我在具有 4 个 IP 地址的 CentOS 6.6 Linux 服务器上托管了 2 个 Web 域（domain1.com 和 domain2.com）。
Postfix 2.6.6 接受邮件至[电子邮件保护]和[电子邮件保护]并转发至[电子邮件保护]和[电子邮件保护]。下面是配置文件的摘录：
/etc/postfix/main.cf
inet_interfaces = all
inet_protocols = ipv4
virtual_alias_domains = domain1.com domain2.com
virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual
smtp_generic_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/generic
/etc/postfix/虚拟
[email protected] [email protected]
[email protected] [email protected]
我的问题是，第一个人（我的父亲，他的生意从 1990 年开始在互联网上）收到了很多垃圾邮件。我使用 Spamassassin 拒绝这些邮件，但有些邮件仍然通过，当转发到[电子邮件保护]它们导致 Google 限制我的服务器：
DFC32800849 3412 1月30日星期五 11:40:38 [电子邮件保护] （主机 alt1.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.130.26] 说：421-4.7.0 [144.76.123.123 15] 我们的系统检测到来自您的 IP 地址的 421-4.7.0 未经请求的邮件发送率异常。为了保护我们的 421-4.7.0 用户免受垃圾邮件的侵扰，从您的 IP 地址发送的邮件已暂时受到 421-4.7.0 速率限制。请访问 421-4.7.0 http://www.google.com/mail/help/bulk_mail.html查看我们的 Bulk 421 4.7.0 电子邮件发件人指南。fl14si17784804pdb.81 - gsmtp（回复 DATA 命令的结束） [电子邮件保护]
这会影响第二个人，他将邮件发送给[电子邮件保护]经过长时间的拖延。
我的问题是是否可以配置 Postfix 以便它使用不同的 IP 地址（因为我的服务器有 4 个）来转发邮件？
谢谢您，以下是当前的“postconf -n”输出：
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
command_directory = /usr/sbin
config_directory = /etc/postfix
daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix
data_directory = /var/lib/postfix
debug_peer_level = 2
header_checks = pcre:/etc/postfix/header_checks
html_directory = no
inet_interfaces = all
inet_protocols = ipv4
mail_owner = postfix
mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix
manpage_directory = /usr/share/man
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost
myhostname = www.domain1.com
newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix
readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/README_FILES
sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/samples
sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix
setgid_group = postdrop
smtp_destination_concurrency_limit = 2
smtp_destination_rate_delay = 40s
smtp_generic_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/generic
unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550
virtual_alias_domains = domain1.com domain2.com
virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual
更新：
我已按照建议修改了配置文件不明确的（谢谢！）然后跑postmap /etc/postfix/transport——service postfix restart
/etc/mail/master.cf：
smtp unix - - n - - smtp
smtp-1 unix - - n - - smtp -o smtp_bind_address=my_ip_3
smtp-2 unix - - n - - smtp -o smtp_bind_address=my_ip_4
/etc/mail/transport：
[email protected] smtp-1:
[email protected] smtp-2:
不幸的是，我仍然看到老问题我的 IP 地址在已递送的邮件标头中。
我如何验证新的“传输”是否正在被使用？
以下是更改后的日志摘录：
Feb 7 14:56:50 www postfix/postsuper[14206]: Deleted: 92 messages
Feb 7 14:57:06 www postfix/anvil[14172]: statistics: max connection rate 1/60s for (smtp:37.233.142.116) at Feb 7 14:53:45
Feb 7 14:57:06 www postfix/anvil[14172]: statistics: max connection count 1 for (smtp:37.233.142.116) at Feb 7 14:53:45
Feb 7 14:57:06 www postfix/anvil[14172]: statistics: max cache size 1 at Feb 7 14:53:45
Feb 7 14:57:07 www postfix/smtp[14008]: warning: open active 6870A8007E8: No such file or directory
Feb 7 14:57:14 www postfix/smtpd[14213]: connect from mail-ie0-f171.google.com[209.85.223.171]
Feb 7 14:57:14 www postfix/smtpd[14216]: connect from unknown[213.179.214.207]
Feb 7 14:57:14 www postfix/smtpd[14213]: 3EBA0800187: client=mail-ie0-f171.google.com[209.85.223.171]
Feb 7 14:57:14 www postfix/cleanup[14218]: 3EBA0800187: message-id=<CAADeyWgtCh21w-_AbKaPrq_kj2A=YjRi7OXHyjjruL01MR6sqw@mail.gmail.com>
Feb 7 14:57:14 www postfix/qmgr[12668]: 3EBA0800187: from=<[email protected]>, size=1707, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Feb 7 14:57:14 www spamd[1856]: spamd: connection from localhost [127.0.0.1] at port 34152
Feb 7 14:57:14 www spamd[1856]: spamd: setuid to spam succeeded
Feb 7 14:57:14 www spamd[1856]: spamd: processing message <CAADeyWgtCh21w-_AbKaPrq_kj2A=YjRi7OXHyjjruL01MR6sqw@mail.gmail.com> for spam:502
Feb 7 14:57:14 www spamd[1856]: spamd: clean message (-1.9/5.0) for spam:502 in 0.0 seconds, 1670 bytes.
Feb 7 14:57:14 www spamd[1856]: spamd: result: . -1 - BAYES_00,FREEMAIL_FROM,HTML_MESSAGE,T_DKIM_INVALID scantime=0.0,size=1670,user=spam,uid=502,required_score=5.0,rhost=localhost,raddr=127.0.0.1,rport=34152,mid=<CAADeyWgtCh21w-_AbKaPrq_kj2A=YjRi7OXHyjjruL01MR6sqw@mail.gmail.com>,bayes=0.000000,autolearn=ham
Feb 7 14:57:14 www postfix/smtpd[14216]: 68890800246: client=unknown[213.179.214.207]
Feb 7 14:57:14 www postfix/pipe[14219]: 3EBA0800187: to=<[email protected]>, orig_to=<[email protected]>, relay=spamassassin, delay=0.18, delays=0.13/0/0/0.05, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered via spamassassin service)
Feb 7 14:57:14 www postfix/qmgr[12668]: 3EBA0800187: removed
Feb 7 14:57:14 www postfix/pickup[14119]: 69FD7800187: uid=502 from=<[email protected]>
Feb 7 14:57:14 www postfix/cleanup[14223]: 69FD7800187: message-id=<CAADeyWgtCh21w-_AbKaPrq_kj2A=YjRi7OXHyjjruL01MR6sqw@mail.gmail.com>
Feb 7 14:57:14 www postfix/qmgr[12668]: 69FD7800187: from=<[email protected]>, size=2042, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Feb 7 14:57:14 www spamd[1762]: prefork: child states: II
Feb 7 14:57:14 www postfix/smtpd[14213]: disconnect from mail-ie0-f171.google.com[209.85.223.171]
Feb 7 14:57:14 www postfix/cleanup[14218]: 68890800246: message-id=<[email protected]>
Feb 7 14:57:14 www postfix/qmgr[12668]: 68890800246: from=<[email protected]>, size=13993, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Feb 7 14:57:14 www spamd[1856]: spamd: connection from localhost [127.0.0.1] at port 34153
Feb 7 14:57:14 www spamd[1856]: spamd: setuid to spam succeeded
Feb 7 14:57:14 www spamd[1856]: spamd: processing message <[email protected]> for spam:502
Feb 7 14:57:14 www postfix/smtpd[14216]: disconnect from unknown[213.179.214.207]
Feb 7 14:57:14 www spamd[1856]: spamd: clean message (1.6/5.0) for spam:502 in 0.2 seconds, 13741 bytes.
Feb 7 14:57:14 www spamd[1856]: spamd: result: . 1 - BAYES_50,HTML_MESSAGE,RDNS_NONE,T_REMOTE_IMAGE,UNPARSEABLE_RELAY scantime=0.2,size=13741,user=spam,uid=502,required_score=5.0,rhost=localhost,raddr=127.0.0.1,rport=34153,mid=<[email protected]>,bayes=0.484741,autolearn=no
Feb 7 14:57:15 www postfix/pickup[14119]: 00CD6800247: uid=502 from=<[email protected]>
Feb 7 14:57:15 www postfix/cleanup[14223]: 00CD6800247: message-id=<[email protected]>
Feb 7 14:57:15 www postfix/pipe[14219]: 68890800246: to=<[email protected]>, orig_to=<[email protected]>, relay=spamassassin, delay=0.68, delays=0.43/0/0/0.25, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered via spamassassin service)
Feb 7 14:57:15 www postfix/qmgr[12668]: 68890800246: removed
Feb 7 14:57:15 www postfix/qmgr[12668]: 00CD6800247: from=<[email protected]>, size=14341, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Feb 7 14:57:15 www spamd[1762]: prefork: child states: II
Feb 7 14:57:47 www postfix/smtp[14008]: warning: open active A6F92801560: No such file or directory
不幸的是，在发送的测试邮件中仍然看到相同的 IP（被 Google 限制）144.76.184.154：
Delivered-To: [email protected]
Received: by 10.170.190.67 with SMTP id h64csp2513657yke;
Sat, 7 Feb 2015 05:59:08 -0800 (PST)
X-Received: by 10.180.89.210 with SMTP id bq18mr14321108wib.45.1423317548028;
Sat, 07 Feb 2015 05:59:08 -0800 (PST)
Return-Path: <[email protected]>
Received: from www.afarber.de ([144.76.184.154])
by mx.google.com with ESMTP id k10si7979060wif.41.2015.02.07.05.59.07
for <[email protected]>;
Sat, 07 Feb 2015 05:59:08 -0800 (PST)
Received-SPF: softfail (google.com: domain of transitioning [email protected] does not designate 144.76.184.154 as permitted sender) client-ip=144.76.184.154;
Authentication-Results: mx.google.com;
spf=softfail (google.com: domain of transitioning [email protected] does not designate 144.76.184.154 as permitted sender) [email protected];
dkim=pass [email protected];
dmarc=pass (p=NONE dis=NONE) header.from=gmail.com
Received: by www.afarber.de (Postfix, from userid 502)
id 69FD7800187; Sat, 7 Feb 2015 14:57:14 +0100 (CET)
X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.3.1 (2010-03-16) on www.afarber.de
X-Spam-Level:
X-Spam-Status: No, score=-1.9 required=5.0 tests=BAYES_00,FREEMAIL_FROM,
HTML_MESSAGE,T_DKIM_INVALID autolearn=ham version=3.3.1
Received: from mail-ie0-f171.google.com (mail-ie0-f171.google.com [209.85.223.171])
by www.afarber.de (Postfix) with ESMTP id 3EBA0800187
for <[email protected]>; Sat, 7 Feb 2015 14:57:14 +0100 (CET)
这不是我为 smtp-1 或 smtp-2 指定的 IP。
更新2：
我已经添加了“-v”/etc/postfix/master.cf：
smtp inet n - n - - smtpd -o content_filter=spamassassin
....
smtp unix - - n - - smtp
smtp-1 unix - - n - - smtp -o smtp_bind_address=144.76.184.155 -v
smtp-2 unix - - n - - smtp -o smtp_bind_address=144.76.184.156 -v
....
spamassassin unix - n n - - pipe user=spam argv=/usr/bin/spamc -f -e /usr/sbin/sendmail -oi -f ${sender} ${recipient}
现在可以在/var/log/邮件日志。
这是更新后的“postconf -n”输出（与上面相比没有变化）：
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
command_directory = /usr/sbin
config_directory = /etc/postfix
daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix
data_directory = /var/lib/postfix
debug_peer_level = 2
header_checks = pcre:/etc/postfix/header_checks
html_directory = no
inet_interfaces = all
inet_protocols = ipv4
mail_owner = postfix
mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix
manpage_directory = /usr/share/man
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost
myhostname = www.afarber.de
newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix
readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/README_FILES
sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/samples
sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix
setgid_group = postdrop
smtp_destination_concurrency_limit = 2
smtp_destination_rate_delay = 40s
smtp_generic_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/generic
unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550
virtual_alias_domains = videoskat.de balkan-preferans.de simplex.ru larissa-farber.de bukvy.de slova.de
virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual
答案1
我在这里看到两个解决方案。
（我多年前就做过这样的配置）google 使用许多 ip 作为 MX。您可以在传输图中定义，第一封邮件通过 gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com 路由，第二封邮件通过 alt1.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com 路由。然后 - 使用 iptables 和 nat/POSTROUTING - 通过第一个 ip 建立与第一个 google MX 的 nat 连接，通过第二个 ip 建立与第二个 google MX 的 nat 连接。
（未经测试，但应该可以工作）用于发送邮件的 ip 通过 smtp_bind_address 定义。您可以在 master.cf 中定义第二个（和下一个）smtp 传输，如下所示：
smtp-1 unix - - n - - smtp -o smtp_bind_address=firstip smtp-2 unix - - n - - smtp -o smtp_bind_address=secondip
然后在传输图中定义如下内容：
[email protected] smtp-1:
[email protected] smtp-2:
您必须在 main.cf 文件中指定使用 transportmap 文件：
transport_maps = hash:/etc/mail/transport
然后运行
postmap /etc/mail/transport
创建它的哈希图。