我有一个 Debian 8 Jessie 服务器，需要连接到我的家庭网络，并且我在家里的 pfSense 2.2 盒子上使用 OpenVPN 服务器。我在旧的 Debian 版本下已经做得很好了，所以我猜我错过了一些关于 systemd 如何控制服务的新东西......
我拥有我需要的一切/etc/openvpn/，并进行了合理的简单设置：
client
dev tun
proto udp
remote home.dynamic-domain.com 1194
resolv-retry infinite
nobind
user nobody
group nobody
persist-tun
persist-key
ca /etc/openvpn/ca.crt
cert /etc/openvpn/hostname.crt
key /etc/openvpn/hostname.key
tls-auth /etc/openvpn/tls.key 1
cipher "AES-256-CBC"
comp-lzo
verb 3
并且相关证书/密钥存在且正确。
手动调出配置效果很好：
~# openvpn --config /etc/openvpn/servervpn.conf
Sat Jun 27 13:26:08 2015 OpenVPN 2.3.4 x86_64-pc-linux-gnu [SSL (OpenSSL)] [LZO] [EPOLL] [PKCS11] [MH] [IPv6] built on Dec 1 2014
Sat Jun 27 13:26:08 2015 library versions: OpenSSL 1.0.1k 8 Jan 2015, LZO 2.08
Sat Jun 27 13:26:08 2015 WARNING: No server certificate verification method has been enabled. See http://openvpn.net/howto.html#mitm for more info.
Sat Jun 27 13:26:08 2015 Control Channel Authentication: using '/etc/openvpn/servervpn/tls.key' as a OpenVPN static key file
Sat Jun 27 13:26:08 2015 Outgoing Control Channel Authentication: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication
Sat Jun 27 13:26:08 2015 Incoming Control Channel Authentication: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication
Sat Jun 27 13:26:08 2015 Socket Buffers: R=[212992->131072] S=[212992->131072]
Sat Jun 27 13:26:08 2015 NOTE: UID/GID downgrade will be delayed because of --client, --pull, or --up-delay
Sat Jun 27 13:26:08 2015 UDPv4 link local: [undef]
Sat Jun 27 13:26:08 2015 UDPv4 link remote: [AF_INET]x.x.x.x:1194
Sat Jun 27 13:26:08 2015 TLS: Initial packet from [AF_INET]x.x.x.x:1194, sid=531d85a9 2201aab6
Sat Jun 27 13:26:08 2015 VERIFY OK: depth=1, xxxxxxxx
Sat Jun 27 13:26:08 2015 VERIFY OK: depth=0, xxxxxxxx
Sat Jun 27 13:26:13 2015 Data Channel Encrypt: Cipher 'AES-256-CBC' initialized with 256 bit key
Sat Jun 27 13:26:13 2015 Data Channel Encrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication
Sat Jun 27 13:26:13 2015 Data Channel Decrypt: Cipher 'AES-256-CBC' initialized with 256 bit key
Sat Jun 27 13:26:13 2015 Data Channel Decrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication
Sat Jun 27 13:26:13 2015 Control Channel: TLSv1, cipher TLSv1/SSLv3 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, 2048 bit RSA
Sat Jun 27 13:26:13 2015 [hm-py-router-01] Peer Connection Initiated with [AF_INET]188.78.154.7:11193
Sat Jun 27 13:26:15 2015 SENT CONTROL [hm-py-router-01]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1)
Sat Jun 27 13:26:15 2015 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0,topology net30,ping 5,ping-restart 60,ifconfig 192.168.11.6 192.168.11.5'
Sat Jun 27 13:26:15 2015 OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified
Sat Jun 27 13:26:15 2015 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified
Sat Jun 27 13:26:15 2015 OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified
Sat Jun 27 13:26:15 2015 ROUTE_GATEWAY 176.126.240.1/255.255.248.0 IFACE=eth0 HWADDR=00:16:3c:89:81:e0
Sat Jun 27 13:26:15 2015 TUN/TAP device tun0 opened
Sat Jun 27 13:26:15 2015 TUN/TAP TX queue length set to 100
Sat Jun 27 13:26:15 2015 do_ifconfig, tt->ipv6=0, tt->did_ifconfig_ipv6_setup=0
Sat Jun 27 13:26:15 2015 /sbin/ip link set dev tun0 up mtu 1500
Sat Jun 27 13:26:15 2015 /sbin/ip addr add dev tun0 local 192.168.11.6 peer 192.168.11.5
Sat Jun 27 13:26:15 2015 /sbin/ip route add 192.168.10.0/24 via 192.168.11.5
Sat Jun 27 13:26:15 2015 GID set to nogroup
Sat Jun 27 13:26:15 2015 UID set to nobody
Sat Jun 27 13:26:15 2015 Initialization Sequence Completed
^CSat Jun 27 13:28:17 2015 event_wait : Interrupted system call (code=4)
Sat Jun 27 13:28:17 2015 /sbin/ip route del 192.168.11.1/32
RTNETLINK answers: Operation not permitted
Sat Jun 27 13:28:17 2015 ERROR: Linux route delete command failed: external program exited with error status: 2
Sat Jun 27 13:28:17 2015 /sbin/ip route del 192.168.51.0/24
RTNETLINK answers: Operation not permitted
Sat Jun 27 13:28:17 2015 ERROR: Linux route delete command failed: external program exited with error status: 2
Sat Jun 27 13:28:17 2015 Closing TUN/TAP interface
Sat Jun 27 13:28:17 2015 /sbin/ip addr del dev tun0 local 192.168.11.6 peer 192.168.11.5
RTNETLINK answers: Operation not permitted
Sat Jun 27 13:28:17 2015 Linux ip addr del failed: external program exited with error status: 2
Sat Jun 27 13:28:17 2015 SIGINT[hard,] received, process exiting
不幸的是，将 openvpn 作为服务启动似乎并没有打开隧道，也没有做我能看到的任何事情......
~# systemctl start openvpn.service
~# systemctl status openvpn.service
● openvpn.service - OpenVPN service
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/openvpn.service; enabled)
Active: active (exited) since Sat 2015-06-27 13:29:12 EDT; 4min 3s ago
Process: 13873 ExecStart=/bin/true (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 13873 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
CGroup: /system.slice/openvpn.service
隧道似乎永远不会出现......所以我也尝试“旧”方式：
~# /etc/init.d/openvpn start
[ ok ] Starting openvpn (via systemctl): openvpn.service.
~# /etc/init.d/openvpn status
● openvpn.service - OpenVPN service
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/openvpn.service; enabled)
Active: active (exited) since Sat 2015-06-27 13:09:12 EDT; 8min ago
Process: 13873 ExecStart=/bin/true (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 13873 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
CGroup: /system.slice/openvpn.service
但无论如何，SysV 初始化脚本似乎只是调用 systemctrl 。
我浏览了 OpenVPN 的 Debian wiki 页面，当作为服务运行时，它应该解析*.conf/etc/openvpn 中的任何文件并调出接口，除非在/etc/default/openvpn.
不确定我的下一步。
答案1
作为我之前说过:
我猜我错过了一些有关 systemd 如何控制服务的新内容。
是的，并且在顶部的评论中对此进行了解释/lib/systemd/system/openvpn.service。正如另一位提问者所做的那样，您正在调用系统 5rc直接调用 System 5 脚本。 不要rc直接调用 System 5 脚本，尤其是在 System 5 的系统上rc脚本，尤其是在不使用，例如 Debian 版本 8。
OpenVPN 是 systemd 下的一项模板化服务——无论是 Fedora、Ubuntu 还是 Debian Linux。这些服务被命名为.所以你应该开始你的openvpn@config.service/etc/openvpn/servervpn.conf实例
系统控制启动[电子邮件受保护]
进一步阅读
答案2
您应该安装 uml-utilities 包。