我正在使用此配置构建服务器 -> http://www.purplehat.org/?page_id=4当尝试测试基本电子邮件功能时，我收到 -> NOQUEUE：拒绝：RCPT，当时尝试发送测试电子邮件。
以下是我的相关配置
如何让 Postfix 发送电子邮件？
日志输出：
Feb 13 18:37:43 r2d2 dovecot: pop3-login: Login: user=<[email protected]>, method=PLAIN, rip=67.85.57.155, lip=107.191.60.48, mpid=13390, TLS, session=<QA0yiPwOiwBDVTmb>
Feb 13 18:37:43 r2d2 dovecot: pop3([email protected]): Disconnected: Logged out top=0/0, retr=0/0, del=0/4, size=68813
Feb 13 18:37:44 r2d2 postfix/smtpd[13391]: connect from ool-4355399b.dyn.optonline.net[67.85.57.155]
Feb 13 18:37:46 r2d2 postfix/smtpd[13391]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from ool-4355399b.dyn.optonline.net[67.85.57.155]: 454 4.7.1 <[email protected]>: Relay access denied; from=<[email protected]> to=<[email protected]> proto=ESMTP helo=<Bramini>
Feb 13 18:37:49 r2d2 postfix/smtpd[13391]: disconnect from ool-4355399b.dyn.optonline.net[67.85.57.155]
后配置-n
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
command_directory = /usr/local/sbin
config_directory = /usr/local/etc/postfix
daemon_directory = /usr/local/libexec/postfix
data_directory = /var/db/postfix
debug_peer_level = 2
debug_peer_list = 127.0.0.1
debugger_command = PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin ddd $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5
html_directory = /usr/local/share/doc/postfix
inet_protocols = ipv4
mail_owner = postfix
mailman_destination_recipient_limit = 1
mailq_path = /usr/local/bin/mailq
manpage_directory = /usr/local/man
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost
mydomain = ex-mailer.com
myhostname = r2d2.ex-mailer.com
mynetworks_style = host
newaliases_path = /usr/local/bin/newaliases
proxy_read_maps = $local_recipient_maps $mydestination $virtual_alias_maps $virtual_alias_domains $virtual_mailbox_maps $virtual_mailbox_domains $relay_recipient_maps $relay_domains $canonical_maps $sender_canonical_maps $recipient_canonical_maps $relocated_maps $transport_maps $mynetworks $virtual_mailbox_limit_maps
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix
readme_directory = /usr/local/share/doc/postfix
relay_domains = proxy:mysql:/usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql_relay_domains_maps.cf list.ex-mailer.com
sample_directory = /usr/local/etc/postfix
sendmail_path = /usr/local/sbin/sendmail
setgid_group = maildrop
smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes
smtp_use_tls = yes
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unauth_destination, reject_unauth_pipelining, reject_invalid_hostname, reject_rbl_client list.dsbl.org, reject_rbl_client bl.spamcop.net, reject_rbl_client sbl-xbl.spamhaus.org
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes
smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, permit_mynetworks
smtpd_tls_CAfile = /etc/ssl/postfix/smtpd.pem
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/postfix/smtpd.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/postfix/smtpd.pem
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 0
smtpd_tls_received_header = yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s
smtpd_use_tls = yes
soft_bounce = no
tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom
transport_maps = hash:/usr/local/etc/postfix/transport
unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550
vacation_destination_recipient_limit = 1
virtual_alias_maps = proxy:mysql:/usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf
virtual_gid_maps = static:125
virtual_mailbox_base = /usr/local/virtual
virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_limit = 51200000
virtual_mailbox_limit_maps = proxy:mysql:/usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_limit_override = yes
virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf
virtual_maildir_limit_message = Sorry, this user has overdrawn their diskspace quota. Please try again later.
virtual_minimum_uid = 125
virtual_overquota_bounce = yes
virtual_transport = virtual
virtual_uid_maps = static:125
postconf: warning: /usr/local/etc/postfix/main.cf: unused parameter: contencontent_filter=smtp-amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024
postconf: warning: /usr/local/etc/postfix/main.cf: unused parameter: virtual_create_maildirsize=yes
postconf: warning: /usr/local/etc/postfix/main.cf: unused parameter: virtual_mailbox_extended=yes
域telecomm.com在参数中定义relay_domains。这里的内容/usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql_relay_domains_maps.cf
user = doughnuts
password = [redacted]
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
query = SELECT domain FROM domain WHERE domain="%s" and backupmx ="0" and active ="1"
netstat -an |less
Active Internet connections (including servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address (state)
tcp4 0 0 *.587 *.* LISTEN
tcp4 0 0 127.0.0.1.10025 *.* LISTEN
tcp4 0 0 *.465 *.* LISTEN
tcp4 0 0 *.25 *.* LISTEN
tcp4 0 128 107.191.60.48.2222 67.85.57.155.51823 ESTABLISHED
tcp4 0 0 127.0.0.1.953 *.* LISTEN
tcp4 0 0 127.0.0.1.53 *.* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 ::1.53 *.* LISTEN
tcp4 0 0 107.191.60.48.53 *.* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 2001:19f0:7000:8.53 *.* LISTEN
tcp4 0 0 *.8282 *.* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 *.8282 *.* LISTEN
tcp4 0 0 *.8181 *.* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 *.8181 *.* LISTEN
tcp4 0 0 107.191.60.48.2222 67.85.57.155.57964 ESTABLISHED
tcp46 0 0 *.3306 *.* LISTEN
tcp4 0 0 127.0.0.1.10024 *.* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 *.993 *.* LISTEN
tcp4 0 0 *.993 *.* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 *.143 *.* LISTEN
tcp4 0 0 *.143 *.* LISTEN
更新时间：2015 年 2 月 14 日 14:30 EST
详细日志输出：
https://bpaste.net/show/6a2a70cb2ab5
通过将测试计算机 IP 设置为 mynetworks = IP，您可以看到邮件通过系统传输得更远，但随后匹配类会阻塞。如何强制 Postfix 匹配 0.0.0.0 任何 IP 源/和目标域？
猫/usr/local/etc/postfix/master.cf
# ==========================================================================
smtp inet n - n - - smtpd
smtps inet n - n - - smtpd
pickup unix n - n 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - n - 0 cleanup
qmgr unix n - n 300 1 qmgr
#qmgr unix n - n 300 1 oqmgr
tlsmgr unix - - n 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - n - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - n - 0 bounce
defer unix - - n - 0 bounce
trace unix - - n - 0 bounce
verify unix - - n - 1 verify
flush unix n - n 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - n - - smtp
relay unix - - n - - smtp
# -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq unix n - n - - showq
error unix - - n - - error
retry unix - - n - - error
discard unix - - n - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - n - - lmtp
anvil unix - - n - 1 anvil
scache unix - - n - 1 scache
vacation unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vacation argv=/var/spool/vacation/vacation.pl
smtp-amavis unix - - n - 2 smtp
-o smtp_data_done_timeout=2400
-o smtp_send_xforward_command=yes
-o disable_dns_lookups=yes
-o max_use=20
127.0.0.1:10025 inet n - n - - smtpd
-o content_filter=
-o local_recipient_maps=
-o relay_recipient_maps=
-o smtpd_restriction_classes=
-o smtpd_delay_reject=no
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject
-o smtpd_helo_restrictions=
-o smtpd_sender_restrictions=
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject
-o mynetworks_style=host
-o mynetworks=127.0.0.0/8
-o strict_rfc821_envelopes=yes
-o smtpd_error_sleep_time=0
-o smtpd_soft_error_limit=1001
-o smtpd_hard_error_limit=1000
-o smtpd_client_connection_count_limit=0
-o smtpd_client_connection_rate_limit=0
-o receive_override_options=no_header_body_checks,no_unknown_recipient_checks,no_address_mappings
mailman unix - n n - - pipe
flags=FR user=mailman:nobody
argv=/usr/local/mailman/postfix-to-mailman.py ${nexthop} ${user}
submission inet n - n - - smtpd
-o smtpd_tls_security_level=may
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_delay_reject=yes
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o smtpd_data_restrictions=
-o smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header=yes
-o receive_override_options=no_address_mappings
-o syslog_name=postfix/submission
答案1
仅供参考， 结果是454 4.7.1 <[email protected]: Relay access denied;defer_unauth_destination. 略有不同拒绝未授权目的地其中，拒绝表示永久性错误，代码为 550，而延迟表示暂时性错误，代码为 450。
但是等一下...，我没有任何使用 defer_unauth_destination 的参数。这个奇怪的限制是从哪里来的？
实际上，postfix 有一个隐限制参数称为smtpd_relay_restriction。这是新功能，因此较旧的教程可能未涵盖它。默认情况下，smtpd_relay_restriction有价值
# postconf smtpd_relay_restriction
permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, defer_unauth_destination
所以，这解释了 defer_unauth_destination
但它没有回答我关于我的客户被拒绝的问题 :(
(defer|reject)_unauth_destination 的行为记录在Postfix 手册页。
拒绝未授权目的地
拒绝该请求，除非以下情况之一成立：
- Postfix 是邮件转发器：解析后的 RCPT TO 域与 $relay_domains 或其子域匹配，并且不包含发件人指定的路由（user@elsewhere@domain），
- Postfix 是最终目的地：解析的 RCPT TO 域与 $mydestination、$inet_interfaces、$proxy_interfaces、$virtual_alias_domains 或 $virtual_mailbox_domains 匹配，并且不包含发件人指定的路由（user@elsewhere@domain）。
简单来说：postfix 将检查收件人地址. 如果域部分未在relay_domains（或其子域）、$mydestination、$inet_interfaces、$proxy_interfaces、$virtual_alias_domains 或 $virtual_mailbox_domains 中定义，则 postfix 将拒绝它。
在上述日志中，收件人是[电子邮件保护]，因此很明显为什么 Postfix 拒绝它。
答案2
我使用 THUNDERBIRD 作为 MUA，也遇到了同样的问题。我解决了在 main.cf 上的 mynetworks 参数中添加家用电脑的 IP 地址的问题
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 MyIpAddress
PS：我的家用电脑没有静态 IP，因此当我的 ISP 更改它时，我每次都必须进行调整。
答案3
FWIW 添加以下内容对我有用。我正在使用 spf 检查器，这是 check_policy_service 的需要。我的客户端是 squirrelmail，我的服务器是 postfix。
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, check_policy_service unix:private/policyd-spf