我使用 Samba 已经有一段时间了，但是遇到了一个问题。我有多个共享和多个帐户，但是这些帐户无法访问其定义的共享。
- 我在 Proxmox 中有一个 debian 9 容器；
- root用户可以访问所有共享（使用smbpasswd -a将其添加到samba）；
- 我使用 useradd 和 smbpasswd -a 添加了新用户；
我有以下股份：
[Backup]
browseable = yes
comment = Backup folder
create mode = 0775
guest ok = no
path = /mnt/backup
read only = no
valid users = root mark nextcloud
writable = yes
[Files]
browseable = yes
comment = General files
create mode = 0775
guest ok = no
path = /mnt/files
read only = no
valid users = root mark nextcloud
writable = yes
[Movies]
browseable = yes
comment = Movies and music folder
create mode = 0775
guest ok = no
path = /mnt/movies
read only = no
valid users = root mark nextcloud plex
writable = yes
[Pictures]
browseable = yes
comment = Pictures folder
create mode = 0775
guest ok = no
path = /mnt/pictures
read only = no
valid users = root mark nextcloud plex
writable = yes
[Git]
browseable = yes
comment = Git folder
create mode = 0775
guest ok = no
path = /mnt/git
read only = no
valid users = root git
writable = yes
当我尝试连接例如我的文件共享时，用户 root 和 mark 能够访问它，但用户 nextcloud 和 plex 收到访问被拒绝消息。
testparm 没有给我任何错误：
Load smb config files from /etc/samba/smb.conf
rlimit_max: increasing rlimit_max (1024) to minimum Windows limit (16384)
Processing section "[Backup]"
Processing section "[Files]"
Processing section "[Movies]"
Processing section "[Pictures]"
Processing section "[Git]"
Loaded services file OK.
Server role: ROLE_STANDALONE
Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
# Global parameters
[global]
server role = standalone server
map to guest = Bad User
obey pam restrictions = Yes
pam password change = Yes
passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .
unix password sync = Yes
syslog = 0
log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
max log size = 1000
dns proxy = No
usershare allow guests = Yes
panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d
idmap config * : backend = tdb
[Backup]
comment = Backup folder
path = /mnt/backup
valid users = root mark nextcloud
read only = No
create mask = 0775
[Files]
comment = General files
path = /mnt/files
valid users = root mark nextcloud
read only = No
create mask = 0775
[Movies]
comment = Movies and music folder
path = /mnt/movies
valid users = root mark nextcloud plex
read only = No
create mask = 0775
[Pictures]
comment = Pictures folder
path = /mnt/pictures
valid users = root mark nextcloud plex
read only = No
create mask = 0775
[Git]
comment = Git folder
path = /mnt/git
valid users = root git
read only = No
create mask = 0775
完整的 /etc/samba/smb.conf：
#
# Sample configuration file for the Samba suite for Debian GNU/Linux.
#
#
# This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the
# smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed
# here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options most of which
# are not shown in this example
#
# Some options that are often worth tuning have been included as
# commented-out examples in this file.
# - When such options are commented with ";", the proposed setting
# differs from the default Samba behaviour
# - When commented with "#", the proposed setting is the default
# behaviour of Samba but the option is considered important
# enough to be mentioned here
#
# NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command
# "testparm" to check that you have not made any basic syntactic
# errors.
#======================= Global Settings =======================
[global]
## Browsing/Identification ###
# Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of
workgroup = WORKGROUP
# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:
# WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable its WINS Server
# wins support = no
# WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client
# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both
; wins server = w.x.y.z
# This will prevent nmbd to search for NetBIOS names through DNS.
dns proxy = no
#### Networking ####
# The specific set of interfaces / networks to bind to
# This can be either the interface name or an IP address/netmask;
# interface names are normally preferred
; interfaces = 127.0.0.0/8 eth0
# Only bind to the named interfaces and/or networks; you must use the
# 'interfaces' option above to use this.
# It is recommended that you enable this feature if your Samba machine is
# not protected by a firewall or is a firewall itself. However, this
# option cannot handle dynamic or non-broadcast interfaces correctly.
; bind interfaces only = yes
#### Debugging/Accounting ####
# This tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine
# that connects
log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
# Cap the size of the individual log files (in KiB).
max log size = 1000
# If you want Samba to only log through syslog then set the following
# parameter to 'yes'.
# syslog only = no
# We want Samba to log a minimum amount of information to syslog. Everything
# should go to /var/log/samba/log.{smbd,nmbd} instead. If you want to log
# through syslog you should set the following parameter to something higher.
syslog = 0
# Do something sensible when Samba crashes: mail the admin a backtrace
panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d
####### Authentication #######
# Server role. Defines in which mode Samba will operate. Possible
# values are "standalone server", "member server", "classic primary
# domain controller", "classic backup domain controller", "active
# directory domain controller".
#
# Most people will want "standalone sever" or "member server".
# Running as "active directory domain controller" will require first
# running "samba-tool domain provision" to wipe databases and create a
# new domain.
server role = standalone server
# If you are using encrypted passwords, Samba will need to know what
# password database type you are using.
passdb backend = tdbsam
obey pam restrictions = yes
# This boolean parameter controls whether Samba attempts to sync the Unix
# password with the SMB password when the encrypted SMB password in the
# passdb is changed.
unix password sync = yes
# For Unix password sync to work on a Debian GNU/Linux system, the following
# parameters must be set (thanks to Ian Kahan <<[email protected]> for
# sending the correct chat script for the passwd program in Debian Sarge).
passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .
# This boolean controls whether PAM will be used for password changes
# when requested by an SMB client instead of the program listed in
# 'passwd program'. The default is 'no'.
pam password change = yes
# This option controls how unsuccessful authentication attempts are mapped
# to anonymous connections
map to guest = bad user
########## Domains ###########
#
# The following settings only takes effect if 'server role = primary
# classic domain controller', 'server role = backup domain controller'
# or 'domain logons' is set
#
# It specifies the location of the user's
# profile directory from the client point of view) The following
# required a [profiles] share to be setup on the samba server (see
# below)
; logon path = \\%N\profiles\%U
# Another common choice is storing the profile in the user's home directory
# (this is Samba's default)
# logon path = \\%N\%U\profile
# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the location of a user's home directory (from the client
# point of view)
; logon drive = H:
# logon home = \\%N\%U
# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the script to run during logon. The script must be stored
# in the [netlogon] share
# NOTE: Must be store in 'DOS' file format convention
; logon script = logon.cmd
# This allows Unix users to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe. The example command creates a user account with a disabled Unix
# password; please adapt to your needs
; add user script = /usr/sbin/adduser --quiet --disabled-password --gecos "" %u
# This allows machine accounts to be created on the domain controller via the
# SAMR RPC pipe.
# The following assumes a "machines" group exists on the system
; add machine script = /usr/sbin/useradd -g machines -c "%u machine account" -d /var/lib/samba -s /bin/false %u
# This allows Unix groups to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe.
; add group script = /usr/sbin/addgroup --force-badname %g
############ Misc ############
# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration
# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name
# of the machine that is connecting
; include = /home/samba/etc/smb.conf.%m
# Some defaults for winbind (make sure you're not using the ranges
# for something else.)
; idmap uid = 10000-20000
; idmap gid = 10000-20000
; template shell = /bin/bash
# Setup usershare options to enable non-root users to share folders
# with the net usershare command.
# Maximum number of usershare. 0 (default) means that usershare is disabled.
; usershare max shares = 100
# Allow users who've been granted usershare privileges to create
# public shares, not just authenticated ones
usershare allow guests = yes
#======================= Share Definitions =======================
#[homes]
# comment = Home Directories
# browseable = no
# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change the
# next parameter to 'no' if you want to be able to write to them.
# read only = yes
# File creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create files with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
# create mask = 0700
# Directory creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create dirs. with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
# directory mask = 0700
# By default, \\server\username shares can be connected to by anyone
# with access to the samba server.
# The following parameter makes sure that only "username" can connect
# to \\server\username
# This might need tweaking when using external authentication schemes
# valid users = %S
# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
#;[netlogon]
#; comment = Network Logon Service
#; path = /home/samba/netlogon
#; guest ok = yes
#; read only = yes
# Un-comment the following and create the profiles directory to store
# users profiles (see the "logon path" option above)
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
# The path below should be writable by all users so that their
# profile directory may be created the first time they log on
#;[profiles]
#; comment = Users profiles
#; path = /home/samba/profiles
#; guest ok = no
#; browseable = no
#; create mask = 0600
#; directory mask = 0700
#[printers]
# comment = All Printers
# browseable = no
# path = /var/spool/samba
# printable = yes
# guest ok = no
# read only = yes
# create mask = 0700
# Windows clients look for this share name as a source of downloadable
# printer drivers
#[print$]
# comment = Printer Drivers
# path = /var/lib/samba/printers
# browseable = yes
# read only = yes
# guest ok = no
# Uncomment to allow remote administration of Windows print drivers.
# You may need to replace 'lpadmin' with the name of the group your
# admin users are members of.
# Please note that you also need to set appropriate Unix permissions
# to the drivers directory for these users to have write rights in it
#; write list = root, @lpadmin
[Backup]
browseable = yes
comment = Backup folder
create mode = 0775
guest ok = no
path = /mnt/backup
read only = no
valid users = root mark nextcloud
writable = yes
# TODO: Make specific shares for devices that need to be backuped (Laptop, Phone and Tablet)
[Files]
browseable = yes
comment = General files
create mode = 0775
guest ok = no
path = /mnt/files
read only = no
valid users = root mark nextcloud
writable = yes
[Movies]
browseable = yes
comment = Movies and music folder
create mode = 0775
guest ok = no
path = /mnt/movies
read only = no
valid users = root mark nextcloud plex
writable = yes
[Pictures]
browseable = yes
comment = Pictures folder
create mode = 0775
guest ok = no
path = /mnt/pictures
read only = no
valid users = root mark nextcloud plex
writable = yes
[Git]
browseable = yes
comment = Git folder
create mode = 0775
guest ok = no
path = /mnt/git
read only = no
valid users = root git
writable = yes
减少/etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin
sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin
man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin
lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin
mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/usr/sbin/nologin
news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/usr/sbin/nologin
uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/usr/sbin/nologin
proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/usr/sbin/nologin
backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/usr/sbin/nologin
list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/usr/sbin/nologin
irc:x:39:39:ircd:/var/run/ircd:/usr/sbin/nologin
gnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/usr/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:100:104::/var/spool/postfix:/bin/false
sshd:x:101:65534::/var/run/sshd:/usr/sbin/nologin
messagebus:x:102:108::/var/run/dbus:/bin/false
plex:x:1000:1000::/home/plex:/bin/sh
nextcloud:x:1001:1001::/home/nextcloud:/bin/sh
git:x:1002:1002::/home/git:/bin/sh
mark:x:1003:1003::/home/mark:/bin/sh
ls -l /mnt/文件/
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 2 nobody nogroup 4096 Jul 13 17:43 Games
drwxr-xr-x 2 nobody nogroup 4096 Jul 13 04:57 Movies
drwxr-xr-x 9 nobody nogroup 4096 Jul 12 06:28 MusicOrganized
drwxr-xr-x 13 nobody nogroup 4096 Jul 13 15:32 _Done
答案1
在尝试安装共享时，您没有提及有关所使用的客户端的任何信息。
一种可能性是，您正在安装的客户端使用的身份验证方法由于安全问题而已过时。您可以尝试
mount -o sec=ntlmssp //example.com/share /path/to/mount/dir
修复此问题。
答案2
首先感谢大家的帮助。
我使用的系统没有 journalctl，所以我无法发布它。我还查看了 /var/log/samba/ 中的所有 samba 日志文件，但没有找到有关登录尝试的任何信息。
我尝试使用 Android 版 AndSMB 连接到它，尝试使用 Ubuntu Mate 连接，并尝试使用 Windows 10 连接到共享。所有这些都给出了访问被拒绝错误，没有更多信息。
不过我找到了解决这个问题的方法：
- 我为每一次分享创建了一个小组；
- 我添加了允许访问这些组的用户；
- 我让该组成为该共享的所有者；
- 最后我使用 chmod 将权限更改为 775。