双向 SSL 错误 - 400 仅针对客户端证书的 SSL 证书错误

双向 SSL 错误 - 400 仅针对客户端证书的 SSL 证书错误

我正在尝试使用由中间 CA 签名的 SSL 证书(用于服务器和客户端)配置双向 SSL。这是我到目前为止按照此步骤所做的教程

服务器 - nginx 应用程序

Nginx 配置了 SSL 证书(由中级 CA 签名)。

server {
  listen 443;
  server_name app-ca.test.com;
  ssl on;

  ssl_certificate /root/ca/intermediate/certs/app-plus-intermediate.pem;
  ssl_certificate_key /root/ca/intermediate/private/app-ca-interm-ca.test.com.key.pem;
  ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
  ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
  ssl_prefer_server_ciphers   on;

  # I have also tried adding the Intermediate CA cert in vain
  # ssl_client_certificate /root/client_rootca_intermediate.crt;
  ssl_client_certificate /root/client_rootca.crt;
  ssl_verify_client on;

  location / {
      root /usr/share/nginx/massl;
      index index.html index.htm;
  }
}

客户端 - curl 或 OpenSSL s_client

我有一个由其他中级 CA 签名的客户端证书,但该证书失败,原因如下:400 The SSL certificate error

我也曾尝试传递(命令-cert中的选项openssl)客户端的中间 CA 和根 CA 以及客户端证书,但没有成功。

$ cat /root/ca/intermediate/certs/client.cert.pem /root/ca/intermediate/certs/intermediate.cert.pem > /root/ca/intermediate/certs/client_plus_intermediate.cert.pem

$ cat /root/ca/intermediate/certs/client.cert.pem /root/ca/intermediate/certs/intermediate.cert.pem > /root/ca/intermediate/certs/intermediate_plus_client.cert.pem

$ cat /root/ca/intermediate/certs/client.cert.pem /root/ca/intermediate/certs/intermediate.cert.pem /root/ca/certs/ca.cert.pem > /root/ca/intermediate/certs/client_plus_intermediate_plus_ca.cert.pem

简短错误日志

<html>
<head><title>400 The SSL certificate error</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>400 Bad Request</h1></center>
<center>The SSL certificate error</center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.13.5</center>
</body>
</html>

长错误日志

为了简洁起见,我缩短了长哈希值。

$ openssl s_client -connect app-ca.test.com:443 -tls1 -key /root/ca/intermediate/private/client.key.pem -cert /root/ca/intermediate/certs/client.cert.pem -CAfile /root/server_rootca.crt -state -debug
CONNECTED(00000003)
SSL_connect:before/connect initialization
write to 0x2239a90 [0x226e3c3] (181 bytes => 181 (0xB5))
0000 - 16 03 01 00 b0 01 00 00-ac 03 01 16 ed fa 81 3e   ...............>
0010 - fc 25 c1 55 73 8a ca 5f-d3 56 11 a6 0f 38 6e 3c   .%.Us.._.V...8n<
0020 - 52 fb 1f 9b fb 4f 4f 3e-5a fb 82 00 00 64 c0 14   R....OO>Z....d..
0090 - 00 ff 01 00 00 1f 00 0b-00 04 03 00 01 02 00 0a   ................
00a0 - 00 0a 00 08 00 17 00 19-00 18 00 16 00 23 00 00   .............#..
00b0 - 00 0f 00 01 01                                    .....
SSL_connect:SSLv3 write client hello A
read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e73] (5 bytes => 5 (0x5))
0000 - 16 03 01 00 42                                    ....B
read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e78] (66 bytes => 66 (0x42))
0000 - 02 00 00 3e 03 01 6f e5-89 1d bd 5a 58 26 d7 11   ...>..o....ZX&..
0010 - 8a 05 fd 2a 04 96 58 2e-2e 19 a7 89 46 a0 5b 21   ...*..X.....F.[!
0020 - c3 90 1c 3e 0b e6 00 c0-14 00 00 16 ff 01 00 01   ...>............
0030 - 00 00 0b 00 04 03 00 01-02 00 23 00 00 00 0f 00   ..........#.....
0040 - 01 01                                             ..
SSL_connect:SSLv3 read server hello A
read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e73] (5 bytes => 5 (0x5))
0000 - 16 03 01 0c ab                                    .....
read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e78] (3243 bytes => 3243 (0xCAB))
0000 - 0b 00 0c a7 00 0c a4 00-06 64 30 82 06 60 30 82   .........d0..`0.

0c90 - 5f b6 c7 86 5d 41 b3 fb-9c fe d3 0a 26 01 f9 d9   _...]A......&...
0ca0 - a6 ae 7f ff 4f c7 0b e8-97 b3 1c                  ....O......
depth=2 C = GB, ST = England, L = Melbourne, O = Alice Ltd, OU = IT Services, CN = server-and-ca.test.com, emailAddress = [email protected]
verify return:1
depth=1 C = GB, ST = England, O = Alice Ltd, OU = Shared Services, CN = server-and-interm-ca.test.com, emailAddress = [email protected]
verify return:1
depth=0 C = US, ST = California, L = Mountain View, O = Alice Ltd, OU = Alice Ltd Web Services, CN = app-ca-interm-ca.test.com, emailAddress = [email protected]
verify return:1
SSL_connect:SSLv3 read server certificate A
read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e73] (5 bytes => 5 (0x5))
0000 - 16 03 01 01 4b                                    ....K
read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e78] (331 bytes => 331 (0x14B))
0000 - 0c 00 01 47 03 00 17 41-04 13 5d 81 04 36 18 e7   ...G...A..]..6..
0010 - da bf 5e 30 dd d8 ee 77-f9 56 aa 77 8b 9e cd 3e   ..^0...w.V.w...>.
0110 - d1 82 65 0f 5d 9c 03 ba-5f 7f 62 33 a8 a6 62 8e   ..e.]..._.b3..b.
0120 - f2 5c 03 1d 4d 47 04 16-cb 80 09 39 32 be ca 23   .\..MG.....92..#
0130 - 41 95 36 a6 4b 6b f0 6c-df a5 4b 26 d4 4a c5 f3   A.6.Kk.l..K&.J..
0140 - 99 0d c8 d8 aa 5d f8 88-86 b3 15                  .....].....
SSL_connect:SSLv3 read server key exchange A
read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e73] (5 bytes => 5 (0x5))
0000 - 16 03 01 00 bc                                    .....
read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e78] (188 bytes => 188 (0xBC))
0000 - 0d 00 00 b4 03 01 02 40-00 ae 00 ac 30 81 a9 31   [email protected]
0010 - 0b 30 09 06 03 55 04 06-13 02 47 42 31 10 30 0e   .0...U....GB1.0.
0090 - 06 09 2a 86 48 86 f7 0d-01 09 01 16 1b 72 6f 6f   ..*.H........roo
00a0 - 74 40 63 6c 69 65 6e 74-2d 61 6e 64 2d 63 61 2e   t@client-and-ca.
00b0 - 74 65 73 74 2e 63 6f 6d-0e                        test.com.
00bc - <SPACES/NULS>
SSL_connect:SSLv3 read server certificate request A
SSL_connect:SSLv3 read server done A
write to 0x2239a90 [0x2273910] (1593 bytes => 1593 (0x639))
0000 - 16 03 01 06 34 0b 00 06-30 00 06 2d 00 06 2a 30   ....4...0..-..*0
0010 - 82 06 26 30 82 04 0e a0-03 02 01 02 02 02 10 00   ..&0............
05f0 - 29 2a 6c 40 d1 ed 8f 6d-15 b2 cd 6a 7b 72 30 91   )*[email protected]{r0.
0600 - ea 29 16 48 f2 11 21 15-3a 50 32 8b 95 87 b8 09   .).H..!.:P2.....
0610 - 11 84 9a a4 d2 b8 46 33-7a a2 79 51 ba 23 8c 96   ......F3z.yQ.#..
0620 - 45 62 2e b9 f5 ea 23 79-53 e0 cb 72 1f e6 19 d4   Eb....#yS..r....
0630 - 75 18 a8 2e 44 2f f3 8b-a7                        u...D/...
SSL_connect:SSLv3 write client certificate A
write to 0x2239a90 [0x2273910] (75 bytes => 75 (0x4B))
0000 - 16 03 01 00 46 10 00 00-42 41 04 b9 b3 02 d2 bc   ....F...BA......
0010 - e2 8b 49 a7 f6 8c 59 66-fc 0e 39 79 c7 23 34 e9   ..I...Yf..9y.#4.
0020 - 3e 04 98 3a 60 78 1d aa-51 06 46 80 09 10 c4 7e   >..:`x..Q.F....~
0030 - a5 e7 05 d1 82 f2 0d bb-9a ca e7 29 01 0b 88 6d   ...........)...m
0040 - ed c3 52 73 b1 d4 3a 95-00 e8                     ..Rs..:...
004b - <SPACES/NULS>
SSL_connect:SSLv3 write client key exchange A
write to 0x2239a90 [0x2273910] (267 bytes => 267 (0x10B))
0000 - 16 03 01 01 06 0f 00 01-02 01 00 5e 29 8e 7c 69   ...........^).|i
0010 - 1e 10 0d 01 39 35 db 18-7e 4a a7 12 ae 12 7e f0   ....95..~J....~.
0020 - d6 93 c5 0a ba 5d e4 f1-a4 ae 8f c4 7d 52 80 16   .....]......}R..
00f0 - 6f 1f 56 73 bc ab 7f 07-1d f7 b4 ec d7 58 57 cd   o.Vs.........XW.
0100 - cd e0 37 b3 58 09 3a 75-93 02 ab                  ..7.X.:u...
SSL_connect:SSLv3 write certificate verify A
write to 0x2239a90 [0x2273910] (6 bytes => 6 (0x6))
0000 - 14 03 01 00 01 01                                 ......
SSL_connect:SSLv3 write change cipher spec A
write to 0x2239a90 [0x2273910] (53 bytes => 53 (0x35))
0000 - 16 03 01 00 30 24 90 78-08 d3 10 f3 f8 e3 c8 86   ....0$.x........
0010 - 82 f1 54 d1 38 7b 57 7b-83 a3 49 b9 3b 80 b2 86   ..T.8{W{..I.;...
0020 - 54 74 92 ec 9a a7 e7 28-1a ec 72 4c 64 8e f3 e3   Tt.....(..rLd...
0030 - 08 96 89 2a 03                                    ...*.
SSL_connect:SSLv3 write finished A
SSL_connect:SSLv3 flush data
read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e73] (5 bytes => 5 (0x5))
0000 - 16 03 01 06 ea                                    .....
read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e78] (1770 bytes => 1770 (0x6EA))
0000 - 04 00 06 e6 00 00 01 2c-06 e0 09 8d 58 07 45 c9   .......,....X.E.
0010 - 58 49 42 f4 13 00 47 12-be 22 a2 e3 a0 b6 22 bd   XIB...G.."....".
06d0 - a1 11 26 db 43 c8 6e 47-2f 40 65 61 e1 4e ef 0a   ..&.C.nG/@ea.N..
06e0 - 57 e0 28 19 2d 0d c6 7f-ae 2e                     W.(.-.....
SSL_connect:SSLv3 read server session ticket A
read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e73] (5 bytes => 5 (0x5))
0000 - 14 03 01 00 01                                    .....
read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e78] (1 bytes => 1 (0x1))
0000 - 01                                                .
read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e73] (5 bytes => 5 (0x5))
0000 - 16 03 01 00 30                                    ....0
read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e78] (48 bytes => 48 (0x30))
0000 - 7d 5f 53 a4 5e 85 67 67-8d 6c d6 6e 93 cd c6 75   }_S.^.gg.l.n...u
0010 - c1 83 17 d9 a8 e3 89 23-86 6b 8a 04 2d 46 7e 95   .......#.k..-F~.
0020 - 15 46 a4 ec 73 f3 3d 78-1b 0e 94 62 79 cf 96 3d   .F..s.=x...by..=
SSL_connect:SSLv3 read finished A
---
Certificate chain
 0 s:/C=US/ST=California/L=Mountain View/O=Alice Ltd/OU=Alice Ltd Web Services/CN=app-ca-interm-ca.test.com/[email protected]
   i:/C=GB/ST=England/O=Alice Ltd/OU=Shared Services/CN=server-and-interm-ca.test.com/[email protected]
 1 s:/C=GB/ST=England/O=Alice Ltd/OU=Shared Services/CN=server-and-interm-ca.test.com/[email protected]
   i:/C=GB/ST=England/L=Melbourne/O=Alice Ltd/OU=IT Services/CN=server-and-ca.test.com/[email protected]
---
Server certificate
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIGYDCCBEigAwIBAgICEAAwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQAwgagxCzAJBgNVBAYTAkdC
MRAwDgYDVQQIDAdFbmdsYW5kMRIwEAYDVQQKDAlBbGljZSBMdGQxGDAWBgNVBAsM
zBcik+fj+MUtDzhEl6EuW1ILjAvt5u4KBxj6d0yAXzleACOYncYWWzMfQdrFmwKh
W2opZQ==
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
subject=/C=US/ST=California/L=Mountain View/O=Alice Ltd/OU=Alice Ltd Web Services/CN=app-ca-interm-ca.test.com/[email protected]
issuer=/C=GB/ST=England/O=Alice Ltd/OU=Shared Services/CN=server-and-interm-ca.test.com/[email protected]
---
Acceptable client certificate CA names
/C=GB/ST=England/L=Sydney/O=Something/OU=Shared Services/CN=client-and-ca.test.com/[email protected]
Client Certificate Types: RSA sign, DSA sign, ECDSA sign
Server Temp Key: ECDH, P-256, 256 bits
---
SSL handshake has read 5682 bytes and written 2175 bytes
---
New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Server public key is 2048 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
No ALPN negotiated
SSL-Session:
    Protocol  : TLSv1
    Cipher    : ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
    Session-ID: 2AF7BFD60D3EC4686EAAAE1971FBD8999E65C5C80A32182CB9A668B1411DB09C
    Session-ID-ctx:
    Master-Key: B3F714B4ACB61C6310311025B25AFBAFA9E9AAEBB5ACD5FEEAE5DCAE2690DECBFA4EC5CBD2C8A50F349F43026CD0C564
    Key-Arg   : None
    Krb5 Principal: None
    PSK identity: None
    PSK identity hint: None
    TLS session ticket lifetime hint: 300 (seconds)
    TLS session ticket:
    0000 - 09 8d 58 07 45 c9 58 49-42 f4 13 00 47 12 be 22   ..X.E.XIB...G.."
    0010 - a2 e3 a0 b6 22 bd 0d 71-c9 46 bd ab 84 85 06 f7   ...."..q.F......
    06b0 - 66 76 1f 3e 49 23 dc 2b-be 9e d5 03 b8 a5 a1 7d   fv.>I#.+.......}
    06c0 - 4d 56 79 3f 81 78 a1 11-26 db 43 c8 6e 47 2f 40   MVy?.x..&.C.nG/@
    06d0 - 65 61 e1 4e ef 0a 57 e0-28 19 2d 0d c6 7f ae 2e   ea.N..W.(.-.....

    Start Time: 1506251677
    Timeout   : 7200 (sec)
    Verify return code: 0 (ok)
---
GET / HTTP/1.0
write to 0x2239a90 [0x226e3c6] (90 bytes => 90 (0x5A))
0000 - 17 03 01 00 20 ca 44 95-8c a0 32 52 4d da d8 02   .... .D...2RM...
0010 - db bd 97 88 0e e3 cb b9-9e fb 50 7e 71 24 37 83   ..........P~q$7.
0020 - f8 48 03 a0 a1 17 03 01-00 30 db 99 b2 0c 6c e6   .H.......0....l.
0030 - f4 25 3d 54 2f b1 a3 3c-be 2a 36 94 6c ce 6d 8d   .%=T/..<.*6.l.m.
0040 - 3d 54 82 d3 f0 2a 40 3d-fc 3f 1b 3e 4a 40 10 e5   =T...*@=.?.>J@..
0050 - 1d eb ab 00 69 f1 e0 4a-27 47                     ....i..J'G

write to 0x2239a90 [0x226e3c6] (74 bytes => 74 (0x4A))
0000 - 17 03 01 00 20 95 06 3d-51 d5 7c c2 05 ef a7 d6   .... ..=Q.|.....
0010 - 2b 25 9c dd ec 5f 7c c0-15 83 c6 ca ea 47 a1 b2   +%..._|......G..
0020 - 82 2d 46 7d 64 17 03 01-00 20 3b 2e 36 63 10 b3   .-F}d.... ;.6c..
0030 - 50 c7 ec 36 a4 27 a0 4d-db bb 83 b5 c6 e8 d5 fa   P..6.'.M........
0040 - ca 76 dc e7 63 8f 94 b3-24 3f                     .v..c...$?
read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e73] (5 bytes => 5 (0x5))
0000 - 17 03 01 01 a0                                    .....
read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e78] (416 bytes => 416 (0x1A0))
0000 - a6 8b c1 bb a4 aa 12 2e-81 d9 45 41 74 0e 33 a4   ..........EAt.3.
0190 - 37 be 58 ca 01 80 fc 7c-79 2b 3f 54 a4 cd 4a 07   7.X....|y+?T..J.
HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
Server: nginx/1.13.5
Date: Sun, 24 Sep 2017 11:14:49 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 231
Connection: close

<html>
<head><title>400 The SSL certificate error</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>400 Bad Request</h1></center>
<center>The SSL certificate error</center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.13.5</center>
</body>
</html>
read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e73] (5 bytes => 5 (0x5))
0000 - 15 03 01                                          ...
0005 - <SPACES/NULS>
read from 0x2239a90 [0x2269e78] (32 bytes => 32 (0x20))
0000 - c3 75 ba 40 21 83 f7 0e-11 98 7b 44 84 bb 23 d5   .u.@!.....{D..#.
0010 - 80 32 1e 3e b6 b7 dd 4a-16 09 31 e9 62 a9 cd a3   .2.>...J..1.b...
SSL3 alert read:warning:close notify
closed
write to 0x2239a90 [0x226e3c3] (37 bytes => 37 (0x25))
0000 - 15 03 01 00 20 bd 18 f2-df 1b 84 fc 8e e0 80 a1   .... ...........
0010 - 2f 6f 31 b4 4c fc 1c e5-36 1f c5 fb 5d c0 f8 dc   /o1.L...6...]...
0020 - 19 6b 03 c3 2d                                    .k..-
SSL3 alert write:warning:close notify

有趣的是,如果我使用客户端的根 CA 或客户端的中间 CA 的证书,上述命令可以正常工作。

答案1

最终,我找到了问题的根源。我的设置存在两个问题。

a) 对于双向 SSL,中级 CA 签名的证书必须具有clientAuthextendedKeyUsage感谢@dave_thompson_085),可以通过以下命令进行验证

$ openssl x509 -in /path/to/client/cert -noout -purpose | grep 'SSL client :'
SSL client : Yes

b)另外,缺少的是ssl_验证深度nginx 配置文件中的参数必须为或大于。将数字设为大于我的情况2没有多大意义,但它适用于除(默认值)之外的任何数字。有趣的是,这在 nginx v1.12.X 中不是必需的(我的同事使用完全相同的设置,不必指定这一点)。但是,在我使用此参数之前,它对我(nginx v1.13.5)不起作用。21

经过三天的摇头之后,我可以安然入睡了。

提示:不要依赖curl太多方法来解决双向 SSL 问题,openssl s_client而是尝试一下。curl有时会给出误导性的结果,请参阅。我也在我的 Ubuntu 16.04 docker 容器中摸索了一段时间。

答案2

当我的计算机(我颁发证书的地方)和我测试应用程序的 VM 时钟不同步时,我遇到了这个问题。因此valid_fromVM 尚未达到要求,检查一直失败,直到它突然开始工作(因为 VM 最终赶上了)。

通过将 nginx 上的日志详细程度增加到debug

error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log debug;

我在日志中收到了这条消息

2019/01/29 07:43:57 [info] 30280#0: *3 client SSL certificate verify error: (11:CRL is not yet valid) while reading client request headers, client: 192.168.56.1, server: frontapiserver, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", host: "fe.dev"

并且在客户端我收到了400错误消息。

<html>
<head><title>400 The SSL certificate error</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>400 Bad Request</h1></center>
<center>The SSL certificate error</center>
<hr><center>nginx</center>
</body>
</html>

答案3

openssl s_client -cert $file只能提供“该”客户端证书(单数,一个),而不是证书链;如果您未指定-key,也可以选择提供私钥,但仍然不能提供除客户端证书之外的任何证书。如果您将任何其他证书放入该文件中,它们将被完全忽略。

但 libssl 使用信任库中的证书来填充客户端的证书链此外其名义上的目的是验证服务器的证书链。阅读微妙而明确的话语手册页

-CApath 目录

用于服务器证书验证的目录。此目录必须采用“哈希格式”,有关详细信息,请参阅验证。这些目录在构建客户端证书链时也会用到。

-CAfile 文件

包含服务器身份验证期间使用的以及尝试构建客户端证书链时使用的可信证书的文件。

由于您需要指定您的私有根来验证服务器链,如果您提供-CAfile一个包含您的根和中间的文件,那么两个方向都可以工作。

与其他一些将中间件放入信任库中会导致验证在该点停止的实现不同,OpenSSL 将使用信任库证书来完成不完整的接收链,但默认情况下仍会验证最多来自信任库;要尽早停止,您必须指定-partial_chain(1.1.0 中的新功能)。


但是,我很惊讶地发现配置包含根和中间的服务器ssl_client_certificate不起作用。nginx 也使用 OpenSSL,正如我所说,libssl 将使用信任库中的中间来完成(但不验证)收到的链。因此,这种方法虽然不符合官方标准(发送方负责发送模根的完整链),但实际上应该有效。我稍后有机会时会尝试测试。

答案4

SSL 证书依赖于特定域,这意味着如果您有多个 SSL 证书,那么应该将它们添加到不同的服务器块。像这样。

server {
  listen 443;
  server_name app-ca.testA.com;
  ssl on;

  ssl_certificate /root/ca/intermediate/certs/app-plus-intermediate.pem;
  ssl_client_certificate /root/client_rootca.crt;
  ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
  ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
  ssl_prefer_server_ciphers   on;

  # I have also tried adding the Intermediate CA cert in vain
  # ssl_client_certificate /root/client_rootca_intermediate.crt;
  ssl_client_certificate /root/client_rootca.crt;
  ssl_verify_client on;

  location / {
      root /usr/share/nginx/massl;
      index index.html index.htm;
  }
}

server {
  listen 443;
  server_name app-ca.testB.com;
  ssl on;
ssl_certificate_key /root/ca/intermediate/private/app-ca-interm-ca.test.com.key.pem;
ssl_client_certificate /root/client_rootcb.crt;
}

我还注意到在您的站点 nginx 中只存在一个证书,除非这是一个通配符证书,否则您应该有 2 个证书。

希望这可以帮助

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