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匹配文件中两个字符串之间的第一个文本块

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匹配文件中两个字符串之间的第一个文本块

我正在尝试匹配只有第一个两个字符串“menuentry”和“}”之间的文本块来自如下文件：

输入文件：

(some irrelevant text)
menuentry 'My Customized Linux, with Linux 3.10.0-229.14.1.el7.x86_64' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-229.14.1.el7.x86_64-advanced-/dev/mapper/sysvg-lv_root' {
        load_video
        set gfxpayload=keep
        insmod gzio
        insmod part_msdos
        insmod xfs
        set root='hd0,msdos1'
        if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 --hint='hd0,msdos1'  2e420275-8578-449d-9217-ce6d9ae35f70
        else
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 2e420275-8578-449d-9217-ce6d9ae35f70
        fi
        linux16 /vmlinuz-3.10.0-229.14.1.el7.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/sysvg-lv_root ro  nomodeset rd.lvm.lv=sysvg/lv_swap vconsole.keymap=us rd.lvm.lv=sysvg/lv_root vconsole.font=latarcyrheb-sun16 rootfstype=xfs crashkernel=auto quiet LANG=en_US.UTF-8
        initrd16 /initramfs-3.10.0-229.14.1.el7.x86_64.img
}
menuentry 'My Customized Linux (Rescue)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-0-rescue-2e4c8e37e48347b0b4fa7095fbd707db-advanced-/dev/mapper/sysvg-lv_root' {
        load_video
        insmod gzio
        insmod part_msdos
        insmod xfs
        set root='hd0,msdos1'
        if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 --hint='hd0,msdos1'  2e420275-8578-449d-9217-ce6d9ae35f70
        else
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 2e420275-8578-449d-9217-ce6d9ae35f70
        fi
        linux16 /vmlinuz-0-rescue-2e4c8e37e48347b0b4fa7095fbd707db root=/dev/mapper/sysvg-lv_root ro  nomodeset rd.lvm.lv=sysvg/lv_swap vconsole.keymap=us rd.lvm.lv=sysvg/lv_root vconsole.font=latarcyrheb-sun16 rootfstype=xfs crashkernel=auto quiet
        initrd16 /initramfs-0-rescue-2e4c8e37e48347b0b4fa7095fbd707db.img
}
(some more irrelevant text)

输出应该是：

menuentry 'My Customized Linux, with Linux 3.10.0-229.14.1.el7.x86_64' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-229.14.1.el7.x86_64-advanced-/dev/mapper/sysvg-lv_root' {
            load_video
            set gfxpayload=keep
            insmod gzio
            insmod part_msdos
            insmod xfs
            set root='hd0,msdos1'
            if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
              search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 --hint='hd0,msdos1'  2e420275-8578-449d-9217-ce6d9ae35f70
            else
              search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 2e420275-8578-449d-9217-ce6d9ae35f70
            fi
            linux16 /vmlinuz-3.10.0-229.14.1.el7.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/sysvg-lv_root ro  nomodeset rd.lvm.lv=sysvg/lv_swap vconsole.keymap=us rd.lvm.lv=sysvg/lv_root vconsole.font=latarcyrheb-sun16 rootfstype=xfs crashkernel=auto quiet LANG=en_US.UTF-8
            initrd16 /initramfs-3.10.0-229.14.1.el7.x86_64.img

}

我使用 sed 来实现这一点，如下所示：

sed -n '/^menuentry /,/^}$/p;' /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

但始终获取第一个“menuentry”和最后一个“}”之间的整个文本

    [root@ball ~]# sed -n '/^menuentry /,/^}$/p;' /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
menuentry 'My Customized Linux, with Linux 3.10.0-229.14.1.el7.x86_64' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-229.14.1.el7.x86_64-advanced-/dev/mapper/sysvg-lv_root' {
        load_video
        set gfxpayload=keep
        insmod gzio
        insmod part_msdos
        insmod xfs
        set root='hd0,msdos1'
        if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 --hint='hd0,msdos1'  2e420275-8578-449d-9217-ce6d9ae35f70
        else
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 2e420275-8578-449d-9217-ce6d9ae35f70
        fi
        linux16 /vmlinuz-3.10.0-229.14.1.el7.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/sysvg-lv_root ro  nomodeset rd.lvm.lv=sysvg/lv_swap vconsole.keymap=us rd.lvm.lv=sysvg/lv_root vconsole.font=latarcyrheb-sun16 rootfstype=xfs crashkernel=auto quiet LANG=en_US.UTF-8
        initrd16 /initramfs-3.10.0-229.14.1.el7.x86_64.img
}
menuentry 'My Customized Linux (Rescue)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-0-rescue-2e4c8e37e48347b0b4fa7095fbd707db-advanced-/dev/mapper/sysvg-lv_root' {
        load_video
        insmod gzio
        insmod part_msdos
        insmod xfs
        set root='hd0,msdos1'
        if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 --hint='hd0,msdos1'  2e420275-8578-449d-9217-ce6d9ae35f70
        else
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 2e420275-8578-449d-9217-ce6d9ae35f70
        fi
        linux16 /vmlinuz-0-rescue-2e4c8e37e48347b0b4fa7095fbd707db root=/dev/mapper/sysvg-lv_root ro  nomodeset rd.lvm.lv=sysvg/lv_swap vconsole.keymap=us rd.lvm.lv=sysvg/lv_root vconsole.font=latarcyrheb-sun16 rootfstype=xfs crashkernel=auto quiet
        initrd16 /initramfs-0-rescue-2e4c8e37e48347b0b4fa7095fbd707db.img
}

有任何想法吗？

答案1

一行 sed

sed -n '/^menuentry/,/\}$/{p;/^\}$/q}'

/^\}$/q表示“如果该行与模式匹配/^\}$/则退出”

答案2

这对我来说可以使用多次传递

sed -n '/^menuentry /,$p' /boot/grub2/grub.cfg | tr '\n' '~' | sed 's/~menuentry.*//' | tr '~' '\n'

解释

  • sed -n '/^menuentry /,$p' /boot/grub2/grub.cfg- 删除文件头部直到第一个menuentry
  • tr '\n' '~'- 将输出转换为单行
  • sed 's/~menuentry.*//'- 使用 sed 删除从 \nmenuentry（现在是~menuentry）到字符串末尾的部分
  • tr '~' '\n'- 将字符串恢复为多行输出

答案3

如果 Perl 可以做到...

    perl -lne '$p=1 if(/^menuentry/);print if $p;exit if (/^}$/)' /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

给出

menuentry 'My Customized Linux, with Linux 3.10.0-229.14.1.el7.x86_64' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-229.14.1.el7.x86_64-advanced-/dev/mapper/sysvg-lv_root' {
        load_video
        set gfxpayload=keep
        insmod gzio
        insmod part_msdos
        insmod xfs
        set root='hd0,msdos1'
        if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 --hint='hd0,msdos1'  2e420275-8578-449d-9217-ce6d9ae35f70
        else
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 2e420275-8578-449d-9217-ce6d9ae35f70
        fi
        linux16 /vmlinuz-3.10.0-229.14.1.el7.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/sysvg-lv_root ro  nomodeset rd.lvm.lv=sysvg/lv_swap vconsole.keymap=us rd.lvm.lv=sysvg/lv_root vconsole.font=latarcyrheb-sun16 rootfstype=xfs crashkernel=auto quiet LANG=en_US.UTF-8
        initrd16 /initramfs-3.10.0-229.14.1.el7.x86_64.img
}

或这个：

perl -lne 'BEGIN{$/="\nmenuentry "};if($.==2){print $/,$_;last}' /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

（此版本将 perl 行分割设置为以 menuentry 行的开始结束，然后打印您实际上想要的“第二”节。

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