我有一台安装了 Virtualmin/Webmin 最新版本的 Ubuntu 12.04 服务器，使用安装过程中生成的自签名证书，运行良好，一年多来没有任何问题。本周，我在我的 7 个域中的一个域（不是默认域）中安装了一个 GoDaddy 证书（非通配符）。按照 Virtualmin 文档，一切都做得很好，https 站点正常，但 Postfix 邮件服务器开始出现一些问题。它完全停止，无法再次启动。尝试重新启动服务器和 Postfix 后，检查 mail.log 中发现的错误：
Jul 7 18:04:01 server1 postfix/master[12140]: fatal: bind xxx.xxx.xxx.xx port 587: Address already in use
Jul 7 18:31:36 server1 postfix/postfix-script[13766]: fatal: the Postfix mail system is not running
Jul 7 18:31:37 server1 postfix/postfix-script[13865]: starting the Postfix mail system
Jul 7 18:31:37 server1 postfix/master[13866]: fatal: bind xxx.xxx.xxx.xx port 587: Address already in use
Jul 7 18:37:07 server1 postfix/postfix-script[14208]: starting the Postfix mail system
Jul 7 18:37:07 server1 postfix/master[14209]: fatal: bind xxx.xxx.xxx.xx port 587: Address already in use
我使用的是 GoDaddy 的外部 DNS，而不是 Virtualmin BIND。检查了配置是否正确，没有发现任何问题。使用 nmap、netstat、iptables 在服务器终端进行了全面验证，没有发现任何问题。所有必要的端口都已打开，包括端口 587。
服务器 IP 为 XXX.XXX.XXX.XX，与 6 个虚拟服务器共享，包括 eth0:0 中的服务器主机“server1.myhost.com”，并且证书安装在 eth0:1 中运行的 IP YYY.YY.YYY.YYY（私有 IP）中，仅用于域 mycustomerdomain.com。
如果在 Virtualmin 面板中禁用 mycustomerdomain.com 的 SSL，postfix 会再次正常启动。一旦启用 SSL，SSL postfix 就会停止并显示相同的日志条目。我确信证书没有问题。我认为这是 Virtualmin 中的一个错误，因为虽然此安装已有一年多历史，但它是从全新的 Ubuntu 12.04 LAMP 安装中制作的，并且从那时起每周都会更新。
netstat -tlnp | grep 587这是禁用 SSL 并启动 Postfix 后的结果：
root@server1:~# netstat -tlnp | grep 587
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:587 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 24934/master
tcp6 0 0 :::587 :::* LISTEN 24934/master
master.cf的内容：
#
# Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format
# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master").
#
# Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file.
#
# ==========================================================================
# service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args
# (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
smtp inet n - - - - smtpd -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
#smtp inet n - - - 1 postscreen
#smtpd pass - - - - - smtpd
#dnsblog unix - - - - 0 dnsblog
#tlsproxy unix - - - - 0 tlsproxy
submission inet n - - - - smtpd
# -o syslog_name=postfix/submission
# -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
# -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
smtps inet n - - - - smtpd -o syslog_name=postfix/smtps -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject -o milter_macro_daemon_n$
#628 inet n - - - - qmqpd
pickup fifo n - - 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup
qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 qmgr
#qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 oqmgr
tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce
defer unix - - - - 0 bounce
trace unix - - - - 0 bounce
verify unix - - - - 1 verify
flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - - - - smtp
relay unix - - - - - smtp
# -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq unix n - - - - showq
error unix - - - - - error
retry unix - - - - - error
discard unix - - - - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp
anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil
scache unix - - - - 1 scache
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.
#
# Specify in cyrus.conf:
# lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4
#
# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:
# mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
# virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
# Old example of delivery via Cyrus.
#
#old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
uucp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
mailman unix - n n - - pipe
flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
${nexthop} ${user}
submission inet n - - - - smtpd -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
smtp-14128634181497 unix - - - - - smtp -o smtp_bind_address=XXX.XXX.XXX.XX
答案1
嗯，看起来你有两个submission条目master.cf
# grep submission master.cf | grep -v ^#
submission inet n - - - - smtpd
submission inet n - - - - smtpd -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
第二行将指示 postfix 再次监听端口 587。这就是 postfix 发出错误消息的原因
致命：绑定 xxx.xxx.xxx.xx 端口 587：地址已在使用中
删除其中任意一行提交内容。