和许多其他人一样，我过去从您那里学到了很多信息，现在我设法独立运行服务器，现在我是 SQL 调优的新手，我已经在网上搜索了一段时间，调优似乎很难，所以我很感激一些建议/帮助。有人能评论一下下面的结果是好、坏还是最差吗？
我下载并启动了 mysqltuner.pl，结果是：
-------- Performance Metrics -------------------------------------------------
[--] Up for: 1d 5h 10m 1s (488K q [4.654 qps], 9K conn, TX: 2B, RX: 114M)
[--] Reads / Writes: 85% / 15%
[--] Total buffers: 522.0M global + 1.1M per thread (151 max threads)
[OK] Maximum possible memory usage: 691.9M (8% of installed RAM)
[OK] Slow queries: 0% (1/488K)
[OK] Highest usage of available connections: 5% (9/151)
[OK] Key buffer size / total MyISAM indexes: 8.0M/729.0K
[OK] Key buffer hit rate: 100.0% (465K cached / 30 reads)
[OK] Query cache efficiency: 70.9% (305K cached / 431K selects)
[!!] Query cache prunes per day: 38311
[OK] Sorts requiring temporary tables: 0% (0 temp sorts / 35K sorts)
[!!] Joins performed without indexes: 1369
[!!] Temporary tables created on disk: 58% (6K on disk / 11K total)
[OK] Thread cache hit rate: 99% (9 created / 9K connections)
[OK] Table cache hit rate: 33% (2K open / 5K opened)
[OK] Open file limit used: 3% (160/5K)
[OK] Table locks acquired immediately: 100% (222K immediate / 222K locks)
-------- InnoDB Metrics -----------------------------------------------------
[--] InnoDB is enabled.
[--] InnoDB BufferPool Size :450.0M
[--] InnoDB BufferPool Inst :1
[OK] InnoDB buffer pool / data size: 450.0M/310.3M
[OK] InnoDB buffer pool instances: 1
[OK] InnoDB log waits: 0
-------- Recommendations -----------------------------------------------------
General recommendations:
Run OPTIMIZE TABLE to defragment tables for better performance
Restrict Host for user@% to user@SpecificDNSorIp
Adjust your join queries to always utilize indexes
When making adjustments, make tmp_table_size/max_heap_table_size equal
Reduce your SELECT DISTINCT queries without LIMIT clauses
Variables to adjust:
query_cache_size (> 16M)
join_buffer_size (> 256.0K, or always use indexes with joins)
tmp_table_size (> 32M)
max_heap_table_size (> 32M)
my.cnf 如下
mysqld]
local-infile=0
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
query_cache_type = 1
query_cache_size= 16777216
query_cache_limit=1048576
innodb_buffer_pool_instances =1
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 450M
tmp_table_size = 32M
max_heap_table_size = 32M
join_buffer_size=256K
skip-host-cache
skip-name-resolve
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=TRUE
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
以及服务器信息和内存
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 6
model name : QEMU Virtual CPU version 0.9.1
stepping : 3
cpu MHz : 2000.074
cache size : 32 KB
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 4
wp : yes
flags : fpu de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 syscall nx lm rep_good unfair_spinlock pni hypervisor
bogomips : 4000.14
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
processor : 1
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 6
model name : QEMU Virtual CPU version 0.9.1
stepping : 3
cpu MHz : 2000.074
cache size : 32 KB
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 4
wp : yes
flags : fpu de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 syscall nx lm rep_good unfair_spinlock pni hypervisor
bogomips : 4000.14
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
processor : 2
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 6
model name : QEMU Virtual CPU version 0.9.1
stepping : 3
cpu MHz : 2000.074
cache size : 32 KB
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 4
wp : yes
flags : fpu de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 syscall nx lm rep_good unfair_spinlock pni hypervisor
bogomips : 4000.14
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
processor : 3
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 6
model name : QEMU Virtual CPU version 0.9.1
stepping : 3
cpu MHz : 2000.074
cache size : 32 KB
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 4
wp : yes
flags : fpu de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 syscall nx lm rep_good unfair_spinlock pni hypervisor
bogomips : 4000.14
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
processor : 4
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 6
model name : QEMU Virtual CPU version 0.9.1
stepping : 3
cpu MHz : 2000.074
cache size : 32 KB
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 4
wp : yes
flags : fpu de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 syscall nx lm rep_good unfair_spinlock pni hypervisor
bogomips : 4000.14
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
processor : 5
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 6
model name : QEMU Virtual CPU version 0.9.1
stepping : 3
cpu MHz : 2000.074
cache size : 32 KB
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 4
wp : yes
flags : fpu de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 syscall nx lm rep_good unfair_spinlock pni hypervisor
bogomips : 4000.14
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
和记忆如下：
free
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 8060476 7057992 1002484 0 305180 4631680
-/+ buffers/cache: 2121132 5939344
Swap: 1048568 383800 664768
show variables like '%query_cache%';
+------------------------------+----------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+------------------------------+----------+
| have_query_cache | YES |
| query_cache_limit | 1048576 |
| query_cache_min_res_unit | 4096 |
| query_cache_size | 16777216 |
| query_cache_type | ON |
| query_cache_wlock_invalidate | OFF |
+------------------------------+----------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
SHOW STATUS LIKE 'qcache%';
+-------------------------+---------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-------------------------+---------+
| Qcache_free_blocks | 1597 |
| Qcache_free_memory | 4456848 |
| Qcache_hits | 313793 |
| Qcache_inserts | 120859 |
| Qcache_lowmem_prunes | 48666 |
| Qcache_not_cached | 6298 |
| Qcache_queries_in_cache | 3869 |
| Qcache_total_blocks | 10227 |
+-------------------------+---------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
我正在使用 Mysql 5.6.12 提前感谢您的帮助 STef
Percona 会议
# Generated by Percona Configuration Wizard (http://tools.percona.com/) version REL5-20120208
# Configuration name server-8 generated for mail.com at 2015-07-09 23:48:22
[mysql]
# CLIENT #
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
# GENERAL #
user = mysql
default-storage-engine = InnoDB
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
pid-file = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.pid
# MyISAM #
key-buffer-size = 32M
myisam-recover = FORCE,BACKUP
# SAFETY #
max-allowed-packet = 16M
max-connect-errors = 1000000
skip-name-resolve
sql-mode = STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,NO_ZERO_DATE,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY
sysdate-is-now = 1
innodb = FORCE
innodb-strict-mode = 1
# DATA STORAGE #
datadir = /var/lib/mysql/
# BINARY LOGGING #
log-bin = /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin
expire-logs-days = 14
sync-binlog = 1
# CACHES AND LIMITS #
tmp-table-size = 32M
max-heap-table-size = 32M
query-cache-type = 0
query-cache-size = 0
max-connections = 500
thread-cache-size = 50
open-files-limit = 65535
table-definition-cache = 4096
table-open-cache = 10240
# INNODB #
innodb-flush-method = O_DIRECT
innodb-log-files-in-group = 2
innodb-log-file-size = 256M
innodb-flush-log-at-trx-commit = 1
innodb-file-per-table = 1
innodb-buffer-pool-size = 6G
# LOGGING #
log-error = /var/lib/mysql/mysql-error.log
log-queries-not-using-indexes = 1
slow-query-log = 1
slow-query-log-file = /var/lib/mysql/mysql-slow.log