我已经使用 Postfix 和 Dovecot 设置了邮件服务器。发送和接收邮件都运行正常。这个电子邮件服务器在过去几年一直运行良好，没有任何问题。最近我们开始收到大量垃圾邮件，所以我决定设置垃圾邮件和病毒过滤，并遵循以下链接提供的官方指南 https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PostfixAmavisNew 测试 amavisd-new 时输出以下结果
root@mail:~# telnet localhost 10024
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 [127.0.0.1] ESMTP amavisd-new service ready
在调试模式下运行 amavisd-new 时，我得到了以下输出
root@mail:~# amavisd-new debug
Sep 17 09:35:14.246 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: starting. /usr/sbin/amavisd-new at .example.com amavisd-new-2.6.4 (20090625), Unicode aware, LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
Sep 17 09:35:14.246 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: user=, EUID: 112 (112); group=, EGID: 124 124 (124 124)
Sep 17 09:35:14.246 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Perl version 5.010001
Sep 17 09:35:14.310 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: SpamControl: attempting to load scanner SpamAssassin, module Amavis::SpamControl::SpamAssassin
Sep 17 09:35:14.310 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: SpamControl: scanner SpamAssassin, module Amavis::SpamControl::SpamAssassin
Sep 17 09:35:14.869 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: INFO: SA version: 3.3.1, 3.003001, no optional modules: Encode::Detect IP::Country::Fast Image::Info Image::Info::GIF Image::Info::JPEG Image::Info::PNG Image::Info::TIFF
Sep 17 09:35:14.869 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: SpamControl: init_pre_chroot on SpamAssassin done
Sep 17 09:35:14.870 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Net::Server: 2015/09/17-09:35:14 Amavis (type Net::Server::PreForkSimple) starting! pid(24625)
Sep 17 09:35:14.876 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Net::Server: Binding to UNIX socket file /var/lib/amavis/amavisd.sock using SOCK_STREAM
Sep 17 09:35:14.877 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Net::Server: Binding to TCP port 10024 on host 127.0.0.1
Sep 17 09:35:14.878 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Net::Server: Group Not Defined. Defaulting to EGID '124 124'
Sep 17 09:35:14.878 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Net::Server: User Not Defined. Defaulting to EUID '112'
Sep 17 09:35:14.878 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Net::Server: Setting up serialization via flock
Sep 17 09:35:14.879 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: after_chroot_init: EUID: 112 (112); EGID: 124 124 (124 124)
Sep 17 09:35:14.880 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: config files read: /usr/share/amavis/conf.d/10-debian_scripts, /usr/share/amavis/conf.d/20-package, /etc/amavis/conf.d/01-debian, /etc/amavis/conf.d/05-domain_id, /etc/amavis/conf.d/05-node_id, /etc/amavis/conf.d/15-av_scanners, /etc/amavis/conf.d/15-content_filter_mode, /etc/amavis/conf.d/20-debian_defaults, /etc/amavis/conf.d/21-ubuntu_defaults, /etc/amavis/conf.d/25-amavis_helpers, /etc/amavis/conf.d/30-template_localization, /etc/amavis/conf.d/40-policy_banks, /etc/amavis/conf.d/50-user
Sep 17 09:35:14.914 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Module Amavis::Conf 2.207
Sep 17 09:35:14.914 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Module Archive::Zip 1.30
Sep 17 09:35:14.915 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Module BerkeleyDB 0.39
Sep 17 09:35:14.915 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Module Compress::Zlib 2.02
Sep 17 09:35:14.915 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Module Convert::TNEF 0.17
Sep 17 09:35:14.915 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Module Convert::UUlib 1.12
Sep 17 09:35:14.915 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Module Crypt::OpenSSL::RSA 0.25
Sep 17 09:35:14.916 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Module DBD::mysql 4.012
Sep 17 09:35:14.916 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Module DBI 1.609
Sep 17 09:35:14.916 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Module DB_File 1.82
Sep 17 09:35:14.916 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Module Digest::MD5 2.39
Sep 17 09:35:14.916 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Module Digest::SHA 5.47
Sep 17 09:35:14.916 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Module Digest::SHA1 2.12
Sep 17 09:35:14.917 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Module IO::Socket::INET6 2.54
Sep 17 09:35:14.918 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Module MIME::Entity 5.427
Sep 17 09:35:14.918 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Module MIME::Parser 5.427
Sep 17 09:35:14.918 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Module MIME::Tools 5.427
Sep 17 09:35:14.919 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Module Mail::DKIM::Signer 0.38
Sep 17 09:35:14.919 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Module Mail::DKIM::Verifier 0.38
Sep 17 09:35:14.919 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Module Mail::Header 2.05
Sep 17 09:35:14.919 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Module Mail::Internet 2.05
Sep 17 09:35:14.919 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Module Mail::SPF v2.007
Sep 17 09:35:14.920 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Module Mail::SpamAssassin 3.003001
Sep 17 09:35:14.921 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Module Net::DNS 0.65
Sep 17 09:35:14.922 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Module Net::Server 0.97
Sep 17 09:35:14.922 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Module NetAddr::IP 4.024
Sep 17 09:35:14.922 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Module Razor2::Client::Version 2.84
Sep 17 09:35:14.923 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Module Socket6 0.23
Sep 17 09:35:14.923 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Module Time::HiRes 1.9719
Sep 17 09:35:14.923 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Module URI 1.52
Sep 17 09:35:14.924 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Module Unix::Syslog 1.1
Sep 17 09:35:14.924 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Amavis::DB code loaded
Sep 17 09:35:14.924 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Amavis::Cache code loaded
Sep 17 09:35:14.924 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: SQL base code NOT loaded
Sep 17 09:35:14.925 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: SQL::Log code NOT loaded
Sep 17 09:35:14.925 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: SQL::Quarantine NOT loaded
Sep 17 09:35:14.925 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Lookup::SQL code NOT loaded
Sep 17 09:35:14.925 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Lookup::LDAP code NOT loaded
Sep 17 09:35:14.925 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: AM.PDP-in proto code loaded
Sep 17 09:35:14.925 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: SMTP-in proto code loaded
Sep 17 09:35:14.925 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Courier proto code NOT loaded
Sep 17 09:35:14.925 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: SMTP-out proto code loaded
Sep 17 09:35:14.926 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Pipe-out proto code NOT loaded
Sep 17 09:35:14.926 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: BSMTP-out proto code NOT loaded
Sep 17 09:35:14.926 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Local-out proto code loaded
Sep 17 09:35:14.926 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: OS_Fingerprint code NOT loaded
Sep 17 09:35:14.926 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: ANTI-VIRUS code loaded
Sep 17 09:35:14.926 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: ANTI-SPAM code loaded
Sep 17 09:35:14.926 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: ANTI-SPAM-EXT code NOT loaded
Sep 17 09:35:14.926 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: ANTI-SPAM-C code NOT loaded
Sep 17 09:35:14.926 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: ANTI-SPAM-SA code loaded
Sep 17 09:35:14.927 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Unpackers code loaded
Sep 17 09:35:14.927 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: DKIM code loaded
Sep 17 09:35:14.927 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Tools code NOT loaded
Sep 17 09:35:14.927 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Found $file at /usr/bin/file
Sep 17 09:35:14.927 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No $altermime, not using it
Sep 17 09:35:14.928 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Internal decoder for .mail
Sep 17 09:35:14.928 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No decoder for .F
Sep 17 09:35:14.928 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Found decoder for .Z at /bin/uncompress
Sep 17 09:35:14.928 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Internal decoder for .gz
Sep 17 09:35:14.928 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Found decoder for .gz at /bin/gzip -d (backup, not used)
Sep 17 09:35:14.929 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Found decoder for .bz2 at /bin/bzip2 -d
Sep 17 09:35:14.929 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No decoder for .lzo tried: lzop -d
Sep 17 09:35:14.929 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No decoder for .rpm tried: rpm2cpio.pl, rpm2cpio
Sep 17 09:35:14.929 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Found decoder for .cpio at /usr/bin/pax
Sep 17 09:35:14.930 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Found decoder for .cpio at /bin/cpio (backup, not used)
Sep 17 09:35:14.930 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Found decoder for .tar at /usr/bin/pax
Sep 17 09:35:14.930 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Found decoder for .tar at /bin/cpio (backup, not used)
Sep 17 09:35:14.930 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Found decoder for .deb at /usr/bin/ar
Sep 17 09:35:14.930 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Internal decoder for .zip
Sep 17 09:35:14.931 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No decoder for .7z tried: 7zr, 7za, 7z
Sep 17 09:35:14.931 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No decoder for .rar tried: unrar-free
Sep 17 09:35:14.931 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Found decoder for .arj at /usr/bin/arj
Sep 17 09:35:14.932 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Found decoder for .arc at /usr/bin/nomarch
Sep 17 09:35:14.932 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Found decoder for .zoo at /usr/bin/zoo
Sep 17 09:35:14.932 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No decoder for .lha
Sep 17 09:35:14.932 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No decoder for .doc tried: ripole
Sep 17 09:35:14.932 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Found decoder for .cab at /usr/bin/cabextract
Sep 17 09:35:14.932 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No decoder for .tnef
Sep 17 09:35:14.933 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Internal decoder for .tnef
Sep 17 09:35:14.933 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Found decoder for .exe at /usr/bin/arj
Sep 17 09:35:14.933 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Using primary internal av scanner code for ClamAV-clamd
Sep 17 09:35:14.933 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No primary av scanner: KasperskyLab AVP - aveclient
Sep 17 09:35:14.934 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No primary av scanner: KasperskyLab AntiViral Toolkit Pro (AVP)
Sep 17 09:35:14.934 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No primary av scanner: KasperskyLab AVPDaemonClient
Sep 17 09:35:14.934 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No primary av scanner: CentralCommand Vexira (new) vascan
Sep 17 09:35:14.935 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No primary av scanner: Avira AntiVir
Sep 17 09:35:14.935 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No primary av scanner: Command AntiVirus for Linux
Sep 17 09:35:14.935 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No primary av scanner: Symantec CarrierScan via Symantec CommandLineScanner
Sep 17 09:35:14.935 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No primary av scanner: Symantec AntiVirus Scan Engine
Sep 17 09:35:14.936 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No primary av scanner: F-Secure Antivirus for Linux servers
Sep 17 09:35:14.936 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No primary av scanner: CAI InoculateIT
Sep 17 09:35:14.936 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No primary av scanner: CAI eTrust Antivirus
Sep 17 09:35:14.936 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No primary av scanner: MkS_Vir for Linux (beta)
Sep 17 09:35:14.937 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No primary av scanner: MkS_Vir daemon
Sep 17 09:35:14.937 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No primary av scanner: ESET Software ESETS Command Line Interface
Sep 17 09:35:14.937 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No primary av scanner: ESET NOD32 for Linux File servers
Sep 17 09:35:14.937 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No primary av scanner: Norman Virus Control v5 / Linux
Sep 17 09:35:14.938 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No primary av scanner: Panda CommandLineSecure 9 for Linux
Sep 17 09:35:14.938 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No primary av scanner: NAI McAfee AntiVirus (uvscan)
Sep 17 09:35:14.938 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No primary av scanner: VirusBuster
Sep 17 09:35:14.938 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No primary av scanner: CyberSoft VFind
Sep 17 09:35:14.939 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No primary av scanner: avast! Antivirus
Sep 17 09:35:14.939 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No primary av scanner: Ikarus AntiVirus for Linux
Sep 17 09:35:14.939 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No primary av scanner: BitDefender
Sep 17 09:35:14.939 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No primary av scanner: BitDefender
Sep 17 09:35:14.940 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No primary av scanner: ArcaVir for Linux
Sep 17 09:35:14.940 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Found secondary av scanner ClamAV-clamscan at /usr/bin/clamscan
Sep 17 09:35:14.940 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No secondary av scanner: F-PROT Antivirus for UNIX
Sep 17 09:35:14.940 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No secondary av scanner: FRISK F-Prot Antivirus
Sep 17 09:35:14.940 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No secondary av scanner: Trend Micro FileScanner
Sep 17 09:35:14.941 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No secondary av scanner: drweb - DrWeb Antivirus
Sep 17 09:35:14.941 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: No secondary av scanner: Kaspersky Antivirus v5.5
Sep 17 09:35:14.941 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Using internal spam scanner code for SpamAssassin
Sep 17 09:35:14.949 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Creating db in /var/lib/amavis/db/; BerkeleyDB 0.39, libdb 4.8
Sep 17 09:35:14.960 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: initializing Mail::SpamAssassin
Sep 17 09:35:14.961 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: SpamAssassin debug facilities: info
Sep 17 09:35:20.556 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: SpamAssassin loaded plugins: AutoLearnThreshold, Bayes, BodyEval, Check, DKIM, DNSEval, FreeMail, HTMLEval, HTTPSMismatch, Hashcash, HeaderEval, ImageInfo, MIMEEval, MIMEHeader, Pyzor, Razor2, RelayEval, ReplaceTags, SPF, SpamCop, URIDNSBL, URIDetail, URIEval, VBounce, WLBLEval, WhiteListSubject
Sep 17 09:35:20.557 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: SpamControl: init_pre_fork on SpamAssassin done
Sep 17 09:35:20.558 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: extra modules loaded after daemonizing/chrooting: Mail/SpamAssassin/Plugin/FreeMail.pm
Sep 17 09:35:20.560 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Net::Server: Beginning prefork (2 processes)
Sep 17 09:35:20.560 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Net::Server: Starting "2" children
Sep 17 09:35:20.569 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24641]: Net::Server: Child Preforked (24641)
Sep 17 09:35:20.570 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24641]: entered child_init_hook
Sep 17 09:35:20.571 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24625]: Net::Server: Parent ready for children.
Sep 17 09:35:20.572 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24642]: Net::Server: Child Preforked (24642)
Sep 17 09:35:20.573 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24642]: entered child_init_hook
Sep 17 09:35:20.582 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24641]: TIMING [total 12 ms] - bdb-open: 12 (100%)100, rundown: 0 (0%)100
Sep 17 09:35:20.584 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24641]: SpamControl: init_child on SpamAssassin done
Sep 17 09:35:20.584 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24642]: TIMING [total 11 ms] - bdb-open: 11 (100%)100, rundown: 0 (0%)100
Sep 17 09:35:20.586 .example.com /usr/sbin/amavisd-new[24642]: SpamControl: init_child on SpamAssassin done
但是垃圾邮件过滤和病毒扫描没有发生。我没有在收到的邮件中看到任何 X-Spam 标头。我似乎无法弄清楚我做错了什么。如果有人有解决方案那就太好了。
我正在使用 UBUNTU-10.04 服务器版本
答案1
你/etc/postfix/main.cf至少应该有这一行：
content_filter=amavisfeed:[127.0.0.1]:10024
你应该/etc/postfix/master.cf有类似这样的内容：
amavisfeed unix - - n - 4 lmtp
你/etc/amavisd/amavisd.conf应该有这一行：
$max_servers = 4; # num of pre-forked children (2..15 is common), -m
此行中的数字 4 与您在 中写入的数字相同/etc/postfix/master.cf。