我设置了一个 nginx 代理直通，当 nginx 最初加载时，它工作正常，但最终（可能在一天左右之后？目前还不太确定）代理直通的位置只返回响应504 GATEWAY_TIMEOUT。奇怪的是，我设置了多个 proxy_pass 位置，哪些位置关闭，哪些位置保持打开是随机的。
这是 nginx 配置文件：
server {
listen 80;
server_name example.com;
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
root /srv/www/frontend/current/;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
}
# Block all svn access
if ($request_uri ~* ^.*\.svn.*$) {
return 404;
}
# Block all git access
if ($request_uri ~* ^.*\.git.*$) {
return 404;
}
location /nginx_status {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
allow 127.0.0.1;
deny all;
}
location /api/karma/ {
proxy_pass <server A>;
}
location /api/auth/ {
proxy_pass <server B>;
}
location /api/search/ {
proxy_pass <server C>;
}
location /api/history/ {
proxy_pass <server D>;
}
}
（显然我已经匿名化了服务器位置）
例如，当 nginx 首次启动时，我可以执行
curl -i example.com/api/history/health_check
（其中 health_check 是已知端点）并获得 200 响应，但过了一会儿，完全相同的命令返回 504 GATEWAY_TIMEOUT。
但是底层服务器和 http 服务器仍然可以完全运行，我可以直接针对服务器的地址执行 curl 命令，并从本地计算机和 ssh 到 nginx 服务器时获取响应。
开始返回 GATEWAY_TIMEOUT 的位置前缀是随机的，并且自从设置以来，具有 proxy_pass 的四个位置中的每一个都以这种方式在某个时候失败。
所有内容都托管在 AWS t2_micro Ubuntu 14.04 Linux 实例上，nginx 本身是 v1.4.6。底层服务器/应用程序没有重新启动，AWS 实例本身也一直处于运行状态。底层 http 服务器是 Go 应用程序，但同样，当我开始获取这些 GATEWAY_TIMEOUT 时，应用程序本身完全正常运行。
发生这种情况时，错误日志中没有任何有趣的内容，但我刚刚打开了错误日志上的调试日志记录，以下是损坏的请求出现的内容：
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 post event 00000000022542A0
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 delete posted event 00000000022542A0
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http wait request handler
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 posix_memalign: 000000000222F6A0:256 @16
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 malloc: 0000000002225CA0:1024
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 recv: fd:23 1018 of 1024
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 reusable connection: 0
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 posix_memalign: 00000000022260B0:4096 @16
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http process request line
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http request line: "POST <url> HTTP/1.1"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http uri: "<url>"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http args: ""
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http exten: ""
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http process request header line
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http header: "host: <url>"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http header: "Accept: application/json, text/plain, */*"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http header: "Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http header: "Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http header: "Authorization: <auth token>"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http header: "Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http header: "Origin: <url>"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http header: "Referer: <url>"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http header: "User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/43.0.2357.132 Safari/537.36"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http header: "X-Forwarded-For: <ip address>"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http header: "X-Forwarded-Port: 443"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http header: "X-Forwarded-Proto: https"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http header: "Content-Length: 209"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 posix_memalign: 00000000022270C0:4096 @16
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http header: "Connection: keep-alive"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http header done
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 event timer del: 23: 1436817428740
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 generic phase: 0
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 rewrite phase: 1
** snip ( bunch of logs about trying to match the url to a route )
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http cl:209 max:4194304
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 rewrite phase: 3
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 post rewrite phase: 4
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 generic phase: 5
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 generic phase: 6
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 generic phase: 7
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 access phase: 8
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 access phase: 9
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 post access phase: 10
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 try files phase: 11
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http client request body preread 209
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http request body content length filter
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http body new buf t:1 f:0 0000000002225FC9, pos 0000000002225FC9, size: 209 file: 0, size: 0
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http init upstream, client timer: 0
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 epoll add event: fd:23 op:3 ev:80000005
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http script copy: "Host: "
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http script var: "<aws url>"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http script copy: "
"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http script copy: "Connection: close
"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http script copy: "Content-Length: "
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http script var: "209"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http script copy: "
"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http proxy header: "Accept: application/json, text/plain, */*"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http proxy header: "Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http proxy header: "Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http proxy header: "Authorization: <auth>"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http proxy header: "Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http proxy header: "Origin: <url>"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http proxy header: "Referer: <url>"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http proxy header: "User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/43.0.2357.132 Safari/537.36"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http proxy header: "X-Forwarded-For: 96.45.202.230"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http proxy header: "X-Forwarded-Port: 443"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http proxy header: "X-Forwarded-Proto: https"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http proxy header:
"POST /v1/trip HTTP/1.0
Host: <url>
Connection: close
Content-Length: 209
Accept: application/json, text/plain, */*
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8
Authorization: <auth>
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
Origin: <url>
Referer: <url>
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/43.0.2357.132 Safari/537.36
X-Forwarded-For: 96.45.202.230
X-Forwarded-Port: 443
X-Forwarded-Proto: https
"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http cleanup add: 0000000002227C40
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 get rr peer, try: 2
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 get rr peer, current: 1 0
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 socket 24
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 epoll add connection: fd:24 ev:80000005
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 connect to 54.174.36.245:80, fd:24 #12097
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http upstream connect: -2
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 posix_memalign: 000000000222F7B0:128 @16
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 event timer add: 24: 60000:1436817451902
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http finalize request: -4, "<url>" a:1, c:2
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http request count:2 blk:0
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 post event 000000000226E2B0
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 delete posted event 000000000226E2B0
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http run request: "<url>"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http upstream check client, write event:1, "<url>"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http upstream recv(): -1 (11: Resource temporarily unavailable)
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: post event 0000000002253E90
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: delete posted event 0000000002253E90
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: accept on 0.0.0.0:80, ready: 0
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: posix_memalign: 000000000222F840:256 @16
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12098 accept: 172.31.15.160 fd:25
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12098 event timer add: 25: 60000:1436817451902
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12098 reusable connection: 1
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12098 epoll add event: fd:25 op:1 ev:80000001
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: post event 0000000002253E90
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: delete posted event 0000000002253E90
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: accept on 0.0.0.0:80, ready: 0
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: posix_memalign: 000000000222F950:256 @16
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12099 accept: 172.31.15.160 fd:26
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12099 event timer add: 26: 60000:1436817451902
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12099 reusable connection: 1
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12099 epoll add event: fd:26 op:1 ev:80000001
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 post event 000000000226E040
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 delete posted event 000000000226E040
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http upstream request: "<url>"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http upstream send request handler
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http upstream send request
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 chain writer buf fl:0 s:830
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 chain writer buf fl:1 s:209
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 chain writer in: 0000000002227C98
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 writev: 1039
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 chain writer out: 0000000000000000
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 event timer del: 24: 1436817451902
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 event timer add: 24: 60000:1436817451904
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 post event 0000000002254030
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 post event 000000000226E040
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 delete posted event 000000000226E040
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http upstream request: "<url>"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http upstream dummy handler
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 delete posted event 0000000002254030
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http upstream request: "<url>"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http upstream process header
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 malloc: 00000000022280D0:4096
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 recv: fd:24 141 of 4096
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http proxy status 200 "200 OK"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http proxy header: "Content-Type: text/plain"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http proxy header: "Date: Mon, 13 Jul 2015 19:56:31 GMT"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http proxy header: "Server: nginx/1.6.2"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http proxy header: "Content-Length: 0"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http proxy header: "Connection: Close"
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http proxy header done
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 xslt filter header
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.4.6 (Ubuntu)
Date: Mon, 13 Jul 2015 19:56:31 GMT
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Length: 0
Connection: keep-alive
（对我而言）有趣的是：
2015/07/13 19:56:31 [debug] 3523#0: *12096 http upstream recv(): -1 (11: Resource temporarily unavailable)
我尝试在 Google 中查找该字符串，但说实话，我并不真正明白答案，而且它们似乎与我遇到的问题无关。
答案1
瓶颈可能在于您的 t2_micro 文件描述符数量，但也很有可能是网络带宽问题。
有两种通用方法可以解决这个问题而不增加带宽：1）增加系统范围内打开文件的限制（数量）和/或 nginx 的 ulimit 2）升级到 nginx 1.7.5 或更高版本
如果增加文件描述符不能解决问题，请记住 t2_micro 通常是一种低网络带宽产品。虽然您可能无法获得“更好”的网络性能，但您可以尝试使用“更准确”的代理响应 health_check 来最大限度地减少 t2_micro 的弱点，并进行一些调整：
- 缓冲默认处于开启状态，因此请确认指定的默认路径
proxy_temp_path存在且具有足够的磁盘空间，因为如果没有，缓冲的消息可能会偶尔为空或丢失，并创建等待响应的超时条件。 - 您需要 1.7.5 或更高版本才能进行调整
proxy_next_upstream_timeout，proxy_next_upstream_tries让 nginx 在低带宽服务器上“更智能地”处理代理请求。例如，您可以定义传递错误之前的重试次数。
更新：要在 1.7.5 及更高版本中配置出现错误之前的代理尝试次数，请将此条目添加到 nginx.conf：
proxy_next_upstream_tries 3;
这将为你带来两个重试（一次尝试，加上两次重试）。
答案2
将其添加到 nginx.conf ：
proxy_connect_timeout 600;
proxy_send_timeout 600;
proxy_read_timeout 600;
send_timeout 600;
然后执行'service nginx reload'（如果使用 systemd 则执行'systemctl nginx reload'）