我的工作电脑在 Ubuntu 系统的 zpool 中设置了 4 个硬盘。我接受过程序员培训，不是 IT 培训，但我对管理我的电脑负有部分责任。前几天重启后，我注意到池未安装，这是 zpool status 命令的输出：
pool: zhoupool
state: DEGRADED
status: One or more devices could not be used because the label is missing or
invalid. Sufficient replicas exist for the pool to continue
functioning in a degraded state.
action: Replace the device using 'zpool replace'.
see: http://zfsonlinux.org/msg/ZFS-8000-4J
scan: scrub repaired 0 in 1h48m with 0 errors on Sun Mar 12 03:12:25 2017
config:
NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM
zhoupool DEGRADED 0 0 0
mirror-0 ONLINE 0 0 0
ata-ST3000DM001-1ER166_Z500GM2P ONLINE 0 0 0
ata-ST3000DM001-1ER166_Z500GMZ3 ONLINE 0 0 0
mirror-1 DEGRADED 0 0 0
11645674422250617741 UNAVAIL 0 0 0 was /dev/disk/by-id/ata-ST3000DM001-1ER166_Z500GP0C-part1
ata-ST3000DM001-1ER166_Z500GVM5 ONLINE 0 0 0
errors: No known data errors
我本想更换硬盘，但后来发现池已挂载（自初始错误以来，机器至少重新启动过一次）。zpool status 输出现在为：
pool: zhoupool
state: ONLINE
status: One or more devices has experienced an unrecoverable error. An
attempt was made to correct the error. Applications are unaffected.
action: Determine if the device needs to be replaced, and clear the errors
using 'zpool clear' or replace the device with 'zpool replace'.
see: http://zfsonlinux.org/msg/ZFS-8000-9P
scan: scrub repaired 31.0G in 2h10m with 0 errors on Sun May 14 02:34:46 2017
config:
NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM
zhoupool ONLINE 0 0 0
mirror-0 ONLINE 0 0 0
ata-ST3000DM001-1ER166_Z500GM2P ONLINE 0 0 0
ata-ST3000DM001-1ER166_Z500GMZ3 ONLINE 0 0 0
mirror-1 ONLINE 0 0 0
ata-ST3000DM001-1ER166_Z500GP0C ONLINE 0 0 258K
ata-ST3000DM001-1ER166_Z500GVM5 ONLINE 0 0 0
errors: No known data errors
这仍然表示有错误，所以我仍在努力订购新硬盘来替换它。但是我现在注意到 zpool 状态没有指示任何错误：
pool: zhoupool
state: ONLINE
status: Some supported features are not enabled on the pool. The pool can
still be used, but some features are unavailable.
action: Enable all features using 'zpool upgrade'. Once this is done,
the pool may no longer be accessible by software that does not support
the features. See zpool-features(5) for details.
scan: scrub repaired 0 in 2h11m with 0 errors on Sun Jul 9 02:35:48 2017
config:
NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM
zhoupool ONLINE 0 0 0
mirror-0 ONLINE 0 0 0
ata-ST3000DM001-1ER166_Z500GM2P ONLINE 0 0 0
ata-ST3000DM001-1ER166_Z500GMZ3 ONLINE 0 0 0
mirror-1 ONLINE 0 0 0
ata-ST3000DM001-1ER166_Z500GP0C ONLINE 0 0 0
ata-ST3000DM001-1ER166_Z500GVM5 ONLINE 0 0 0
errors: No known data errors
那么我还应该担心吗？真的是硬盘故障吗，还是软件故障导致了错误？我该如何诊断？
答案1
您的数据应该是安全的。看起来 5/14 的清理工作已经清理干净，后续的清理工作也运行正常。检查 dmesg 以查看该设备是否出现超时/错误。
您应该使用 smartmontools 从驱动器收集 SMART 数据、检查状态并偶尔运行在线检查。（这里有一个不错的描述：https://www.howtoforge.com/checking-hard-disk-sanity-with-smartmontools-debian-ubuntu）很有可能，这不会是最后一次出现这种故障。