不久前，我注意到来自我的域名的电子邮件消息没有立即由谷歌发送，并且我收到了来自谷歌服务器的 smtp 错误消息。我不记得那条消息的具体措辞，但在谷歌上搜索它时，它建议我需要设置 SPF 和 DKIP 记录。我照做了。它解决了谷歌不接受电子邮件的问题。然而现在，几周后，它打开了退回电子邮件的闸门。下面是一个示例，我将我的域名替换为 mydomain.com
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From: Mail Delivery Subsystem <[email protected]>
To: [email protected]
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Subject: Delivery Status Notification (Failure)
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
Date: Sat, 28 Feb 2015 15:20:10 +0000
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Delivery to the following recipient failed permanently:
[email protected]
Technical details of permanent failure:
Google tried to deliver your message, but it was rejected by the server for the recipient domain gone.bristol.ac.uk by aspmx.l.google.com. [173.194.78.27].
The error that the other server returned was:
550-5.1.1 The email account that you tried to reach does not exist. Please try
550-5.1.1 double-checking the recipient's email address for typos or
550-5.1.1 unnecessary spaces. Learn more at
550 5.1.1 http://support.google.com/mail/bin/answer.py?answer=6596 q6si9283951wic.32 - gsmtp
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(version=TLSv1.2 cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 bits=128/128);
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Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of [email protected] designates 74.125.82.174 as permitted sender) client-ip=74.125.82.174;
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Message-ID: <[email protected]>
From: "Charlotte Freeman" <[email protected]>
Subject: Re: Afraid of awkward situations? New ED meds won't let you down!
To: [email protected]
Date: Sat, 28 Feb 2015 18:27:35 +0600
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谷歌似乎接受并试图发送来自我域名的垃圾邮件。在我看来，这些电子邮件并没有通过我的 smtp 服务器进入系统，因为电子邮件中没有与之匹配的 IP。看起来这些只是从收件人邮件系统反弹到指定为发件人的地址（该地址在我的域名上不存在，最终进入了 catchall 邮箱）。
我现在每天会收到数百条这样的信息。这可能是因为我错误地配置了 SPF 吗？
这是我的 spf 记录：
v=spf1 a mx include:_spf.google.com ~all
我的大部分设置（除了我最近添加的 SPF 和 DKIP）描述如下：Postfix/Dovecot 对邮箱中新文件的权限）
答案1
我认为您遇到的是反向散射电子邮件，请查看维基百科以获取详细说明。简而言之，反向散射是指有人使用伪造的地址（在本例中是您的地址）发送垃圾邮件，而退回的邮件会退回到您的地址。许多邮件服务器通过标记他们发送的每封电子邮件来解决此问题，使用一种称为退回地址标签验证 (BATV) 的技术，当他们收到退回的电子邮件时，邮件服务器可以判断这是否是之前发送的电子邮件的退回。如果不是，它会拒绝它或将其标记为垃圾邮件，具体取决于您的配置方式。
查看原始邮件的标题，返回路径设置为您的地址，这意味着如果垃圾邮件发送者的电子邮件无法送达，则退回邮件将发送到您的地址。
Return-Path: <[email protected]>
原始 IP 似乎是 104.220.1.229，在 DNSBL 上进行快速搜索显示该 IP 已被许多人列为垃圾邮件来源。
Received-SPF: softfail (google.com: domain of transitioning [email protected] does not designate 104.220.1.229 as permitted sender) client-ip=104.220.1.229;
解决方案 - 您可能需要设置 BATV 以防止将来出现此类散播电子邮件。
除此之外，请检查您的 SPF 条目，您说您不使用 gmail 作为中继，那么为什么要添加 Gmail 的 SPF 记录？SPF 记录旨在添加作为您域的合法电子邮件来源的发件人主机列表。如果您不使用 gmail 进行中继，请将其从您的 SPF 记录中删除。仅在您的 SPF 记录中添加发送主机的 IP。