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WordPress / nginx / php5-fpm 上的 502 错误

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WordPress / nginx / php5-fpm 上的 502 错误

我查看了许多其他 Server Fault 和 Google 搜索结果，它们都谈到了大致类似的情况，但我找不到我想要的见解。我很感激社区提供的任何帮助，也不想让任何人认为我在寻求帮助之前没有做过详尽的研究。我非常感谢任何花时间回复并教育我的人。

情况如下：

我有一台 Digital Ocean 服务器，配备 8 核处理器、16 GB RAM 和 160 GB SSD。该服务器在 Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS 上的 nginx + php5-fpm 上运行 WordPress。

我以前一直使用 Apache，所以这是我第一次尝试 nginx。

无论如何，该网站运行良好但我偶尔会收到 502 bad gateway 错误，并且有报告称用户也会间歇性地遇到此问题。我使用 CloudFlare 进行了相当积极的边缘缓存，以限制对实际原始服务器的命中次数。

nginx 错误日志显示了一个常见问题：

2015/07/03 17:38:51 [error] 4283#0: *74154 connect() to unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock failed (11: Resource temporarily unavailable) while connecting to upstream, client: 173.245.xx.xx, server: www.mydomain.com, request: "GET /path/to/file HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock:

我发现这些条目与 502 场景相对应，但我无法弄清楚如何有效调整 php5-fpm 和 nginx 以支持流量。

top显示 %Cpu(s): 在我监控的几个不同时间内在 27% 到 54% 之间波动。

内存使用情况对我来说似乎也很好；以下是输出free -h：

             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:           15G        15G       248M        71M       1.3G        11G
-/+ buffers/cache:       2.3G        13G
Swap:           0B         0B         0B

最后，转到 nginx 配置，根据我读到的内容，我将 worker_processes 设置为 8，worker_connections 为 16192。如下所示/etc/nginx/nginx.conf：

user www-data;
worker_processes 8;
pid /run/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections  16192;
    multi_accept        on;
    use                 epoll;
}

http {
    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush on;
    tcp_nodelay on;
    keepalive_timeout 15;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;
    include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;
    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
    gzip on;
    gzip_disable "msie6";
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}

以下是配置/etc/nginx/sites-available/default

fastcgi_cache_key "$host$request_uri";
fastcgi_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header http_500;
fastcgi_ignore_headers Cache-Control Expires Set-Cookie;

server {
    listen 80 default_server;
    listen [::]:80 default_server ipv6only=on;
    listen 127.0.0.1 default_server;

    root /usr/share/nginx/html;
    index index.php index.html index.htm;

    server_name my.website.com;
    server_name localhost;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
    }

    error_page 404 /404.html;
    error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        try_files $uri =404;
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        include fastcgi_params;

    }
    location ~ \.php$ {
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        include fastcgi_params;
    }

}

最后说明：这台机器上也运行着虚拟主机，每个虚拟主机都有类似的站点配置和 fastcgi 缓存，并且都运行着 WordPress。

根据 @pennywise 的建议，为其中一个 vhost 添加配置文件。我将我的评论保留在行内。

fastcgi_cache_path /etc/nginx/cache/vhostdomain levels=1:2 keys_zone=vhostdomain:100m inactive=60m;

server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;

    root /usr/share/nginx/www.vhostdomain.com;
    index index.php index.html index.htm;

    server_name www.vhostdomain.com;
    server_namevhostdomain.com;

    access_log   /var/log/nginx/vhostdomain.com.access.log;
    error_log    /var/log/nginx/vhostdomain.com.error.log;

    set $skip_cache 0;

    # POST requests should always go to PHP
    if ($request_method = POST) {
        set $skip_cache 1;
    }   

    # If the URL contains the query strings params cb or clk, bypass the cache
    if ($query_string ~* "cb=|clk=") {
        set $skip_cache 1;
    }

    # If the URL contains the /ad/ directory, bypass cache
    if ($request_uri ~* "/ad/") {
        set $skip_cache 1;
    }   

    # Don't cache uris containing the following segments
    if ($request_uri ~* "/wp-admin/|/xmlrpc.php|wp-.*.php|/feed/|index.php|sitemap(_index)?.xml") {
        set $skip_cache 1;
    }   

    # Don't use the cache for logged in users or recent commenters
    if ($http_cookie ~* "comment_author|wordpress_[a-f0-9]+|wp-postpass|wordpress_no_cache|wordpress_logged_in") {
        set $skip_cache 1;
    }

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
    }    

    location ~ \.php$ {
        try_files $uri =404; 
        include fastcgi_params;
        #fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;

        fastcgi_cache_bypass $skip_cache;
        fastcgi_no_cache $skip_cache;

        fastcgi_cachevhostdomain;
        fastcgi_cache_valid  60m;

    }

    location ~* ^.+\.(ogg|ogv|svg|svgz|eot|otf|woff|mp4|ttf|rss|atom|jpg|jpeg|gif|png|ico|zip|tgz|gz|rar|bz2|doc|xls|exe|ppt|tar|mid|midi|wav|bmp|rtf)$ {
        access_log off; log_not_found off; expires max;
    }

    location = /robots.txt { access_log off; log_not_found off; }
    location ~ /\. { deny  all; access_log off; log_not_found off; }    
}

添加/etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.confsans 评论：

[www]
user = www-data
group = www-data
listen = /var/run/php5-fpm.sock
listen.owner = www-data
listen.group = www-data
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 5
pm.start_servers = 2
pm.min_spare_servers = 1
pm.max_spare_servers = 3
chdir = /

答案1

在您的配置中，您有两个位置块，\.php$
这很可能是罪魁祸首，将它们合并为一个，就应该没问题了。

有时长时间盯着代码/配置文件会让你错过一些显而易见的东西。

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