thu Nov 20 14:43:36 2014 [pid 8559] [proxy] FTP command: Client "62.2.114.180", "CWD /"
Thu Nov 20 14:43:36 2014 [pid 8559] [proxy] FTP response: Client "62.2.114.180", "250 Directory successfully changed."
Thu Nov 20 14:43:37 2014 [pid 8559] [proxy] FTP command: Client "62.2.114.180", "PASV"
Thu Nov 20 14:43:37 2014 [pid 8559] [proxy] FTP response: Client "62.2.114.180", "227 Entering Passive Mode (172,30,0,248,228,101)."
Thu Nov 20 14:43:37 2014 [pid 8559] [proxy] FTP command: Client "62.2.114.180", "SIZE r.html"
Thu Nov 20 14:43:37 2014 [pid 8559] [proxy] FTP response: Client "62.2.114.180", "213 173"
Thu Nov 20 14:43:37 2014 [pid 8559] [proxy] FTP command: Client "62.2.114.180", "RETR /r.html"
Thu Nov 20 14:44:37 2014 [pid 8559] [proxy] FTP response: Client "62.2.114.180", "425 Failed to establish connection."
Thu Nov 20 14:44:37 2014 [pid 8559] [proxy] FAIL DOWNLOAD: Client "62.2.114.180", "/r.html", 0.00Kbyte/sec
正如我之前所说，它可以在其他浏览器（移动和桌面）和 FTP 客户端上按预期运行。例如 Chrome：
Thu Nov 20 14:38:05 2014 [pid 8523] FTP command: Client "62.2.114.180", "USER proxy"
Thu Nov 20 14:38:05 2014 [pid 8523] [proxy] FTP response: Client "62.2.114.180", "331 Please specify the password."
Thu Nov 20 14:38:05 2014 [pid 8523] [proxy] FTP command: Client "62.2.114.180", "PASS <password>"
Thu Nov 20 14:38:05 2014 [pid 8522] [proxy] OK LOGIN: Client "62.2.114.180"
Thu Nov 20 14:38:05 2014 [pid 8526] [proxy] FTP response: Client "62.2.114.180", "230 Login successful."
Thu Nov 20 14:38:05 2014 [pid 8526] [proxy] FTP command: Client "62.2.114.180", "SYST"
Thu Nov 20 14:38:05 2014 [pid 8526] [proxy] FTP response: Client "62.2.114.180", "215 UNIX Type: L8"
Thu Nov 20 14:38:05 2014 [pid 8526] [proxy] FTP command: Client "62.2.114.180", "PWD"
Thu Nov 20 14:38:05 2014 [pid 8526] [proxy] FTP response: Client "62.2.114.180", "257 "/""
Thu Nov 20 14:38:06 2014 [pid 8526] [proxy] FTP command: Client "62.2.114.180", "TYPE I"
Thu Nov 20 14:38:06 2014 [pid 8526] [proxy] FTP response: Client "62.2.114.180", "200 Switching to Binary mode."
Thu Nov 20 14:38:06 2014 [pid 8526] [proxy] FTP command: Client "62.2.114.180", "PASV"
Thu Nov 20 14:38:06 2014 [pid 8526] [proxy] FTP response: Client "62.2.114.180", "227 Entering Passive Mode (172,30,0,248,227,196)."
Thu Nov 20 14:38:06 2014 [pid 8526] [proxy] FTP command: Client "62.2.114.180", "SIZE /s.html"
Thu Nov 20 14:38:06 2014 [pid 8526] [proxy] FTP response: Client "62.2.114.180", "213 180"
Thu Nov 20 14:38:06 2014 [pid 8526] [proxy] FTP command: Client "62.2.114.180", "CWD /s.html"
Thu Nov 20 14:38:06 2014 [pid 8526] [proxy] FTP response: Client "62.2.114.180", "550 Failed to change directory."
Thu Nov 20 14:38:06 2014 [pid 8526] [proxy] FTP command: Client "62.2.114.180", "PASV"
Thu Nov 20 14:38:06 2014 [pid 8526] [proxy] FTP response: Client "62.2.114.180", "227 Entering Passive Mode (172,30,0,248,228,14)."
Thu Nov 20 14:38:06 2014 [pid 8526] [proxy] FTP command: Client "62.2.114.180", "RETR /s.html"
Thu Nov 20 14:38:06 2014 [pid 8526] [proxy] FTP response: Client "62.2.114.180", "150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for /s.html (180 bytes)."
Thu Nov 20 14:38:07 2014 [pid 8526] [proxy] OK DOWNLOAD: Client "62.2.114.180", "/s.html", 180 bytes, 1.39Kbyte/sec
Thu Nov 20 14:38:07 2014 [pid 8526] [proxy] FTP response: Client "62.2.114.180", "226 Transfer complete."
Thu Nov 20 14:38:07 2014 [pid 8526] [proxy] FTP command: Client "62.2.114.180", "QUIT"
Thu Nov 20 14:38:07 2014 [pid 8526] [proxy] FTP response: Client "62.2.114.180", "221 Goodbye."
我正在使用 vsftpd，我的配置是：
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
#
# Run standalone? vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=YES
#
# Run standalone with IPv6?
# Like the listen parameter, except vsftpd will listen on an IPv6 socket
# instead of an IPv4 one. This parameter and the listen parameter are mutually
# exclusive.
#listen_ipv6=YES
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default)
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
# local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
# write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=NO
#
# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
# in your local time zone. The default is to display GMT. The
# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
# option.
use_localtime=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
#xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
# ftpd_banner=Welcome!
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories. See the FAQ for
# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
#chroot_local_user=YES
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# Customization
#
# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by
# default.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty. Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=vsftpd.virtual
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
# This option specifies the location of the RSA key to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
force_local_data_ssl=NO
force_local_logins_ssl=NO
ssl_enable=NO
check_shell=NO
chmod_enable=NO
dirlist_enable=YES
guest_enable=YES
no_anon_password=NO
pasv_enable=YES
pasv_promiscuous=NO
pasv_max_port=58500
pasv_min_port=58300
local_enable=YES
virtual_use_local_privs=YES
write_enable=NO
user_sub_token=$USER
chroot_local_user=YES
hide_ids=YES
guest_username=ftp
log_ftp_protocol=YES
答案1
... "62.2.114.180", "227 进入被动模式 (172,30,0,248,228,14)。
您的服务器似乎有一个私有 IP，而您的客户端有一个公共 IP。据此，我假设您的服务器位于路由器后面的某个本地网络内，该路由器会将大多数端口转发到服务器，以便 FTP 数据连接正常工作（至少58300..58500，在您的配置中pasv_min_port是这样的）。pasv_max_port
但是，服务器仍然只知道其内部 IP 地址 172.30.0.248，并期望 FTP 客户端连接到此地址（在本例中为 172.30.0.248 端口 58382）。如果 FTP 客户端仅实现严格的 RFC959，它将尝试连接到此地址，并且当然会连接失败，因为无法从其站点访问该地址。其他 FTP 客户端可能会忽略响应中给出的 IP，PASV而是连接到服务器的 IP 地址。虽然这违反了标准，但它可以解决像您这样的情况，并且也可以更安全。
总结：您希望 FTP 客户端能够解决您站点上的配置问题。有些客户端能够解决，有些则不能。有关路由器后面 vsftp 的正确配置，请参见示例http://flukylogs.blogspot.de/2012/01/vsftpd-behind-routerfirewall.html（首先使用谷歌搜索）。