我正在通过从我的 gmail 帐户向虚拟域上的帐户发送电子邮件来测试我的 PostFix 设置。Postfix 的响应总是：
NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from mail-lb0-f177.google.com[209.85.217.177]: 454 4.7.1 <mailATbrokkr.net>: Relay access denied; from=<madspayATgmail.com> to=<mailATbrokkr.net> proto=ESMTP helo=<mail-lb0-f177.google.com>
这是 main.cf 配置文件：
# See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version
# Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first
# line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default
# is /etc/mailname.
#myorigin = /etc/mailname
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu)
biff = no
# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
append_dot_mydomain = no
# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
#delay_warning_time = 4h
readme_directory = no
# TLS parameters
smtpd_use_tls=yes
smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/nginx/certs/madsmide_ssl-unified.crt
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/nginx/certs/madsmide_ssl.key
#smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
#smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
# See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for
# information on enabling SSL in the smtp client.
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
#smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination
#smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated defer_unauth_destination
# host configuration
myhostname = mail.madsmi.de
#myorigin = /etc/mailname
mydomain = madsmi.de
myorigin = $mydomain
# Local domain mapping
#alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
#alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
#mydestination = localhost
mydestination =
# Virtal domain mapping
virtual_mailbox_domains = hash:/etc/postfix/my_virtual_mailbox_domains
virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail
virtual_mailbox_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/my_virtual_mailbox_maps
virtual_uid_maps = static:128
virtual_gid_maps = static:142
#virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual
# Unknown
#relayhost =
mailbox_size_limit = 1000000000
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = all
inet_protocols = all
这是 my_virtual_mailbox_domains 文件：
madsmi.de
#madskas.dk
brokkr.net
和 my_virtual_mailbox_maps 文件：
mailATmadsmi.de madsmi.de/mail/
mailATbrokkr.net brokkr.net/mail/
以下是一次连接尝试的更详细的调试日志：
Jun 20 22:59:09 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: send attr request = seed
Jun 20 22:59:09 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: send attr size = 32
Jun 20 22:59:09 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: private/tlsmgr: wanted attribute: status
Jun 20 22:59:09 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: input attribute name: status
Jun 20 22:59:09 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: input attribute value: 0
Jun 20 22:59:09 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: private/tlsmgr: wanted attribute: seed
Jun 20 22:59:09 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: input attribute name: seed
Jun 20 22:59:09 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: input attribute value: h+12lK71F0Vgl8z8GN3zJmF2Sgcja/Y7rqFz1BV4raw=
Jun 20 22:59:09 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: private/tlsmgr: wanted attribute: (list terminator)
Jun 20 22:59:09 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: input attribute name: (end)
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: < mail-lb0-f180.google.com[209.85.217.180]: EHLO mail-lb0-f180.google.com
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: match_list_match: mail-lb0-f180.google.com: no match
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: match_list_match: 209.85.217.180: no match
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: > mail-lb0-f180.google.com[209.85.217.180]: 250-mail.madsmi.de
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: > mail-lb0-f180.google.com[209.85.217.180]: 250-PIPELINING
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: > mail-lb0-f180.google.com[209.85.217.180]: 250-SIZE 10240000
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: > mail-lb0-f180.google.com[209.85.217.180]: 250-VRFY
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: > mail-lb0-f180.google.com[209.85.217.180]: 250-ETRN
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: > mail-lb0-f180.google.com[209.85.217.180]: 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: > mail-lb0-f180.google.com[209.85.217.180]: 250-8BITMIME
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: > mail-lb0-f180.google.com[209.85.217.180]: 250 DSN
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: < mail-lb0-f180.google.com[209.85.217.180]: MAIL FROM:<madspayATgmail.com> SIZE=4079
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: extract_addr: input: <madspayATgmail.com>
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: smtpd_check_addr: addr=madspayATgmail.com
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: ctable_locate: move existing entry key madspayATgmail.com
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: extract_addr: in: <madspayATgmail.com>, result: madspayATgmail.com
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: smtpd_check_rewrite: trying: permit_inet_interfaces
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: permit_inet_interfaces: mail-lb0-f180.google.com 209.85.217.180
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: fsspace: .: block size 4096, blocks free 37725053
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: smtpd_check_queue: blocks 4096 avail 37725053 min_free 0 msg_size_limit 10240000
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: > mail-lb0-f180.google.com[209.85.217.180]: 250 2.1.0 Ok
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: < mail-lb0-f180.google.com[209.85.217.180]: RCPT TO:<mailATmadsmi.de>
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: extract_addr: input: <mailATmadsmi.de>
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: smtpd_check_addr: addr=mailATmadsmi.de
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: ctable_locate: move existing entry key mailATmadsmi.de
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: extract_addr: in: <mailATmadsmi.de>, result: mailATmadsmi.de
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: >>> START Recipient address RESTRICTIONS <<<
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: generic_checks: name=permit_mynetworks
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: permit_mynetworks: mail-lb0-f180.google.com 209.85.217.180
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: match_hostname: mail-lb0-f180.google.com ~? 127.0.0.0/8
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: match_hostaddr: 209.85.217.180 ~? 127.0.0.0/8
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: match_hostname: mail-lb0-f180.google.com ~? [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: match_hostaddr: 209.85.217.180 ~? [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: match_hostname: mail-lb0-f180.google.com ~? [::1]/128
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: match_hostaddr: 209.85.217.180 ~? [::1]/128
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: match_list_match: mail-lb0-f180.google.com: no match
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: match_list_match: 209.85.217.180: no match
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: generic_checks: name=permit_mynetworks status=0
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: generic_checks: name=permit_sasl_authenticated
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: generic_checks: name=permit_sasl_authenticated status=0
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: generic_checks: name=defer_unauth_destination
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: reject_unauth_destination: mailATmadsmi.de
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: permit_auth_destination: mailATmadsmi.de
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: ctable_locate: leave existing entry key mailATmadsmi.de
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from mail-lb0-f180.google.com[209.85.217.180]: 454 4.7.1 <mailATmadsmi.de>: Relay access denied; from=<madspayATgmail.com> to=<mailATmadsmi.de> proto=ESMTP helo=<mail-lb0-f180.google.com>
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: generic_checks: name=defer_unauth_destination status=2
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: >>> END Recipient address RESTRICTIONS <<<
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: > mail-lb0-f180.google.com[209.85.217.180]: 454 4.7.1 <mailATmadsmi.de>: Relay access denied
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: < mail-lb0-f180.google.com[209.85.217.180]: DATA
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: > mail-lb0-f180.google.com[209.85.217.180]: 554 5.5.1 Error: no valid recipients
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: < mail-lb0-f180.google.com[209.85.217.180]: QUIT
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: > mail-lb0-f180.google.com[209.85.217.180]: 221 2.0.0 Bye
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: match_hostname: mail-lb0-f180.google.com ~? 127.0.0.0/8
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: match_hostaddr: 209.85.217.180 ~? 127.0.0.0/8
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: match_hostname: mail-lb0-f180.google.com ~? [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: match_hostaddr: 209.85.217.180 ~? [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: match_hostname: mail-lb0-f180.google.com ~? [::1]/128
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: match_hostaddr: 209.85.217.180 ~? [::1]/128
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: match_list_match: mail-lb0-f180.google.com: no match
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: match_list_match: 209.85.217.180: no match
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: send attr request = disconnect
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: send attr ident = smtp:209.85.217.180
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: private/anvil: wanted attribute: status
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: input attribute name: status
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: input attribute value: 0
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: private/anvil: wanted attribute: (list terminator)
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: input attribute name: (end)
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: disconnect from mail-lb0-f180.google.com[209.85.217.180]
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: master_notify: status 1
Jun 20 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: connection closed
我的问题是：为什么邮件会被拒收？从日志中我收集到的少量信息来看，要么是发件人（google.com）有问题，要么是收件人（本例中为 madsmi.de 的邮件）无法识别。
如果是第一种情况，我感到很困惑，为什么当主机是目的地并且不要求发送邮件而是要求投递邮件时，会应用中继规则。如果是第二种情况，为什么 PostFix 无法在 virtual_mailbox_maps 中看到收件人？
答案1
出现此问题的原因在于下面的“hash:”，删除它就可以了。
虚拟域映射
虚拟邮箱域名 = 哈希:/etc/postfix/my_virtual_mailbox_domains
答案2
mydestination 不能为空。由于此字段为空，因此邮件服务器无法找到邮件的任何目的地。本质上 NOQUEUE 是无处可去。我会将其设置为 mydestination = 127.0.0.1，甚至 localhost 也应该可以正常工作。defer_unauth_destination 表示它也没有设置为备份 MX 服务器。只有在您充当备份 MX 服务器时，mydestination 才应该为空。在这种情况下，您需要将 Relayhost 设置为您充当备份的服务器。
6 月 20 日 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: NOQUEUE: 拒绝：RCPT 来自 mail-lb0-f180.google.com[209.85.217.180]: 454 4.7.1：中继访问被拒绝；来自= 到= proto=ESMTP helo= 6 月 20 日 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: generic_checks: name=defer_unauth_destination status=2 6 月 20 日 22:59:10 THEMINT postfix/smtpd[10294]: >>> END 收件人地址限制 <<<