一位同事为我提供了一个 ssh 密钥,以便我将它添加到authorized_keys
Linux 服务器上的帐户文件中,以便他们可以访问该帐户。
该文件看起来是这样的:
---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----
Comment: "rsa-key-20160816"
AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABJQAAAQEApoYJFnGDNis/2oCT6/h9Lzz2y0BVHLv8joXM
s4SYcYUVwBxNzqJsDWbikBn/h32AC36qAW24Bft+suGMtJGS3oSX53qR7ozsXs/D
lCO5FzRxi4JodStiYaz/pPK24WFOb4sLXr758tz2u+ZP2lfDfzn9nLxregZvO9m+
zpToLCWlXrzjZxDesJOcfh/eszU9KUKXfXn6Jsey7ej8TYqB2DgYCfv8jGm+oLVe
UOLEl7fxzjgcDdiLaXbqq7dFoOsHUABBV6kaXyE9LmkbXZB9lQ==
---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----
(好吧,sshd)的手册页authorized_keys
明确指出,该文件要求每个密钥占用一行。所以我想我需要将此密钥转换为单行格式?我该如何做到这一点?
答案1
这个问题有一个可以接受的答案,但我认为值得注意的是,有一种方法可以使用工具ssh-keygen
而不是sed
:
ssh-keygen -i -f ssh2.pub > openssh.pub
您现有的 ssh2 密钥在哪里ssh2.pub
?openssh.pub 将是 openssh 格式的密钥。如果您只想复制和粘贴,则可以省略重定向并使用:
ssh-keygen -i -f ssh2.pub
答案2
- 删除
BEGIN
和END
行 - 可选择删除该
Comment
行(如果您想稍后将其添加为注释,可以记下此行) - 删除所有剩余的换行符
- 在行首添加文本“ssh-rsa”
现在关键的是:
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABJQAAAQEApoYJFnGDNis/2oCT6/h9Lzz2y0BVHLv8joXMs4SYcYUVwBxNzqJsDWbikBn/h32AC36qAW24Bft+suGMtJGS3oSX53qR7ozsXs/DlCO5FzRxi4JodStiYaz/pPK24WFOb4sLXr758tz2u+ZP2lfDfzn9nLxregZvO9m+zpToLCWlXrzjZxDesJOcfh/eszU9KUKXfXn6Jsey7ej8TYqB2DgYCfv8jGm+oLVeUOLEl7fxzjgcDdiLaXbqq7dFoOsHUABBV6kaXyE9LmkbXZB9lQ== rsa-key-20160816
除了附加注释之外,这一行代码将完成上述所有操作(假设 GNU sed
):
sed key.pub -e 's/---- B.*/ssh-rsa /;/Comment:/d;'|sed ':a;N;$!ba;s/\n//g;s/---.*//'
答案3
总结
对于您提供的示例密钥(由 PuTTY 输出):
---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----
Comment: "rsa-key-20160816"
AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABJQAAAQEApoYJFnGDNis/2oCT6/h9Lzz2y0BVHLv8joXM
s4SYcYUVwBxNzqJsDWbikBn/h32AC36qAW24Bft+suGMtJGS3oSX53qR7ozsXs/D
lCO5FzRxi4JodStiYaz/pPK24WFOb4sLXr758tz2u+ZP2lfDfzn9nLxregZvO9m+
zpToLCWlXrzjZxDesJOcfh/eszU9KUKXfXn6Jsey7ej8TYqB2DgYCfv8jGm+oLVe
UOLEl7fxzjgcDdiLaXbqq7dFoOsHUABBV6kaXyE9LmkbXZB9lQ==
---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----
单行格式(例如 预期authorized_keys
)为:
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABJQAAAQEApoYJFnGDNis/2oCT6/h9Lzz2y0BVHLv8joXM
s4SYcYUVwBxNzqJsDWbikBn/h32AC36qAW24Bft+suGMtJGS3oSX53qR7ozsXs/D
lCO5FzRxi4JodStiYaz/pPK24WFOb4sLXr758tz2u+ZP2lfDfzn9nLxregZvO9m+
zpToLCWlXrzjZxDesJOcfh/eszU9KUKXfXn6Jsey7ej8TYqB2DgYCfv8jGm+oLVe
UOLEl7fxzjgcDdiLaXbqq7dFoOsHUABBV6kaXyE9LmkbXZB9lQ==
这里没有神奇的命令来转换。如果你仔细看,我只是删除了几行,删除了换行符,并在前面加上了ssh-rsa
解释
putty 使用的默认格式定义在RFC4716。
从 开始man ssh-keygen
,ssh-keygen
支持 3x 格式:
- RFC4716
- PKCS8
- 质子交换膜
-m key_format Specify a key format for the -i (import) or -e (export) conver‐ sion options. The supported key formats are: “RFC4716” (RFC 4716/SSH2 public or private key), “PKCS8” (PEM PKCS8 public key) or “PEM” (PEM public key). The default conversion format is “RFC4716”. Setting a format of “PEM” when generating or updating a supported private key type will cause the key to be stored in the legacy PEM private key format.
和PuTTY使用的默认值ssh-keygen
实际上是相同的(RFC4716),只是文件id_rsa.pub
将其放在一行上,这正是authorized_keys
文件所期望的。
示例键
例如,我将在 Debian 10 中生成一个新密钥:
user@disp8452:~$ ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/user/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/user/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/user/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:lrwmOoBF1PEtDbbVkFwREgWqdJlH5ViEYzQpUAyPyNY user@disp8452
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| ...+*+oX&Oo |
| ..o.=o@B*. |
| .+ E Xo=.. |
| ... o + . |
| o . S |
|. . . . |
| . . o |
| .. o |
| .. |
+----[SHA256]-----+
user@disp8452:~$ cat /home/user/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQCzU4exWqu4tsgWIJleq1AJ98cGHswD80cphWYOasspBoOPgdv1rljgb9PFAQX19X+rofYi+aYd1glP8BhRC3rt4zE26J54h8tt46DBT1TkFPJ2O3ULhLSqcv9zENGkGB0bfXkvhI0p/tP4b1a0NnvmNME9i6qyo8/7mPLovaKwP1qkd7/a+p1DQr2XoId9U6G4rx0TKsvhbjmDvaCWAm4c5LT3WbQHh301DWiwsN8xn8LkxaO4GtdIqxHOyj7lmQZGw8ixuvoIY/FjgXhSPGmaWLyz2o45TrTNP7vWxWqgcDi2CegziD67+UN4tBZvB9HwR6V3aaCrV59H15ukAtK1 user@disp8452
user@disp8452:~$
RFC4716
您可以以 PuTTY RFC4716 格式获取它,如下所示:
user@disp8452:~$ ssh-keygen -ef /home/user/.ssh/id_rsa -mRFC4716
---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----
Comment: "2048-bit RSA, converted by user@disp8452 from OpenSSH"
AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQCzU4exWqu4tsgWIJleq1AJ98cGHswD80cphWYOas
spBoOPgdv1rljgb9PFAQX19X+rofYi+aYd1glP8BhRC3rt4zE26J54h8tt46DBT1TkFPJ2
O3ULhLSqcv9zENGkGB0bfXkvhI0p/tP4b1a0NnvmNME9i6qyo8/7mPLovaKwP1qkd7/a+p
1DQr2XoId9U6G4rx0TKsvhbjmDvaCWAm4c5LT3WbQHh301DWiwsN8xn8LkxaO4GtdIqxHO
yj7lmQZGw8ixuvoIY/FjgXhSPGmaWLyz2o45TrTNP7vWxWqgcDi2CegziD67+UN4tBZvB9
HwR6V3aaCrV59H15ukAtK1
---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----
user@disp8452:~$
BEGIN
请注意,指纹行实际上是相同的,因此您只需删除、Comment
和行即可手动在 PuTTY 输出的多行格式和单行格式之间进行转换END
。然后删除换行符并在其前面添加ssh-rsa
。
PKCS8
为了完整起见,这是上面密钥的 PKCS8 格式:
user@disp8452:~$ ssh-keygen -ef /home/user/.ssh/id_rsa -mPKCS8
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAs1OHsVqruLbIFiCZXqtQ
CffHBh7MA/NHKYVmDmrLKQaDj4Hb9a5Y4G/TxQEF9fV/q6H2IvmmHdYJT/AYUQt6
7eMxNuieeIfLbeOgwU9U5BTydjt1C4S0qnL/cxDRpBgdG315L4SNKf7T+G9WtDZ7
5jTBPYuqsqPP+5jy6L2isD9apHe/2vqdQ0K9l6CHfVOhuK8dEyrL4W45g72glgJu
HOS091m0B4d9NQ1osLDfMZ/C5MWjuBrXSKsRzso+5ZkGRsPIsbr6CGPxY4F4Ujxp
mli8s9qOOU60zT+71sVqoHA4tgnoM4g+u/lDeLQWbwfR8Eeld2mgq1efR9ebpALS
tQIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
user@disp8452:~$
质子交换膜
PEM 格式如下:
user@disp8452:~$ ssh-keygen -ef /home/user/.ssh/id_rsa -mPEM
-----BEGIN RSA PUBLIC KEY-----
MIIBCgKCAQEAs1OHsVqruLbIFiCZXqtQCffHBh7MA/NHKYVmDmrLKQaDj4Hb9a5Y
4G/TxQEF9fV/q6H2IvmmHdYJT/AYUQt67eMxNuieeIfLbeOgwU9U5BTydjt1C4S0
qnL/cxDRpBgdG315L4SNKf7T+G9WtDZ75jTBPYuqsqPP+5jy6L2isD9apHe/2vqd
Q0K9l6CHfVOhuK8dEyrL4W45g72glgJuHOS091m0B4d9NQ1osLDfMZ/C5MWjuBrX
SKsRzso+5ZkGRsPIsbr6CGPxY4F4Ujxpmli8s9qOOU60zT+71sVqoHA4tgnoM4g+
u/lDeLQWbwfR8Eeld2mgq1efR9ebpALStQIDAQAB
-----END RSA PUBLIC KEY-----
user@disp8452:~$