我的 Postfix 服务器不会向本地主机以外的所有服务器发送邮件。
我在 Debian 8.5 系统上使用虚拟用户和域。似乎外发邮件被发送到 spamassassin，后者会尝试将其发送到本地邮箱。我认为我的 postfix/master.cf 出了问题，但我不知道是什么问题。
邮件日志：
Aug 22 10:20:47 deepthought postfix/smtps/smtpd[16841]: connect from unknown[91.112.51.178]
Aug 22 10:20:47 deepthought dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<[email protected]>, method=PLAIN, rip=91.112.51.178, lip=176.9.82.151, mpid=16843, TLS, session=<56KmuaQ6mgBbcDOy>
Aug 22 10:20:47 deepthought postfix/smtps/smtpd[16841]: A202A2F00AA7: client=unknown[91.112.51.178], sasl_method=PLAIN, [email protected]
Aug 22 10:20:47 deepthought postfix/cleanup[16846]: A202A2F00AA7: message-id=<>
Aug 22 10:20:47 deepthought postfix/qmgr[16670]: A202A2F00AA7: from=<[email protected]>, size=493, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Aug 22 10:20:47 deepthought spamd[18401]: spamd: connection from ip6-localhost [::1]:42002 to port 783, fd 6
Aug 22 10:20:47 deepthought spamd[18401]: spamd: setuid to vmail succeeded
Aug 22 10:20:47 deepthought spamd[18401]: spamd: processing message (unknown) for vmail:150
Aug 22 10:20:47 deepthought spamd[18401]: spamd: clean message (-0.9/3.0) for vmail:150 in 0.0 seconds, 480 bytes.
Aug 22 10:20:47 deepthought spamd[18401]: spamd: result: . 0 - ALL_TRUSTED,MISSING_MID,TVD_SPACE_RATIO scantime=0.0,size=480,user=vmail,uid=150,required_score=3.0,rhost=ip6-localhost,raddr=::1,rport=42002,mid=(unknown),autolearn=no autolearn_force=no
Aug 22 10:20:47 deepthought spamd[8044]: prefork: child states: II
Aug 22 10:20:48 deepthought postfix/pipe[16847]: A202A2F00AA7: to=<[email protected]>, relay=spamassassin, delay=0.37, delays=0.28/0/0/0.09, dsn=5.1.1, status=bounced (user unknown)
Aug 22 10:20:48 deepthought postfix/cleanup[16846]: 009DF2F00C7D: message-id=<[email protected]>
Aug 22 10:20:48 deepthought postfix/bounce[16850]: A202A2F00AA7: sender non-delivery notification: 009DF2F00C7D
Aug 22 10:20:48 deepthought postfix/qmgr[16670]: 009DF2F00C7D: from=<>, size=2306, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Aug 22 10:20:48 deepthought postfix/qmgr[16670]: A202A2F00AA7: removed
Aug 22 10:20:48 deepthought dovecot: lda([email protected]): sieve: msgid=<[email protected]>: stored mail into mailbox 'INBOX'
Aug 22 10:20:48 deepthought postfix/pipe[16851]: 009DF2F00C7D: to=<[email protected]>, relay=dovecot, delay=0.13, delays=0.03/0/0/0.1, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered via dovecot service)
Aug 22 10:20:48 deepthought postfix/qmgr[16670]: 009DF2F00C7D: removed
Aug 22 10:20:48 deepthought postfix/smtps/smtpd[16841]: disconnect from unknown[91.112.51.178]
/etc/postfix/master.cf：
#
# Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format
# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master" or
# on-line: http://www.postfix.org/master.5.html).
#
# Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file.
#
# ==========================================================================
# service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args
# (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
smtp inet n - - - - smtpd
-o content_filter=spamassassin
#smtp inet n - - - 1 postscreen
#smtpd pass - - - - - smtpd
#dnsblog unix - - - - 0 dnsblog
#tlsproxy unix - - - - 0 tlsproxy
submission inet n - - - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/submission
-o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
-o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
-o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
-o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
-o content_filter=spamassassin
smtps inet n - - - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
-o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
-o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
-o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
-o content_filter=spamassassin
#628 inet n - - - - qmqpd
pickup unix n - - 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup
qmgr unix n - n 300 1 qmgr
#qmgr unix n - n 300 1 oqmgr
tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce
defer unix - - - - 0 bounce
trace unix - - - - 0 bounce
verify unix - - - - 1 verify
flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - - - - smtp
relay unix - - - - - smtp
# -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq unix n - - - - showq
error unix - - - - - error
retry unix - - - - - error
discard unix - - - - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp
anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil
scache unix - - - - 1 scache
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.
#
# Specify in cyrus.conf:
# lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4
#
# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:
# mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
# virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
# Old example of delivery via Cyrus.
#
#old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
uucp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
mailman unix - n n - - pipe
flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
${nexthop} ${user}
dovecot unix - n n - - pipe flags=DRhu
user=vmail:mail argv=/usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -f ${sender} -d ${recipient}
spamassassin unix - n n - - pipe
user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/spamc -f -e /usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -f ${sender} -d ${user}@${nexthop}
#user=debian-spamd argv=/usr/bin/spamc -f -e /usr/sbin/sendmail -oi -f ${sender} ${recipient}
/etc/postfix/main.cf：
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Debian/GNU)
biff = no
append_dot_mydomain = no
readme_directory = no
smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/letsencrypt/live/relay.zege.at-0001/fullchain.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/letsencrypt/live/relay.zege.at-0001/privkey.pem
smtpd_use_tls=yes
smtpd_delay_reject = yes
smtpd_helo_required = yes
smtpd_helo_restrictions =
permit_sasl_authenticated
permit_mynetworks
reject_unauth_destination
reject_non_fqdn_sender
reject_non_fqdn_recipient
reject_unknown_recipient_domain
reject_non_fqdn_hostname
reject_invalid_hostname
reject_rbl_client zen.spamhaus.org
reject_unauth_pipelining
permit
smtpd_recipient_restrictions =
permit_sasl_authenticated
permit_mynetworks
reject_invalid_hostname
reject_non_fqdn_hostname
reject_non_fqdn_recipient
reject_non_fqdn_sender
reject_unknown_sender_domain
reject_unknown_recipient_domain
reject_sender_login_mismatch
reject_unauth_pipelining
reject_unauth_destination
reject_multi_recipient_bounce
reject_non_fqdn_helo_hostname
reject_invalid_helo_hostname
reject_rbl_client zen.spamhaus.org
permit
smtpd_sender_restrictions =
permit_sasl_authenticated
permit_mynetworks
reject_unauth_destination
reject_non_fqdn_sender
reject_non_fqdn_recipient
reject_unknown_recipient_domain
reject_unauth_pipelining
reject_rbl_client zen.spamhaus.org
permit
smtpd_client_restrictions = reject_invalid_hostname
smtpd_data_restrictions =
reject_unauth_pipelining
reject_multi_recipient_bounce
permit
smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated defer_unauth_destination
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_exceptions_networks = $mynetworks
smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
spamassassin_destination_recipient_limit = 1
myhostname = deepthought.zege.at
myorigin = /etc/mailname
mydestination = localhost
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
relayhost =
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = all
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
virtual_minimum_uid = 150
virtual_uid_maps = static:150
virtual_gid_maps = static:8
virtual_transport = dovecot
dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1
virtual_mailbox_base = /var/vmail
virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf
virtual_alias_maps =
proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf,
proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_maps.cf,
proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_catchall_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_maps =
proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf,
proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_mailbox_maps.cf
#virtual_create_maildirsize = yes
#virtual_mailbox_extended = yes
#virtual_mailbox_limit_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/sql/mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf
#virtual_mailbox_limit_override = yes
#virtual_maildir_limit_message = Sorry, the user's maildir has overdrawn his diskspace quota, please try again later.
#virtual_overquota_bounce = yes
答案1
好的。我找到问题了。
在 postfix/master.cf 中，spamassassin 服务尝试使用 dovecot-lda 进行投递，因此在垃圾邮件检查之后，它会尝试投递到本地邮箱。
所以我用
spamassassin unix - n n - - pipe
user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/spamc -f -e /usr/sbin/sendmail -oi -f ${sender} ${recipient}
相反，现在它运行完美。