我在这里找到了很多关于自己设置 AWS 服务器的信息。
我安装了 DKIM 补丁，它工作得很好，但现在我无法发送邮件。我之前发送邮件时就遇到问题，但现在问题更严重了。我发送了一些邮件，并测试了我的 DKIM 签名，但现在我不知道发生了什么……
ISPConfig 版本为 3.0.5.4p9，适用于 Ubuntu 14.04.4 LTS
您可以在此处查看 mail.log：
May 1 20:55:17 dingalin postfix/smtpd[3235]: connect from unknown[206.132.109.65]
May 1 20:55:18 dingalin postfix/smtpd[3235]: NOQUEUE: filter: RCPT from unknown[206.132.109.65]: <[email protected]>: Sender address triggers FILTER amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10026; from=<[email protected]> to=<[email protected]> proto=ESMTP helo=<[127.0.0.1]>
May 1 20:55:18 dingalin postfix/smtpd[3235]: A7CD1606D7: client=unknown[206.132.109.65], sasl_method=PLAIN, [email protected]
May 1 20:55:29 dingalin dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<[email protected]>, method=PLAIN, rip=206.132.109.65, lip=172.31.20.52, mpid=3273, TLS, session=<gHdZnNAxmgDOhG1B>
May 1 20:55:34 dingalin postfix/cleanup[3271]: A7CD1606D7: message-id=<[email protected]>
May 1 20:55:34 dingalin postfix/qmgr[2357]: A7CD1606D7: from=<[email protected]>, size=12483, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
May 1 20:55:34 dingalin postfix/qmgr[2357]: warning: connect to transport private/amavis: Connection refused
May 1 20:55:34 dingalin postfix/error[3274]: A7CD1606D7: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=17, delays=16/0/0/0, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (mail transport unavailable)
May 1 20:55:36 dingalin postfix/smtpd[3235]: disconnect from unknown[206.132.109.65]
我已经阅读了许多有同样问题的教程和论坛，但我仍然停留在那里。
显然问题是“警告：连接到传输私人/amavis：连接被拒绝”
我从 Thunderbird 和 SquirrelMail 获得了相同的结果。该过程成功完成，没有错误，但电子邮件从未离开队列
我的 /etc/postfix/master.cf
#
# Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format
# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master" or
# on-line: http://www.postfix.org/master.5.html).
#
# Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file.
#
# ==========================================================================
# service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args
# (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
smtp inet n - n - - smtpd
-o content_filter=smtp-amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024
#smtp inet n - - - 1 postscreen
smtpd pass - - - - - smtpd
#dnsblog unix - - - - 0 dnsblog
#tlsproxy unix - - - - 0 tlsproxy
submission inet n - n - - smtpd
-o content_filter=smtp-amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024
# -o syslog_name=postfix/submission
-o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
# -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
# -o cleanup_service_name=subcleanup
smtps inet n - - - - smtpd
-o content_filter=smtp-amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024
-o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
-o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#628 inet n - - - - qmqpd
pickup unix n - - 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup
qmgr unix n - n 300 1 qmgr
#qmgr unix n - n 300 1 oqmgr
tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce
defer unix - - - - 0 bounce
trace unix - - - - 0 bounce
verify unix - - - - 1 verify
flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - - - - smtp
relay unix - - - - - smtp
# -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq unix n - - - - showq
error unix - - - - - error
retry unix - - - - - error
discard unix - - - - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp
anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil
scache unix - - - - 1 scache
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d vmail ${extension} ${recipient} ${user} ${nexthop} ${sender}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.
#
# Specify in cyrus.conf:
# lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4
#
# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:
# mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
# virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
# Old example of delivery via Cyrus.
#
#old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
uucp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
mailman unix - n n - - pipe
flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
${nexthop} ${user}
dovecot unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DROhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -f ${sender} -d ${user}@${nexthop}
smtp-amavis unix - - - - 2 smtp
-o smtp_data_done_timeout=1200
-o smtp_send_xforward_command=yes
-o disable_dns_lookups=yes
-o max_use=20
subcleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup
-o header_checks=pcre:/etc/postfix/smtp_header_checks
127.0.0.1:10025 inet n - - - - smtpd
-o content_filter=
-o local_recipient_maps=
-o relay_recipient_maps=
-o smtpd_restriction_classes=
-o smtpd_delay_reject=no
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject
-o smtpd_helo_restrictions=
-o smtpd_sender_restrictions=
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject
-o smtpd_data_restrictions=reject_unauth_pipelining
-o smtpd_end_of_data_restrictions=
-o mynetworks=127.0.0.0/8
-o smtpd_error_sleep_time=0
-o smtpd_soft_error_limit=1001
-o smtpd_hard_error_limit=1000
-o smtpd_client_connection_count_limit=0
-o smtpd_client_connection_rate_limit=0
-o receive_override_options=no_header_body_checks,no_unknown_recipient_checks
127.0.0.1:10027 inet n - n - - smtpd
-o content_filter=
-o local_recipient_maps=
-o relay_recipient_maps=
-o smtpd_restriction_classes=
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=
-o smtpd_helo_restrictions=
-o smtpd_sender_restrictions=
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject
-o mynetworks=127.0.0.0/8
-o strict_rfc821_envelopes=yes
-o receive_override_options=no_unknown_recipient_checks,no_header_body_checks
-o smtp_send_xforward_command=yes
-o milter_default_action=accept
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
我的 /etc/postfix/main.cf
# See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version
# Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first
# line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default
# is /etc/mailname.
mydomain = dingalin.com
biff = no
# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
append_dot_mydomain = no
# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
#delay_warning_time = 4h
readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix
# TLS parameters
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.cert
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.key
smtpd_use_tls = yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
# See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for
# information on enabling SSL in the smtp client.
smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated defer_unauth_destination
# myhostname = ip-172-31-20-52.sa-east-1.compute.internal ESTA JODE
#myhostname = dingalin.com
myhostname = mail.dingalin.com
smtpd_banner = $myhostname
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases, hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases, hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/aliases
#myorigin = /etc/mailname
myorigin = $mydomain
mydestination = $mydomain, localhost.$mydomain, localhost
#mydestination = $myhostname, /etc/postfix/virtual/domains
#mydestination = localhost
# mydestination = dingalin.com ESTA NO FUNCIONA
# mydestination = mail.dingalin.com
relayhost =
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = all
html_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix/html
#virtual_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual/addresses
#virtual_alias_domains = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual_domains
virtual_alias_maps = hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/virtual-mailman, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_forwardings.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_email2email.cf
virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_domains.cf
virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailboxes.cf
virtual_mailbox_base = /var/vmail
virtual_uid_maps = static:5000
virtual_gid_maps = static:5000
inet_protocols = all
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination, check_recipient_access mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_recipient.cf
smtpd_tls_security_level = may
transport_maps = hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/transport-mailman, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_transports.cf
relay_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_relaydomains.cf
relay_recipient_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_relayrecipientmaps.cf
proxy_read_maps = $local_recipient_maps $mydestination $virtual_alias_maps $virtual_alias_domains $virtual_mailbox_maps $virtual_mailbox_domains $relay_recipient_maps $relay_domains $canonical_maps $sender_canonical_maps $recipient_canonical_maps $relocated_maps $transport_maps $mynetworks
smtpd_sender_restrictions = check_sender_access regexp:/etc/postfix/tag_as_originating.re, permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, check_sender_access mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_sender.cf, check_sender_access regexp:/etc/postfix/tag_as_foreign.re
smtpd_client_restrictions = check_client_access mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_client.cf
smtpd_client_message_rate_limit = 100
maildrop_destination_concurrency_limit = 1
maildrop_destination_recipient_limit = 1
virtual_transport = dovecot
header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/header_checks
mime_header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/mime_header_checks
nested_header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/nested_header_checks
body_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/body_checks
owner_request_special = no
smtp_tls_security_level = may
smtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3
smtpd_tls_protocols = !SSLv2,!SSLv3
smtp_tls_protocols = !SSLv2,!SSLv3
dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
content_filter = amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024
receive_override_options = no_address_mappings
# DKIM
# --------------------------------------
milter_default_action = accept
milter_protocol = 6
#smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:8891, inet:127.0.0.1:8891, inet:127.0.0.1:12768
smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:8891
non_smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:8891
#message_size_limit = 0
#mailbox_command = procmail -a "$EXTENSION"
message_size_limit = 0[/CODE]
netstat -tap
[CODE]Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 localhost:10027 *:* LISTEN 2352/master
tcp 0 0 *:submission *:* LISTEN 2352/master
tcp 0 0 localhost:11211 *:* LISTEN 2199/memcached
tcp 0 0 *:pop3 *:* LISTEN 1032/dovecot
tcp 0 0 *:imap2 *:* LISTEN 1032/dovecot
tcp 0 0 localhost:spamd *:* LISTEN 1179/spamd.pid
tcp 0 0 *:urd *:* LISTEN 2352/master
tcp 0 0 *:ftp *:* LISTEN 2376/pure-ftpd (SER
tcp 0 0 172.31.20.52:domain *:* LISTEN 1098/named
tcp 0 0 localhost:domain *:* LISTEN 1098/named
tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN 1036/sshd
tcp 0 0 *:smtp *:* LISTEN 2352/master
tcp 0 0 localhost:953 *:* LISTEN 1098/named
tcp 0 0 localhost:8891 *:* LISTEN 2216/opendkim
tcp 0 0 *:imaps *:* LISTEN 1032/dovecot
tcp 0 0 *:pop3s *:* LISTEN 1032/dovecot
tcp 0 0 localhost:10024 *:* LISTEN 1173/amavisd-new (m
tcp 0 0 localhost:10025 *:* LISTEN 2352/master
tcp 0 0 localhost:10026 *:* LISTEN 1173/amavisd-new (m
tcp 0 0 *:mysql *:* LISTEN 1106/mysqld
tcp 0 0 172.31.20.52:imap2 206.132.109.65:49337 ESTABLISHED 2784/imap-login
tcp 0 0 172.31.20.52:imap2 206.132.109.65:50213 ESTABLISHED 3585/imap-login
tcp 0 0 172.31.20.52:imap2 206.132.109.65:50450 ESTABLISHED 3934/imap-login
tcp 0 0 172.31.20.52:ssh 206.132.109.65:65344 ESTABLISHED 2457/sshd: ubuntu [
tcp 0 0 172.31.20.52:imap2 206.132.109.65:49448 ESTABLISHED 2993/imap-login
tcp 0 464 172.31.20.52:ssh 206.132.109.65:50451 ESTABLISHED 3951/sshd: ubuntu [
tcp 0 0 172.31.20.52:imap2 206.132.109.65:49362 ESTABLISHED 2827/imap-login
tcp6 0 0 [::]:submission [::]:* LISTEN 2352/master
tcp6 0 0 [::]:pop3 [::]:* LISTEN 1032/dovecot
tcp6 0 0 [::]:imap2 [::]:* LISTEN 1032/dovecot
tcp6 0 0 ip6-localhost:spamd [::]:* LISTEN 1179/spamd.pid
tcp6 0 0 [::]:http-alt [::]:* LISTEN 2565/apache2
tcp6 0 0 [::]:http [::]:* LISTEN 2565/apache2
tcp6 0 0 [::]:tproxy [::]:* LISTEN 2565/apache2
tcp6 0 0 [::]:urd [::]:* LISTEN 2352/master
tcp6 0 0 [::]:ftp [::]:* LISTEN 2376/pure-ftpd (SER
tcp6 0 0 [::]:domain [::]:* LISTEN 1098/named
tcp6 0 0 [::]:ssh [::]:* LISTEN 1036/sshd
tcp6 0 0 [::]:smtp [::]:* LISTEN 2352/master
tcp6 0 0 ip6-localhost:953 [::]:* LISTEN 1098/named
tcp6 0 0 [::]:https [::]:* LISTEN 2565/apache2
tcp6 0 0 [::]:imaps [::]:* LISTEN 1032/dovecot
tcp6 0 0 [::]:pop3s [::]:* LISTEN 1032/dovecot
答案1
看起来你这里有拼写错误。查看错误消息
warning: connect to transport private/amavis: Connection refused
您指示 postfix 通过传输发送电子邮件amavis，但在您的master.cf，您定义传输smtp-amavis
smtp-amavis unix - - - - 2 smtp
...
amavis检查您是否在配置的其他地方定义了传输。例如在你的main.cf
content_filter = amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024
或目录中的其他地图文件中/etc/postfix。