我的系统很好，配置得很好，然后我的一个驱动器出现故障zfs（raidz2）。我更换了那个驱动器，但它却无法注册。所以当我重新启动时，系统无法启动，直到其中一个未知的阵列驱动器断开连接（我认为是新的）。
此后，我已启动（通过断开连接，然后在启动过程早期重新连接），zfs成功更换了驱动器，并且系统正常运行。但是我现在需要修复启动问题。
看一下fstab，它似乎是正确的uuid，所以我看不出问题是什么。
UUID=bbc69fc6-12fa-499a-a0c6-e0f65e248ce2 / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=226e836d-7b8e-424c-b0a0-0397ee458c7c /boot xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=60c94586-7d6a-4e8a-b350-04719990cb69 /home xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=4d91f3bb-8c97-43c8-acea-fb1dd1fe0ed7 swap swap defaults 0 0
这是blkid
/dev/sda1: LABEL="san" UUID="6838649739541725191" UUID_SUB="4029408817980194900" TYPE="zfs_member" PARTLABEL="zfs-288cf7ef18c79daa" PARTUUID="ec08031c-df8f-cd4b-9e38-010b5e967cab"
/dev/sdb1: LABEL="System Reserved" UUID="A2885ECD885EA019" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sdb2: UUID="5E2E62DB2E62ABA9" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sdb3: UUID="226e836d-7b8e-424c-b0a0-0397ee458c7c" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sdb5: UUID="60c94586-7d6a-4e8a-b350-04719990cb69" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sdb6: UUID="4d91f3bb-8c97-43c8-acea-fb1dd1fe0ed7" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sdb7: UUID="bbc69fc6-12fa-499a-a0c6-e0f65e248ce2" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sdc1: LABEL="san" UUID="6838649739541725191" UUID_SUB="13087102930353693443" TYPE="zfs_member" PARTLABEL="zfs-1e90ee20c4627577" PARTUUID="00e53f8e-9545-844d-9a0e-6c8746643114"
/dev/sdd1: LABEL="san" UUID="6838649739541725191" UUID_SUB="2133500285998926230" TYPE="zfs_member" PARTLABEL="zfs-19ae99cec015d0db" PARTUUID="440f2613-f23b-3c4e-bd90-ce2ef28f3e9f"
/dev/sde1: LABEL="san" UUID="6838649739541725191" UUID_SUB="7987608574075307207" TYPE="zfs_member" PARTLABEL="zfs-8427c3bf89616cda" PARTUUID="6792f785-4803-1643-888b-a98fd6f6743e"
/dev/sdf1: LABEL="san" UUID="6838649739541725191" UUID_SUB="676738182062217510" TYPE="zfs_member" PARTLABEL="zfs-061b31fabbe106cb" PARTUUID="1f50712e-0c01-d445-9ad7-381d08307c2b"
/dev/sdg1: LABEL="san" UUID="6838649739541725191" UUID_SUB="10361692541083745258" TYPE="zfs_member" PARTLABEL="zfs-5d020760c598b14c" PARTUUID="eaae6308-64b3-004d-a7c8-be4e55c8c859"
/dev/sda9: PARTUUID="4aa5c270-b2c6-4342-aea0-5ae7f4a1eba4"
/dev/sdc9: PARTUUID="c06d2bcf-5c87-f24c-8782-aed395d053d7"
/dev/sdd9: PARTUUID="ec587856-71ad-5d42-9ad0-8251ee74f151"
/dev/sde9: PARTUUID="80203adf-4e65-5e42-8e9b-2a6ccf0eafca"
/dev/sdf9: PARTUUID="ea6c550c-f1a7-4a48-bf51-72c4ba44ab00"
/dev/sdg9: PARTUUID="b0e178b5-12ec-ac44-a5a8-1a05228e2015"
症状是，当它们连接时，POST 时会失败，因此无法完全加载内核linux，在 POST 时会卡住，屏幕上只有一个光标。通常我看到这个光标闪烁，向下跳几行，然后内核linux会给我启动选择。
现在它跳了就停了，哈哈。
仔细查看，我看到了ntfs其中的条目 ( sdb1)，那到底是什么，会不会是问题所在？这很可能是我去年设置这一切时遇到的问题。
我应该从哪里开始调试这个问题？
根据请求： @迈克尔·汉普顿
目前的新驱动器是/dev/sdg，启动驱动器是/dev/sda。在我执行此操作之前zfs replace，我记得sda启动驱动器有时会随机切换到/dev/sdb，但仍然启动，即可能是问题的一部分最近我在启动时所有连接都正常。
这是我的分区表
$ fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x44fdfe06
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 206847 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda2 206848 256002047 127897600 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda3 256002048 257026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 257026048 976773119 359873536 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 257028096 467412991 105192448 83 Linux
/dev/sda6 467415040 479737855 6161408 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda7 479739904 563625983 41943040 83 Linux
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.
Disk /dev/sdb: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
Disk identifier: 18C699EF-38E1-3B4F-8D2A-07F0101E7B11
# Start End Size Type Name
1 2048 3907012607 1.8T Solaris /usr & zfs-1e90ee20c4627577
9 3907012608 3907028991 8M Solaris reserve
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.
Disk /dev/sdc: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
Disk identifier: 182F023B-C53D-4949-8CA9-209E34A8DCE3
# Start End Size Type Name
1 2048 3907012607 1.8T Solaris /usr & zfs-19ae99cec015d0db
9 3907012608 3907028991 8M Solaris reserve
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.
Disk /dev/sdd: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
Disk identifier: BA7402DC-461B-6A4D-8611-DE3C7889E4F5
# Start End Size Type Name
1 2048 3907012607 1.8T Solaris /usr & zfs-8427c3bf89616cda
9 3907012608 3907028991 8M Solaris reserve
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.
Disk /dev/sde: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
Disk identifier: 3252FCB6-A509-EE45-9A2B-6F6EC7612239
# Start End Size Type Name
1 2048 3907012607 1.8T Solaris /usr & zfs-061b31fabbe106cb
9 3907012608 3907028991 8M Solaris reserve
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.
Disk /dev/sdf: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
Disk identifier: 7DFD1DFA-E3D1-4D4C-BE65-3C971B422D61
# Start End Size Type Name
1 2048 3907012607 1.8T Solaris /usr & zfs-5d020760c598b14c
9 3907012608 3907028991 8M Solaris reserve
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.
Disk /dev/sdg: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
Disk identifier: 8E166E43-4E09-F44B-976F-CB2E0ED93945
再次 blkid
$ blkid
/dev/sda7: UUID="bbc69fc6-12fa-499a-a0c6-e0f65e248ce2" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda3: UUID="226e836d-7b8e-424c-b0a0-0397ee458c7c" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda6: UUID="4d91f3bb-8c97-43c8-acea-fb1dd1fe0ed7" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sda1: LABEL="System Reserved" UUID="A2885ECD885EA019" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sda2: UUID="5E2E62DB2E62ABA9" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sda5: UUID="60c94586-7d6a-4e8a-b350-04719990cb69" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sdb1: LABEL="san" UUID="6838649739541725191" UUID_SUB="13087102930353693443" TYPE="zfs_member" PARTLABEL="zfs-1e90ee20c4627577" PARTUUID="00e53f8e-9545-844d-9a0e-6c8746643114"
/dev/sdb9: PARTUUID="c06d2bcf-5c87-f24c-8782-aed395d053d7"
/dev/sdc1: LABEL="san" UUID="6838649739541725191" UUID_SUB="2133500285998926230" TYPE="zfs_member" PARTLABEL="zfs-19ae99cec015d0db" PARTUUID="440f2613-f23b-3c4e-bd90-ce2ef28f3e9f"
/dev/sdc9: PARTUUID="ec587856-71ad-5d42-9ad0-8251ee74f151"
/dev/sdd1: LABEL="san" UUID="6838649739541725191" UUID_SUB="7987608574075307207" TYPE="zfs_member" PARTLABEL="zfs-8427c3bf89616cda" PARTUUID="6792f785-4803-1643-888b-a98fd6f6743e"
/dev/sdd9: PARTUUID="80203adf-4e65-5e42-8e9b-2a6ccf0eafca"
/dev/sde1: LABEL="san" UUID="6838649739541725191" UUID_SUB="676738182062217510" TYPE="zfs_member" PARTLABEL="zfs-061b31fabbe106cb" PARTUUID="1f50712e-0c01-d445-9ad7-381d08307c2b"
/dev/sde9: PARTUUID="ea6c550c-f1a7-4a48-bf51-72c4ba44ab00"
/dev/sdf1: LABEL="san" UUID="6838649739541725191" UUID_SUB="10361692541083745258" TYPE="zfs_member" PARTLABEL="zfs-5d020760c598b14c" PARTUUID="eaae6308-64b3-004d-a7c8-be4e55c8c859"
/dev/sdf9: PARTUUID="b0e178b5-12ec-ac44-a5a8-1a05228e2015"
/dev/sdg1: LABEL="san" UUID="6838649739541725191" UUID_SUB="4029408817980194900" TYPE="zfs_member" PARTLABEL="zfs-288cf7ef18c79daa" PARTUUID="ec08031c-df8f-cd4b-9e38-010b5e967cab"
/dev/sdg9: PARTUUID="4aa5c270-b2c6-4342-aea0-5ae7f4a1eba4"
smartctl 日志
正如下面的评论中提到的，我smartctl通过我编写的脚本保留了一些日志以检查驱动器的运行状况。
sda 日志，请注意它在 12 月 28 日切换了驱动器，例如
$ tail -n 80 sda.log
Reallocated sectors - - 0"
Pending sectors- - 24"
Mon Oct 2 21:35:53 PDT 2017
Model Number: ST2000DM001-1E6164
Temp- - 35 (0 15 0 0 0)"
Hours- - 26052"
Reallocated sectors - - 2136"
Pending sectors- - 840"
Sun Nov 26 21:17:10 PST 2017
Model Number: WDC WD5000AACS-00ZUB0
Temp- - 37"
Hours- - 21298"
Reallocated sectors - - 0"
Pending sectors- - 0"
Sun Nov 26 21:53:14 PST 2017
Model Number: WDC WD5000AACS-00ZUB0
Temp- - 38"
Hours- - 21299"
Reallocated sectors - - 0"
Pending sectors- - 0"
Sun Nov 26 22:32:53 PST 2017
Model Number: WDC WD5000AACS-00ZUB0
Temp- - 39"
Hours- - 21299"
Reallocated sectors - - 0"
Pending sectors- - 0"
Sun Nov 26 23:24:36 PST 2017
Model Number: WDC WD5000AACS-00ZUB0
Temp- - 40"
Hours- - 21300"
Reallocated sectors - - 0"
Pending sectors- - 0"
Thu Nov 30 18:46:03 PST 2017
Model Number: WDC WD5000AACS-00ZUB0
Temp- - 35"
Hours- - 21392"
Reallocated sectors - - 0"
Pending sectors- - 0"
Tue Dec 5 17:31:57 PST 2017
Model Number: ST2000NM0011
Temp- - 34 (0 25 0 0 0)"
Hours- - 217"
Reallocated sectors - - 438"
Pending sectors- - 0"
Thu Dec 28 00:08:09 PST 2017
Model Number: WDC WD5000AACS-00ZUB0
Temp- - 40"
Hours- - 22037"
Reallocated sectors - - 0"
Pending sectors- - 0"
Tue Jan 2 13:05:22 PST 2018
Model Number: WDC WD5000AACS-00ZUB0
Temp- - 38"
Hours- - 22170"
Reallocated sectors - - 0"
Pending sectors- - 0"
Tue Jan 2 16:46:34 PST 2018
Model Number: WDC WD5000AACS-00ZUB0
Temp- - 39"
Hours- - 22174"
Reallocated sectors - - 0"
Pending sectors- - 0"
Tue Jan 2 23:09:37 PST 2018
Model Number: WDC WD5000AACS-00ZUB0
Temp- - 40"
Hours- - 22180"
Reallocated sectors - - 0"
Pending sectors- - 0"
sdb 日志
$ tail -n 80 sdb.log
Reallocated sectors - - 0"
Pending sectors- - 0"
Mon Oct 2 21:35:55 PDT 2017
Model Number: WDC WD5000AACS-00ZUB0
Temp- - 42"
Hours- - 19982"
Reallocated sectors - - 0"
Pending sectors- - 0"
Sun Nov 26 21:17:11 PST 2017
Model Number: ST2000DM001-9YN164
Temp- - 34 (0 17 0 0 0)"
Hours- - 70405"
Reallocated sectors - - 0"
Pending sectors- - 0"
Sun Nov 26 21:53:16 PST 2017
Model Number: ST2000DM001-9YN164
Temp- - 37 (0 17 0 0 0)"
Hours- - 70406"
Reallocated sectors - - 0"
Pending sectors- - 0"
Sun Nov 26 22:32:55 PST 2017
Model Number: ST2000DM001-9YN164
Temp- - 38 (0 17 0 0 0)"
Hours- - 70406"
Reallocated sectors - - 0"
Pending sectors- - 0"
Sun Nov 26 23:24:37 PST 2017
Model Number: ST2000DM001-9YN164
Temp- - 38 (0 17 0 0 0)"
Hours- - 70407"
Reallocated sectors - - 0"
Pending sectors- - 0"
Thu Nov 30 18:46:04 PST 2017
Model Number: ST2000DM001-9YN164
Temp- - 31 (0 17 0 0 0)"
Hours- - 70498"
Reallocated sectors - - 0"
Pending sectors- - 0"
Tue Dec 5 17:31:58 PST 2017
Model Number: WDC WD5000AACS-00ZUB0
Temp- - 38"
Hours- - 21510"
Reallocated sectors - - 0"
Pending sectors- - 0"
Thu Dec 28 00:08:10 PST 2017
Model Number: WDC WD20EZRX-00DC0B0
Temp- - 36"
Hours- - 35324"
Reallocated sectors - - 0"
Pending sectors- - 0"
Tue Jan 2 13:05:23 PST 2018
Model Number: WDC WD20EZRX-00DC0B0
Temp- - 34"
Hours- - 35457"
Reallocated sectors - - 0"
Pending sectors- - 0"
Tue Jan 2 16:46:34 PST 2018
Model Number: WDC WD20EZRX-00DC0B0
Temp- - 34"
Hours- - 35460"
Reallocated sectors - - 0"
Pending sectors- - 0"
Tue Jan 2 23:09:37 PST 2018
Model Number: WDC WD20EZRX-00DC0B0
Temp- - 36"
Hours- - 35467"
Reallocated sectors - - 0"
Pending sectors- - 0"
答案1
问题解决了。
事实证明这是一个 BIOS 问题。
在 bios 中，我检查了驱动器顺序，当连接新驱动器时，正确的启动磁盘不再设置为磁盘 1。所以我需要进入该drives部分（在 bios 中）并设置1st drive为正确的磁盘。为了以防万一，我还禁用了外部驱动器作为第一个启动磁盘。