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如何使用 Nginx SSL 配置运行 Gunicorn 上游？

tag-icon • tag-icon nginx ssl gunicorn
如何使用 Nginx SSL 配置运行 Gunicorn 上游？

我有一个安装了 SSL 证书的 nginx 服务器。我想将所有请求上游传递到运行于 的 Gunicorn 服务器0.0.0.0:8000。但是，每当我运行 Gunicorn 服务器时，它都会出现错误，提示重定向循环过多。如果我通过 https 运行 gunicorn，则连接将变得安全，但它不会连接到 gunicorn 服务器，只会显示bad gateway。此外，这是我在使用 https 运行 gunicorn 时尝试连接时收到的错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/opt/bitnami/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 515, in spawn_worker
    worker.init_process()
  File "/opt/bitnami/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 126, in init_process
    self.run()
  File "/opt/bitnami/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/sync.py", line 119, in run
    self.run_for_one(timeout)
  File "/opt/bitnami/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/sync.py", line 66, in run_for_one
    self.accept(listener)
  File "/opt/bitnami/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/sync.py", line 30, in accept
    self.handle(listener, client, addr)
  File "/opt/bitnami/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/sync.py", line 141, in handle
    self.handle_error(req, client, addr, e)
  File "/opt/bitnami/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 213, in handle_error
    self.log.exception("Error handling request %s", req.uri)
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'uri'
[2016-01-01 15:37:45 +0000] [935] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 935)
[2016-01-01 20:37:45 +0000] [938] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 938
[2016-01-01 15:37:46 +0000] [938] [ERROR] Exception in worker process:

这是我的 nginx 配置：

  server {
    # port to listen on. Can also be set to an IP:PORT
    listen 80;
    listen 443 ssl;
    ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/pyhub_crt.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/pyhub.key;
    server_name www.pyhub.co;
    server_name_in_redirect off;
    access_log /opt/bitnami/nginx/logs/access.log;
    error_log /opt/bitnami/nginx/logs/error.log;
    location /E0130777F7D5B855A4C5DEB138808515.txt {
        root /home/bitnami;
    }

    location / {
    proxy_pass_header Server;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Scheme $scheme;
    proxy_set_header X-SSL-Protocal $ssl_protocol;
    proxy_connect_timeout 10;
    proxy_read_timeout 10;
    proxy_redirect http:// $scheme://;
    proxy_pass http://localhost:8000;
    }

答案1

如果 gunicorn 绑定到 0.0.0.0，则表示它已绑定到所有接口，因此它已暴露给外部接口。如果 nginx 尝试绑定到同一端口上的任何接口，则将失败。

Gunicorn 应该绑定到特定的 ip 或者更好的 127.0.0.1，因此它只绑定到内部 ip。

第二，你说你想将 https 传递给 gunicorn，但到你拥有证书的代理（即 ngninx）的流量受到 SSL 保护。此后，除非你在 gunicorn 上也设置了 SSL，否则流量在内部（即 http）到 gunicorn 是明文的。

因此，你的 nginx 配置应该包含：

  • gunicorn 的上游服务器，ip 为 127.0.0.1，端口为 8080，或任何您想要的。
  • 服务器指令监听端口 80（用于 http）和 443（用于 https）
  • 服务器块中的代理传递指令用于转发到上游

我的 nginx SSL 代理配置如下：

upstream website    {
    ip_hash;                        # for sticky sessions, more below
    server                          website:8000 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=10s;
}

server {
    # only listen to https here
    listen                          443 ssl http2;
    listen                          [::]:443 ssl http2;
    server_name                     yourdomain.here.com;

    access_log                      /var/log/nginx/yourdomain.here.com.access.log;
    error_log                       /var/log/nginx/yourdomain.here.com.error.log;
    ssl                             on;
    ssl_certificate                 /etc/nginx/certs/ca-cert.chained.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key             /etc/nginx/certs/cert.key;
    ssl_session_cache               shared:SSL:5m;
    ssl_session_timeout             10m;
    ssl_protocols                   TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers       on;
    #ssl_dhparam                     /etc/nginx/certs/dhparams.pem;
    # use the line above if you generated a dhparams file 
    ssl_ciphers                     'ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-DSS-AES128-GCM-SHA256:kEDH+AESGCM:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:DHE-DSS-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256:DHE-DSS-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:AES128-GCM-SHA256:AES256-GCM-SHA384:AES128-SHA256:AES256-SHA256:AES128-SHA:AES256-SHA:AES:CAMELLIA:DES-CBC3-SHA:!aNULL:!eNULL:!EXPORT:!DES:!RC4:!MD5:!PSK:!aECDH:!EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA:!EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:!KRB5-DES-CBC3-SHA';
    ssl_buffer_size                 8k;

    location / {
        proxy_pass                  http://website;
        proxy_set_header            Host $host;
        proxy_set_header            X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_http_version          1.1;

        proxy_set_header            X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header            X-Forwarded-Proto http;
        proxy_redirect              http:// $scheme://;
    }
}

# redirect http to https here
server {
    listen                          80;
    listen                          [::]:80;
    server_name                     yourdomain.here.com;
    return                          301 https://$server_name/;
}

答案2

尝试这个：

upstream app_server {
    server 127.0.0.1:8000 fail_timeout=0;
}

server {
    # port to listen on. Can also be set to an IP:PORT
    listen 80;
    listen 443 ssl;

    ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/pyhub_crt.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/pyhub.key;

    server_name www.pyhub.co;
    server_name_in_redirect off;

    access_log /opt/bitnami/nginx/logs/access.log;
    error_log /opt/bitnami/nginx/logs/error.log;

    location /E0130777F7D5B855A4C5DEB138808515.txt {
        root /home/bitnami;
    }

    location / {
        try_files @proxy_to_app;
    }

    location @proxy_to_app {
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        proxy_redirect off;

        proxy_pass http://app_server;

        proxy_pass_header Server;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Scheme $scheme;
        proxy_set_header X-SSL-Protocol $ssl_protocol;
    }
}

请注意，这将（正确地）终止 SSL 于nginx而不是gunicorn。您还拼错了Protocal；X-SSL-Protocal已在我的示例中修复 :)

看这里gunicorn有关使用 进行部署的规范信息nginx。

答案3

我应该早就发布这个答案，因为我的网站已经运行了很长一段时间了。但下面是我如何使我的配置正常工作的。

在对 Nginx 配置进行了大量调整后，我感到非常沮丧，于是放弃了。因此，我删除了该服务器，重新安装了所有东西，并从托管它的存储库克隆了我网站的源代码。完成此操作后，我使用以下 Nginx 配置使其正常工作：

  upstream djangosite {
    server 127.0.0.1:8000 fail_timeout=2s;
  }
  server {
    # port to listen on. Can also be set to an IP:PORT
    listen 443 ssl;
    server_name pyhub.co;
    ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/pyhub.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/pyhub.key;
    location / {
      proxy_pass http://djangosite;
    }
  server {
    listen 80;
    server_name pyhub.co;
    return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
  }

直到今天，我仍然不知道是什么导致了我的配置问题，或者为什么我必须获得另一台全新安装的服务器，但我很高兴它能正常工作。我会选择已经提供的两个优秀答案中的一个，但它们都没有给我解决方案，我不想选择我自己的，因为我认为我遇到的问题太具体了，选择这个答案可能无法在将来帮助很多人。

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