我已按照几个教程了解如何为 postfix 配置 SPF，但无法使其正常工作。我在本地网络上的 virtualbox 中安装了 ubuntu 14 lts、postfix 3.1、dovecot 和 BIND9，并建立了测试环境。这是我的 postfix 配置：
主配置文件
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu)
biff = no
# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
append_dot_mydomain = no
# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
#delay_warning_time = 4h
readme_directory = no
# TLS parameters
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/smtpd.crt
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/smtpd.key
smtpd_use_tls=yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1
# See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for
# information on enabling SSL in the smtp client.
smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated defer_unauth_destination check_policy_service
myhostname = example.loc
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
myorigin = /etc/mailname
mydestination = $myhostname, example.loc, ubuntu, localhost.localdomain, localhost
#relayhost =
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 192.168.20.0/24 192.168.3.0/24
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = all
inet_protocols = all
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
#SPF
policy-spf_time_limit = 3600s
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated,permit_mynetworks,reject_unauth_destination,check_policy_service unix:private/policy-spf
主配置文件
smtp inet n - y - - smtpd
submission inet n - y - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/submission
-o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
smtps inet n - y - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
pickup unix n - y 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - y - 0 cleanup
qmgr unix n - n 300 1 qmgr
tlsmgr unix - - y 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - y - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - y - 0 bounce
defer unix - - y - 0 bounce
trace unix - - y - 0 bounce
verify unix - - y - 1 verify
flush unix n - y 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - y - - smtp
relay unix - - y - - smtp
showq unix n - y - - showq
error unix - - y - - error
retry unix - - y - - error
discard unix - - y - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - y - - lmtp
anvil unix - - y - 1 anvil
scache unix - - y - 1 scache
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
uucp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
mailman unix - n n - - pipe
flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
${nexthop} ${user}
#SPF
policy-spf unix - n n - - spawn
user=nobody argv=/usr/bin/policyd-spf
policyd-spf.conf
debugLevel = 1
defaultSeedOnly = 1
HELO_reject = False
#SPF_Not_Pass
Mail_From_reject = Fail
PermError_reject = False
TempError_Defer = False
skip_addresses = 127.0.0.0/8,::ffff:127.0.0.0/104,::1
/var/log/mail.log 中没有关于 SPF 检查的日志，电子邮件中也没有标题。如何确定 spf 策略守护进程是否在运行？
答案1
在本地环境中，使用 192.168.3.0 上的 2 台服务器，我必须将 smtpd_recipient_restrictions 更改为：
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_unauth_destination,check_policy_service unix:private/policy-spf
省略（permit_mynetworks）参数。现在我可以在电子邮件和日志中看到 SPF 标头。
答案2
我猜你没有安装运行 policyd-spf python 代码所需的正确版本的 python，即 python3。最简单的方法是安装 python3（如果你没有的话）并直接指向它，master.cf如下所示。
user=nobody argv=/usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/policyd-spf
除此之外，对我来说一切看起来都是正确的。
一旦让它工作起来，您应该会看到与下面类似的内容，假设mail.log邮件发件人客户端不符合您的策略。
Dec 6 22:39:06 gorilla policyd-spf[14506]: 550 5.7.23 Message rejected due to: SPF fail - not authorized. Please see http://www.openspf.net/Why?s=helo;id=hrs.com;ip=183.128.34.50;r=<UNKNOWN>