我正在尝试在 Ubuntu 16:04.1 安装上使用 VSFTP 3.0.3-3ubuntu2。我这样做是为了让另一台服务器上的应用程序可以运行由 cron 作业触发的自动脚本来从 FTP 服务器提取文件。
我可以使用 Filezilla 轻松连接到 FTP 服务器，可以浏览 ftp 目录结构，并且可以在主动和被动模式下下载和上传文件，所以我知道 VSTFP 已安装并且至少在某种程度上按预期运行。但是，当我尝试使用命令行连接到 FTP 服务器时，我根本无法浏览文件结构，我甚至无法执行简单的目录或者ls命令，因此自然而然地，在我的另一台服务器上运行的软件无法提取所需的文件，因为它本质上是在后台运行脚本来连接到 FTP 服务器。
有人能指出这里可能存在什么问题吗？
这是我登录到我的 FTP 服务器并尝试输入一些基本命令时得到的结果：
从 DOS 访问 FTP（Windows 10 命令行）
230 Login successful
ftp> ls
550 Permission denied
ftp> dir
550 Permission denied.
425 Use PORT or PASV first
ftp> quote passv
227 Entering Pasive Mode (172,31,45,155,173,61)
ftp> ls
550 Permission denied
ftp> dir
425 Failed to establish a connection
mget filename.csv
Permission denied
200 Switching to ASCII mode.
Cannot find list of remote files
Linux 命令行中的 FTP：
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> ls
550 Permission denied.
ftp: bind: Address already in use
ftp> dir
550 Permission denied.
ftp> quote pasv
227 Entering Passive Mode (172,31,45,155,165,40).
ftp> ls
550 Permission denied.
ftp> dir
550 Permission denied.
我也尝试通过命令行启用被动模式，但还是收到相同的“权限被拒绝”错误消息。不过对于“dir”命令，我在被动模式下收到的响应略有不同 - 425 无法建立连接。
我最初按照以下教程设置了服务器： https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-vsftpd-for-a-user-s-directory-on-ubuntu-16-04
我已启用 vsftpd 日志记录，但它仅显示与尝试通过命令行登录相关的连接成功通知。我看不出任何线索来说明为什么我无法通过命令行运行命令。如果我通过 Filezilla 登录并提取一些文件，我可以看到这些下载被正确记录。
我的 VSFTP 配置文件如下，请注意底线，我添加了“允许的命令”行，试图让 VSFTP 听我的，但显然没有奏效。另外，我最初确实设置了 sftp，但是后来注释掉了一些行，因为我用来获取文件的另一台服务器上的软件设置为仅使用 FTP。
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
#
# Run standalone? vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=NO
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
listen_ipv6=YES
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
# in your local time zone. The default is to display GMT. The
# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
# option.
use_localtime=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
#xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
# ftpd_banner= FTP for supplier product feeds ONLY
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories. See the FAQ for
# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
# chroot_local_user=YES
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
chroot_local_user=YES
allow_writeable_chroot=YES
# chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
# chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
pasv_enable=Yes
pasv_min_port=40000
pasv_max_port=50000
pasv_address=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
# Added as per https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-vsftpd-for-a-user-s-directory-on-ubuntu-16-04
user_sub_token=$USER
local_root=/home/$USER/ftp
userlist_enable=YES
userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd.userlist
userlist_deny=NO
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# Customization
#
# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by
# default.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty. Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=vsftpd
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
# rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
# rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
ssl_enable=NO
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/private/vsftpd.pem
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/vsftpd.pem
#allow_anon_ssl=NO
#force_local_data_ssl=YES
#force_local_logins_ssl=YES
#ssl_tlsv1=YES
#ssl_sslv2=NO
#ssl_sslv3=NO
#require_ssl_reuse=NO
#ssl_ciphers=HIGH
# Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem.
#utf8_filesystem=YES
cmds_allowed=dir,get,ls,put,cd,mkdir,rm,rmdir,PUT,PWD,CWD,SYST,FEAT,STOR,LIST,MKD,DELE,RMD,GET,EPSV,PASV,RETR,TYPE,NOOP,EXIT,QUIT
从命令行登录和目录列表尝试登录...
Mon Jan 9 16:41:05 2017 [pid 11271] FTP response: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "220 (vsFTPd 3.0.3)"
Mon Jan 9 16:41:06 2017 [pid 11271] FTP command: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "OPTS UTF8 ON"
Mon Jan 9 16:41:06 2017 [pid 11271] FTP response: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "200 Always in UTF8 mode."
Mon Jan 9 16:41:09 2017 [pid 11271] FTP command: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "USER pmcftp"
Mon Jan 9 16:41:09 2017 [pid 11271] [pmcftp] FTP response: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "331 Please specify the password."
Mon Jan 9 16:41:16 2017 [pid 11271] [pmcftp] FTP command: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "PASS <password>"
Mon Jan 9 16:41:16 2017 [pid 11270] [pmcftp] OK LOGIN: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100"
Mon Jan 9 16:41:17 2017 [pid 11275] [pmcftp] FTP response: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "230 Login successful."
Mon Jan 9 16:41:27 2017 [pid 11275] [pmcftp] FTP command: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "NLST"
Mon Jan 9 16:41:27 2017 [pid 11275] [pmcftp] FTP response: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "550 Permission denied."
Mon Jan 9 16:41:29 2017 [pid 11275] [pmcftp] FTP command: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "LIST"
Mon Jan 9 16:41:29 2017 [pid 11275] [pmcftp] FTP response: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "425 Use PORT or PASV first."
Mon Jan 9 16:42:02 2017 [pid 11275] [pmcftp] FTP command: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "PASV"
Mon Jan 9 16:42:02 2017 [pid 11275] [pmcftp] FTP response: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "227 Entering Passive Mode (0,0,0,0,194,105)."
Mon Jan 9 16:42:04 2017 [pid 11275] [pmcftp] FTP command: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "NLST"
Mon Jan 9 16:42:04 2017 [pid 11275] [pmcftp] FTP response: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "550 Permission denied."
Mon Jan 9 16:42:05 2017 [pid 11275] [pmcftp] FTP command: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "LIST"
Mon Jan 9 16:43:05 2017 [pid 11275] [pmcftp] FTP response: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "425 Failed to establish connection."
从Filezilla登录并下载 nb 在尝试放向服务器发送文件时出现严重传输错误。虽然这是一个问题，但这不是我的首要任务。
Mon Jan 9 16:48:05 2017 [pid 11275] [pmcftp] FTP response: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "421 Timeout."
Mon Jan 9 16:48:16 2017 [pid 11460] CONNECT: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100"
Mon Jan 9 16:48:16 2017 [pid 11460] FTP response: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "220 (vsFTPd 3.0.3)"
Mon Jan 9 16:48:16 2017 [pid 11460] FTP command: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "AUTH TLS"
Mon Jan 9 16:48:16 2017 [pid 11460] FTP response: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "530 Please login with USER and PASS."
Mon Jan 9 16:48:16 2017 [pid 11460] FTP command: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "AUTH SSL"
Mon Jan 9 16:48:16 2017 [pid 11460] FTP response: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "530 Please login with USER and PASS."
Mon Jan 9 16:48:16 2017 [pid 11460] FTP command: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "USER pmcftp"
Mon Jan 9 16:48:16 2017 [pid 11460] [pmcftp] FTP response: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "331 Please specify the password."
Mon Jan 9 16:48:16 2017 [pid 11460] [pmcftp] FTP command: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "PASS <password>"
Mon Jan 9 16:48:16 2017 [pid 11459] [pmcftp] OK LOGIN: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100"
Mon Jan 9 16:48:16 2017 [pid 11464] [pmcftp] FTP response: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "230 Login successful."
Mon Jan 9 16:48:16 2017 [pid 11464] [pmcftp] FTP command: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "PWD"
Mon Jan 9 16:48:16 2017 [pid 11464] [pmcftp] FTP response: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "257 "/" is the current directory"
Mon Jan 9 16:48:46 2017 [pid 11514] CONNECT: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100"
Mon Jan 9 16:48:46 2017 [pid 11514] FTP response: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "220 (vsFTPd 3.0.3)"
Mon Jan 9 16:48:46 2017 [pid 11514] FTP command: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "AUTH TLS"
Mon Jan 9 16:48:46 2017 [pid 11514] FTP response: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "530 Please login with USER and PASS."
Mon Jan 9 16:48:46 2017 [pid 11514] FTP command: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "AUTH SSL"
Mon Jan 9 16:48:46 2017 [pid 11514] FTP response: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "530 Please login with USER and PASS."
Mon Jan 9 16:48:46 2017 [pid 11514] FTP command: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "USER pmcftp"
Mon Jan 9 16:48:46 2017 [pid 11514] [pmcftp] FTP response: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "331 Please specify the password."
Mon Jan 9 16:48:46 2017 [pid 11514] [pmcftp] FTP command: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "PASS <password>"
Mon Jan 9 16:48:46 2017 [pid 11513] [pmcftp] OK LOGIN: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100"
Mon Jan 9 16:48:46 2017 [pid 11518] [pmcftp] FTP response: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "230 Login successful."
Mon Jan 9 16:48:46 2017 [pid 11518] [pmcftp] FTP command: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "CWD /nimans"
Mon Jan 9 16:48:46 2017 [pid 11518] [pmcftp] FTP response: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "250 Directory successfully changed."
Mon Jan 9 16:48:48 2017 [pid 11518] [pmcftp] FTP command: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "TYPE I"
Mon Jan 9 16:48:48 2017 [pid 11518] [pmcftp] FTP response: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "200 Switching to Binary mode."
Mon Jan 9 16:48:48 2017 [pid 11518] [pmcftp] FTP command: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "PASV"
Mon Jan 9 16:48:48 2017 [pid 11518] [pmcftp] FTP response: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "227 Entering Passive Mode (0,0,0,0,167,164)."
Mon Jan 9 16:48:48 2017 [pid 11518] [pmcftp] FTP command: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "RETR F126841.CSV"
Mon Jan 9 16:48:48 2017 [pid 11518] [pmcftp] FTP response: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for F126841.CSV (1434704 bytes)."
Mon Jan 9 16:48:49 2017 [pid 11518] [pmcftp] OK DOWNLOAD: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "/nimans/F126841.CSV", 1434704 bytes, 1153.59Kbyte/sec
Mon Jan 9 16:48:49 2017 [pid 11518] [pmcftp] FTP response: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "226 Transfer complete."
Mon Jan 9 16:49:13 2017 [pid 11518] [pmcftp] FTP command: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "TYPE A"
Mon Jan 9 16:49:13 2017 [pid 11518] [pmcftp] FTP response: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "200 Switching to ASCII mode."
Mon Jan 9 16:49:13 2017 [pid 11518] [pmcftp] FTP command: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "PASV"
Mon Jan 9 16:49:13 2017 [pid 11518] [pmcftp] FTP response: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "227 Entering Passive Mode (0,0,0,0,165,201)."
Mon Jan 9 16:49:13 2017 [pid 11518] [pmcftp] FTP command: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "STOR .htaccess"
Mon Jan 9 16:49:13 2017 [pid 11518] [pmcftp] FTP response: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "553 Could not create file."
Mon Jan 9 16:49:13 2017 [pid 11518] [pmcftp] FAIL UPLOAD: Client "::ffff:80.229.82.100", "/nimans/.htaccess", 0.00Kbyte/sec
答案1
好的，这不是一个明确的答案，但它解决了我的问题，我希望其他人能够对此进行扩展。
这与我在vsftpd 配置文件
似乎添加跨域路由/32 开关添加到 IP 地址末尾可以允许我通过命令行登录，但随后却锁定了我通过 Filezilla 登录的权限。
pasv_address=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/32
奇怪的是...
作为实验，我注释掉了所有被动模式设置，看看是否可以通过两种方法（Filezilla 和命令行 FTP）登录。但是，连接似乎不稳定，速度很慢，并且会在短时间后超时。
#pasv_enable=Yes
#pasv_min_port=40000
#pasv_max_port=50000
#pasv_address=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/32
当我再次取消注释所有这些时，为了方便起见，我需要通过 Filezilla 登录，所以我省略了 /32跨域路由关闭 IP 地址，能够顺利登录。作为一项实验，为了保持一致性，不进行任何更改或重新添加 /32，我想尝试再次使用命令行登录我的 FTP，结果成功了！！
我不知道为什么。如果有人能展开说说，那会很有帮助，但我还是把这个留给有同样问题的人吧。也许这会有所帮助。