我正在尝试在 Windows Server 2016（数据中心）上安装 NPS 角色，但服务器管理器和 Install-Windows 功能似乎都没有意识到它的存在：
PS > Install-WindowsFeature NPAS -IncludeManagementTools
Install-WindowsFeature : ArgumentNotValid: The role, role service, or feature name is not valid: 'NPAS'. The name was
not found.
+ CategoryInfo : InvalidArgument: (NPAS:String) [Install-WindowsFeature], Exception
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : NameDoesNotExist,Microsoft.Windows.ServerManager.Commands.AddWindowsFeatureCommand
Success Restart Needed Exit Code Feature Result
------- -------------- --------- --------------
False No InvalidArgs {}
缺少许多其他角色，如传真服务器和 Windows 部署服务。
要安装它（以及其他缺失的角色），还需要做其他什么吗？
更新：输出Get-WindowsFeature
PS > Get-Windowsfeature -computername domain | where {$_.Installed -eq $false}
Display Name Name Install State
------------ ---- -------------
[ ] Active Directory Certificate Services AD-Certificate Available
[ ] Certification Authority ADCS-Cert-Authority Available
[ ] Certificate Enrollment Policy Web Service ADCS-Enroll-Web-Pol Available
[ ] Certificate Enrollment Web Service ADCS-Enroll-Web-Svc Available
[ ] Certification Authority Web Enrollment ADCS-Web-Enrollment Available
[ ] Network Device Enrollment Service ADCS-Device-Enrollment Available
[ ] Online Responder ADCS-Online-Cert Available
[ ] Active Directory Federation Services ADFS-Federation Available
[ ] Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services ADLDS Available
[ ] Active Directory Rights Management Services ADRMS Available
[ ] Active Directory Rights Management Server ADRMS-Server Available
[ ] Identity Federation Support ADRMS-Identity Available
[ ] Device Health Attestation DeviceHealthAttestat... Available
[ ] BranchCache for Network Files FS-BranchCache Available
[ ] Data Deduplication FS-Data-Deduplication Available
[ ] DFS Namespaces FS-DFS-Namespace Available
[ ] DFS Replication FS-DFS-Replication Available
[ ] File Server Resource Manager FS-Resource-Manager Available
[ ] File Server VSS Agent Service FS-VSS-Agent Available
[ ] iSCSI Target Server FS-iSCSITarget-Server Available
[ ] iSCSI Target Storage Provider (VDS and V... iSCSITarget-VSS-VDS Available
[ ] Server for NFS FS-NFS-Service Available
[ ] Work Folders FS-SyncShareService Available
[ ] Host Guardian Service HostGuardianServiceRole Available
[ ] Hyper-V Hyper-V Available
[ ] Network Controller NetworkController Available
[ ] Print and Document Services Print-Services Available
[ ] Print Server Print-Server Available
[ ] LPD Service Print-LPD-Service Available
[ ] Remote Access RemoteAccess Available
[ ] DirectAccess and VPN (RAS) DirectAccess-VPN Available
[ ] Routing Routing Available
[ ] Web Application Proxy Web-Application-Proxy Available
[ ] Remote Desktop Services Remote-Desktop-Services Available
[ ] Remote Desktop Connection Broker RDS-Connection-Broker Available
[ ] Remote Desktop Licensing RDS-Licensing Available
[ ] Remote Desktop Virtualization Host RDS-Virtualization Available
[ ] Volume Activation Services VolumeActivation Available
[ ] Web Server (IIS) Web-Server Available
[ ] Web Server Web-WebServer Available
[ ] Common HTTP Features Web-Common-Http Available
[ ] Default Document Web-Default-Doc Available
[ ] Directory Browsing Web-Dir-Browsing Available
[ ] HTTP Errors Web-Http-Errors Available
[ ] Static Content Web-Static-Content Available
[ ] HTTP Redirection Web-Http-Redirect Available
[ ] WebDAV Publishing Web-DAV-Publishing Available
[ ] Health and Diagnostics Web-Health Available
[ ] HTTP Logging Web-Http-Logging Available
[ ] Custom Logging Web-Custom-Logging Available
[ ] Logging Tools Web-Log-Libraries Available
[ ] ODBC Logging Web-ODBC-Logging Available
[ ] Request Monitor Web-Request-Monitor Available
[ ] Tracing Web-Http-Tracing Available
[ ] Performance Web-Performance Available
[ ] Static Content Compression Web-Stat-Compression Available
[ ] Dynamic Content Compression Web-Dyn-Compression Available
[ ] Security Web-Security Available
[ ] Request Filtering Web-Filtering Available
[ ] Basic Authentication Web-Basic-Auth Available
[ ] Centralized SSL Certificate Support Web-CertProvider Available
[ ] Client Certificate Mapping Authentic... Web-Client-Auth Available
[ ] Digest Authentication Web-Digest-Auth Available
[ ] IIS Client Certificate Mapping Authe... Web-Cert-Auth Available
[ ] IP and Domain Restrictions Web-IP-Security Available
[ ] URL Authorization Web-Url-Auth Available
[ ] Windows Authentication Web-Windows-Auth Available
[ ] Application Development Web-App-Dev Available
[ ] .NET Extensibility 3.5 Web-Net-Ext Available
[ ] .NET Extensibility 4.6 Web-Net-Ext45 Available
[ ] Application Initialization Web-AppInit Available
[ ] ASP Web-ASP Available
[ ] ASP.NET 3.5 Web-Asp-Net Available
[ ] ASP.NET 4.6 Web-Asp-Net45 Available
[ ] CGI Web-CGI Available
[ ] ISAPI Extensions Web-ISAPI-Ext Available
[ ] ISAPI Filters Web-ISAPI-Filter Available
[ ] Server Side Includes Web-Includes Available
[ ] WebSocket Protocol Web-WebSockets Available
[ ] FTP Server Web-Ftp-Server Available
[ ] FTP Service Web-Ftp-Service Available
[ ] FTP Extensibility Web-Ftp-Ext Available
[ ] Management Tools Web-Mgmt-Tools Available
[ ] IIS 6 Management Compatibility Web-Mgmt-Compat Available
[ ] IIS 6 Metabase Compatibility Web-Metabase Available
[ ] IIS 6 Scripting Tools Web-Lgcy-Scripting Available
[ ] IIS 6 WMI Compatibility Web-WMI Available
[ ] IIS Management Scripts and Tools Web-Scripting-Tools Available
[ ] Management Service Web-Mgmt-Service Available
[ ] Windows Server Essentials Experience ServerEssentialsRole Available
[ ] Windows Server Update Services UpdateServices Available
[ ] WID Connectivity UpdateServices-WidDB Available
[ ] WSUS Services UpdateServices-Services Available
[ ] SQL Server Connectivity UpdateServices-DB Available
[ ] .NET Framework 3.5 Features NET-Framework-Features Available
[ ] .NET Framework 3.5 (includes .NET 2.0 and 3.0) NET-Framework-Core Removed
[ ] HTTP Activation NET-HTTP-Activation Available
[ ] Non-HTTP Activation NET-Non-HTTP-Activ Available
[ ] HTTP Activation NET-WCF-HTTP-Activat... Available
[ ] Message Queuing (MSMQ) Activation NET-WCF-MSMQ-Activat... Available
[ ] Named Pipe Activation NET-WCF-Pipe-Activat... Available
[ ] TCP Activation NET-WCF-TCP-Activati... Available
[ ] Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS) BITS Available
[ ] Compact Server BITS-Compact-Server Available
[ ] BitLocker Drive Encryption BitLocker Available
[ ] BranchCache BranchCache Available
[ ] Client for NFS NFS-Client Available
[ ] Containers Containers Available
[ ] Data Center Bridging Data-Center-Bridging Available
[ ] Enhanced Storage EnhancedStorage Available
[ ] Failover Clustering Failover-Clustering Available
[ ] Host Guardian Hyper-V Support HostGuardian Available
[ ] I/O Quality of Service DiskIo-QoS Available
[ ] IIS Hostable Web Core Web-WHC Available
[ ] IP Address Management (IPAM) Server IPAM Available
[ ] iSNS Server service ISNS Available
[ ] Management OData IIS Extension ManagementOdata Available
[ ] Media Foundation Server-Media-Foundation Available
[ ] Message Queuing MSMQ Available
[ ] Message Queuing Services MSMQ-Services Available
[ ] Message Queuing Server MSMQ-Server Available
[ ] Directory Service Integration MSMQ-Directory Available
[ ] HTTP Support MSMQ-HTTP-Support Available
[ ] Message Queuing Triggers MSMQ-Triggers Available
[ ] Routing Service MSMQ-Routing Available
[ ] Message Queuing DCOM Proxy MSMQ-DCOM Available
[ ] Multipath I/O Multipath-IO Available
[ ] MultiPoint Connector MultiPoint-Connector Available
[ ] MultiPoint Connector Services MultiPoint-Connector... Available
[ ] MultiPoint Manager and MultiPoint Dashboard MultiPoint-Tools Available
[ ] Network Load Balancing NLB Available
[ ] Peer Name Resolution Protocol PNRP Available
[ ] Quality Windows Audio Video Experience qWave Available
[ ] Remote Differential Compression RDC Available
[ ] Feature Administration Tools RSAT-Feature-Tools Available
[ ] BitLocker Drive Encryption Administratio... RSAT-Feature-Tools-B... Available
[ ] DataCenterBridging LLDP Tools RSAT-DataCenterBridg... Available
[ ] Failover Clustering Tools RSAT-Clustering Available
[ ] Failover Cluster Module for Windows ... RSAT-Clustering-Powe... Available
[ ] Failover Cluster Automation Server RSAT-Clustering-Auto... Available
[ ] Failover Cluster Command Interface RSAT-Clustering-CmdI... Available
[ ] IP Address Management (IPAM) Client IPAM-Client-Feature Available
[ ] Shielded VM Tools RSAT-Shielded-VM-Tools Available
[ ] Storage Replica Module for Windows Power... RSAT-Storage-Replica Available
[ ] AD DS Tools RSAT-ADDS Available
[ ] Active Directory Administrative ... RSAT-AD-AdminCenter Available
[ ] AD DS Snap-Ins and Command-Line ... RSAT-ADDS-Tools Available
[ ] AD LDS Snap-Ins and Command-Line Tools RSAT-ADLDS Available
[ ] Hyper-V Management Tools RSAT-Hyper-V-Tools Available
[ ] Hyper-V Module for Windows PowerShell Hyper-V-PowerShell Available
[ ] Windows Server Update Services Tools UpdateServices-RSAT Available
[ ] API and PowerShell cmdlets UpdateServices-API Available
[ ] DHCP Server Tools RSAT-DHCP Available
[ ] DNS Server Tools RSAT-DNS-Server Available
[ ] Network Controller Management Tools RSAT-NetworkController Available
[ ] Remote Access Management Tools RSAT-RemoteAccess Available
[ ] Remote Access module for Windows Pow... RSAT-RemoteAccess-Po... Available
[ ] RPC over HTTP Proxy RPC-over-HTTP-Proxy Available
[ ] Setup and Boot Event Collection Setup-and-Boot-Event... Available
[ ] Simple TCP/IP Services Simple-TCPIP Available
[ ] SMB Bandwidth Limit FS-SMBBW Available
[ ] SNMP Service SNMP-Service Available
[ ] SNMP WMI Provider SNMP-WMI-Provider Available
[ ] Software Load Balancer SoftwareLoadBalancer Available
[ ] Storage Replica Storage-Replica Available
[ ] Telnet Client Telnet-Client Available
[ ] VM Shielding Tools for Fabric Management FabricShieldedTools Available
[ ] Windows Internal Database Windows-Internal-Dat... Available
[ ] Windows PowerShell 2.0 Engine PowerShell-V2 Removed
[ ] Windows PowerShell Desired State Configurati... DSC-Service Available
[ ] Windows PowerShell Web Access WindowsPowerShellWeb... Available
[ ] .NET Environment 3.5 WAS-NET-Environment Available
[ ] Windows Server Backup Windows-Server-Backup Available
[ ] Windows Server Migration Tools Migration Available
[ ] Windows Standards-Based Storage Management WindowsStorageManage... Available
[ ] WinRM IIS Extension WinRM-IIS-Ext Available
[ ] WINS Server WINS Available
答案1
此角色在 Windows Server Core 中不可用。您必须重新安装服务器并在安装过程中选择桌面体验版本。