首先，有一个非常相似的问题对我来说。我知道这一点，但是不幸的是，这个帖子中人们提出的方法并没有像他们预期的那样对我起作用。
这就是我提出新问题的原因。
我已经在基于 Debian 的 Raspibian 系统上安装了带有 Dovecot 和 Postfix 的邮件服务器。
输出apt list --installed | grep dovecot：
dovecot-core/stable,now 1:2.2.27-3+deb9u2 armhf [installed]
dovecot-imapd/stable,now 1:2.2.27-3+deb9u2 armhf [installed]
dovecot-managesieved/stable,now 1:2.2.27-3+deb9u2 armhf [installed]
dovecot-pop3d/stable,now 1:2.2.27-3+deb9u2 armhf [installed]
dovecot-sieve/stable,now 1:2.2.27-3+deb9u2 armhf [installed]
输出apt list --installed | grep postfix
postfix/stable,now 3.1.8-0+deb9u1 armhf [installed]
postfix-sqlite/stable,now 3.1.8-0+deb9u1 armhf [installed,automatic]
现在我面临的问题是：我可以发送电子邮件，并且根据文件~/Maildir/new接收电子邮件，就像使用任何其他正常工作的邮件服务器一样。但我的问题是，我的收件箱里没有收到任何电子邮件。
我不知道 Dovecot 和 Postfix 的配置中我的错误在哪里。
这是输出/etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf
1 ##
2 ## Mailbox locations and namespaces
3 ##
4
5 # Location for users' mailboxes. The default is empty, which means that Dovecot
6 # tries to find the mailboxes automatically. This won't work if the user
7 # doesn't yet have any mail, so you should explicitly tell Dovecot the full
8 # location.
9 #
10 # If you're using mbox, giving a path to the INBOX file (eg. /var/mail/%u)
11 # isn't enough. You'll also need to tell Dovecot where the other mailboxes are
12 # kept. This is called the "root mail directory", and it must be the first
13 # path given in the mail_location setting.
14 #
15 # There are a few special variables you can use, eg.:
16 #
17 # %u - username
18 # %n - user part in user@domain, same as %u if there's no domain
19 # %d - domain part in user@domain, empty if there's no domain
20 # %h - home directory
21 #
22 # See doc/wiki/Variables.txt for full list. Some examples:
23 #
24 # mail_location = maildir:~/Maildir
25 # mail_location = mbox:~/mail:INBOX=/var/mail/%u
26 # mail_location = mbox:/var/mail/%d/%1n/%n:INDEX=/var/indexes/%d/%1n/%n
27 #
28 # <doc/wiki/MailLocation.txt>
29 #
30 mail_location = mbox:~/Maildir:INBOX=/var/mail/%u
31
32 # If you need to set multiple mailbox locations or want to change default
33 # namespace settings, you can do it by defining namespace sections.
34 #
35 # You can have private, shared and public namespaces. Private namespaces
36 # are for user's personal mails. Shared namespaces are for accessing other
37 # users' mailboxes that have been shared. Public namespaces are for shared
38 # mailboxes that are managed by sysadmin. If you create any shared or public
39 # namespaces you'll typically want to enable ACL plugin also, otherwise all
40 # users can access all the shared mailboxes, assuming they have permissions
41 # on filesystem level to do so.
42 namespace inbox {
43 # Namespace type: private, shared or public
44 #type = private
45
46 # Hierarchy separator to use. You should use the same separator for all
47 # namespaces or some clients get confused. '/' is usually a good one.
48 # The default however depends on the underlying mail storage format.
49 #separator =
50
51 # Prefix required to access this namespace. This needs to be different for
52 # all namespaces. For example "Public/".
53 #prefix =
54
55 # Physical location of the mailbox. This is in same format as
56 # mail_location, which is also the default for it.
57 #location =
58
59 # There can be only one INBOX, and this setting defines which namespace
60 # has it.
61 inbox = yes
62
63 # If namespace is hidden, it's not advertised to clients via NAMESPACE
64 # extension. You'll most likely also want to set list=no. This is mostly
65 # useful when converting from another server with different namespaces which
66 # you want to deprecate but still keep working. For example you can create
67 # hidden namespaces with prefixes "~/mail/", "~%u/mail/" and "mail/".
68 #hidden = no
69
70 # Show the mailboxes under this namespace with LIST command. This makes the
71 # namespace visible for clients that don't support NAMESPACE extension.
72 # "children" value lists child mailboxes, but hides the namespace prefix.
73 #list = yes
74
75 # Namespace handles its own subscriptions. If set to "no", the parent
76 # namespace handles them (empty prefix should always have this as "yes")
77 #subscriptions = yes
78
79 # See 15-mailboxes.conf for definitions of special mailboxes.
80 }
81
82 # Example shared namespace configuration
83 #namespace {
84 #type = shared
85 #separator = /
86
87 # Mailboxes are visible under "shared/user@domain/"
88 # %%n, %%d and %%u are expanded to the destination user.
89 #prefix = shared/%%u/
90
91 # Mail location for other users' mailboxes. Note that %variables and ~/
92 # expands to the logged in user's data. %%n, %%d, %%u and %%h expand to the
93 # destination user's data.
94 #location = maildir:%%h/Maildir:INDEX=~/Maildir/shared/%%u
95
96 # Use the default namespace for saving subscriptions.
97 #subscriptions = no
98
99 # List the shared/ namespace only if there are visible shared mailboxes.
100 #list = children
101 #}
102 # Should shared INBOX be visible as "shared/user" or "shared/user/INBOX"?
103 #mail_shared_explicit_inbox = no
104
105 # System user and group used to access mails. If you use multiple, userdb
106 # can override these by returning uid or gid fields. You can use either numbers
107 # or names. <doc/wiki/UserIds.txt>
108 #mail_uid =
109 #mail_gid =
110
111 # Group to enable temporarily for privileged operations. Currently this is
112 # used only with INBOX when either its initial creation or dotlocking fails.
113 # Typically this is set to "mail" to give access to /var/mail.
114 #mail_privileged_group =
115
116 # Grant access to these supplementary groups for mail processes. Typically
117 # these are used to set up access to shared mailboxes. Note that it may be
118 # dangerous to set these if users can create symlinks (e.g. if "mail" group is
119 # set here, ln -s /var/mail ~/mail/var could allow a user to delete others'
120 # mailboxes, or ln -s /secret/shared/box ~/mail/mybox would allow reading it).
121 #mail_access_groups =
122
123 # Allow full filesystem access to clients. There's no access checks other than
124 # what the operating system does for the active UID/GID. It works with both
125 # maildir and mboxes, allowing you to prefix mailboxes names with eg. /path/
126 # or ~user/.
127 #mail_full_filesystem_access = no
128
129 # Dictionary for key=value mailbox attributes. This is used for example by
130 # URLAUTH and METADATA extensions.
131 #mail_attribute_dict =
132
133 # A comment or note that is associated with the server. This value is
134 # accessible for authenticated users through the IMAP METADATA server
135 # entry "/shared/comment".
136 #mail_server_comment = ""
137
138 # Indicates a method for contacting the server administrator. According to
139 # RFC 5464, this value MUST be a URI (e.g., a mailto: or tel: URL), but that
140 # is currently not enforced. Use for example mailto:[email protected]. This
141 # value is accessible for authenticated users through the IMAP METADATA server
142 # entry "/shared/admin".
143 #mail_server_admin =
144
145 ##
146 ## Mail processes
147 ##
148
149 # Don't use mmap() at all. This is required if you store indexes to shared
150 # filesystems (NFS or clustered filesystem).
151 #mmap_disable = no
152
153 # Rely on O_EXCL to work when creating dotlock files. NFS supports O_EXCL
154 # since version 3, so this should be safe to use nowadays by default.
155 #dotlock_use_excl = yes
156
157 # When to use fsync() or fdatasync() calls:
158 # optimized (default): Whenever necessary to avoid losing important data
159 # always: Useful with e.g. NFS when write()s are delayed
160 # never: Never use it (best performance, but crashes can lose data)
161 #mail_fsync = optimized
162
163 # Locking method for index files. Alternatives are fcntl, flock and dotlock.
164 # Dotlocking uses some tricks which may create more disk I/O than other locking
165 # methods. NFS users: flock doesn't work, remember to change mmap_disable.
166 #lock_method = fcntl
167
168 # Directory in which LDA/LMTP temporarily stores incoming mails >128 kB.
169 #mail_temp_dir = /tmp
170
171 # Valid UID range for users, defaults to 500 and above. This is mostly
172 # to make sure that users can't log in as daemons or other system users.
173 # Note that denying root logins is hardcoded to dovecot binary and can't
174 # be done even if first_valid_uid is set to 0.
175 #first_valid_uid = 500
176 #last_valid_uid = 0
177
178 # Valid GID range for users, defaults to non-root/wheel. Users having
179 # non-valid GID as primary group ID aren't allowed to log in. If user
180 # belongs to supplementary groups with non-valid GIDs, those groups are
181 # not set.
182 #first_valid_gid = 1
183 #last_valid_gid = 0
184
185 # Maximum allowed length for mail keyword name. It's only forced when trying
186 # to create new keywords.
187 #mail_max_keyword_length = 50
188
189 # ':' separated list of directories under which chrooting is allowed for mail
190 # processes (ie. /var/mail will allow chrooting to /var/mail/foo/bar too).
191 # This setting doesn't affect login_chroot, mail_chroot or auth chroot
192 # settings. If this setting is empty, "/./" in home dirs are ignored.
193 # WARNING: Never add directories here which local users can modify, that
194 # may lead to root exploit. Usually this should be done only if you don't
195 # allow shell access for users. <doc/wiki/Chrooting.txt>
196 #valid_chroot_dirs =
197
198 # Default chroot directory for mail processes. This can be overridden for
199 # specific users in user database by giving /./ in user's home directory
200 # (eg. /home/./user chroots into /home). Note that usually there is no real
201 # need to do chrooting, Dovecot doesn't allow users to access files outside
202 # their mail directory anyway. If your home directories are prefixed with
203 # the chroot directory, append "/." to mail_chroot. <doc/wiki/Chrooting.txt>
204 #mail_chroot =
205
206 # UNIX socket path to master authentication server to find users.
207 # This is used by imap (for shared users) and lda.
208 #auth_socket_path = /var/run/dovecot/auth-userdb
209
210 # Directory where to look up mail plugins.
211 #mail_plugin_dir = /usr/lib/dovecot/modules
212
213 # Space separated list of plugins to load for all services. Plugins specific to
214 # IMAP, LDA, etc. are added to this list in their own .conf files.
215 #mail_plugins =
216
217 ##
218 ## Mailbox handling optimizations
219 ##
220
221 # Mailbox list indexes can be used to optimize IMAP STATUS commands. They are
222 # also required for IMAP NOTIFY extension to be enabled.
223 #mailbox_list_index = no
224
225 # The minimum number of mails in a mailbox before updates are done to cache
226 # file. This allows optimizing Dovecot's behavior to do less disk writes at
227 # the cost of more disk reads.
228 #mail_cache_min_mail_count = 0
229
230 # When IDLE command is running, mailbox is checked once in a while to see if
231 # there are any new mails or other changes. This setting defines the minimum
232 # time to wait between those checks. Dovecot can also use inotify and
233 # kqueue to find out immediately when changes occur.
234 #mailbox_idle_check_interval = 30 secs
235
236 # Save mails with CR+LF instead of plain LF. This makes sending those mails
237 # take less CPU, especially with sendfile() syscall with Linux and FreeBSD.
238 # But it also creates a bit more disk I/O which may just make it slower.
239 # Also note that if other software reads the mboxes/maildirs, they may handle
240 # the extra CRs wrong and cause problems.
241 #mail_save_crlf = no
242
243 # Max number of mails to keep open and prefetch to memory. This only works with
244 # some mailbox formats and/or operating systems.
245 #mail_prefetch_count = 0
246
247 # How often to scan for stale temporary files and delete them (0 = never).
248 # These should exist only after Dovecot dies in the middle of saving mails.
249 #mail_temp_scan_interval = 1w
250
251 ##
252 ## Maildir-specific settings
253 ##
254
255 # By default LIST command returns all entries in maildir beginning with a dot.
256 # Enabling this option makes Dovecot return only entries which are directories.
257 # This is done by stat()ing each entry, so it causes more disk I/O.
258 # (For systems setting struct dirent->d_type, this check is free and it's
259 # done always regardless of this setting)
260 #maildir_stat_dirs = no
261
262 # When copying a message, do it with hard links whenever possible. This makes
263 # the performance much better, and it's unlikely to have any side effects.
264 #maildir_copy_with_hardlinks = yes
265
266 # Assume Dovecot is the only MUA accessing Maildir: Scan cur/ directory only
267 # when its mtime changes unexpectedly or when we can't find the mail otherwise.
268 #maildir_very_dirty_syncs = no
269
270 # If enabled, Dovecot doesn't use the S=<size> in the Maildir filenames for
271 # getting the mail's physical size, except when recalculating Maildir++ quota.
272 # This can be useful in systems where a lot of the Maildir filenames have a
273 # broken size. The performance hit for enabling this is very small.
274 #maildir_broken_filename_sizes = no
275
276 # Always move mails from new/ directory to cur/, even when the \Recent flags
277 # aren't being reset.
278 #maildir_empty_new = no
279
280 ##
281 ## mbox-specific settings
282 ##
283
284 # Which locking methods to use for locking mbox. There are four available:
285 # dotlock: Create <mailbox>.lock file. This is the oldest and most NFS-safe
286 # solution. If you want to use /var/mail/ like directory, the users
287 # will need write access to that directory.
288 # dotlock_try: Same as dotlock, but if it fails because of permissions or
289 # because there isn't enough disk space, just skip it.
290 # fcntl : Use this if possible. Works with NFS too if lockd is used.
291 # flock : May not exist in all systems. Doesn't work with NFS.
292 # lockf : May not exist in all systems. Doesn't work with NFS.
293 #
294 # You can use multiple locking methods; if you do the order they're declared
295 # in is important to avoid deadlocks if other MTAs/MUAs are using multiple
296 # locking methods as well. Some operating systems don't allow using some of
297 # them simultaneously.
298 #
299 # The Debian value for mbox_write_locks differs from upstream Dovecot. It is
300 # changed to be compliant with Debian Policy (section 11.6) for NFS safety.
301 # Dovecot: mbox_write_locks = dotlock fcntl
302 # Debian: mbox_write_locks = fcntl dotlock
303 #
304 #mbox_read_locks = fcntl
305 #mbox_write_locks = fcntl dotlock
306
307 # Maximum time to wait for lock (all of them) before aborting.
308 #mbox_lock_timeout = 5 mins
309
310 # If dotlock exists but the mailbox isn't modified in any way, override the
311 # lock file after this much time.
312 #mbox_dotlock_change_timeout = 2 mins
313
314 # When mbox changes unexpectedly we have to fully read it to find out what
315 # changed. If the mbox is large this can take a long time. Since the change
316 # is usually just a newly appended mail, it'd be faster to simply read the
317 # new mails. If this setting is enabled, Dovecot does this but still safely
318 # fallbacks to re-reading the whole mbox file whenever something in mbox isn't
319 # how it's expected to be. The only real downside to this setting is that if
320 # some other MUA changes message flags, Dovecot doesn't notice it immediately.
321 # Note that a full sync is done with SELECT, EXAMINE, EXPUNGE and CHECK
322 # commands.
323 #mbox_dirty_syncs = yes
324
325 # Like mbox_dirty_syncs, but don't do full syncs even with SELECT, EXAMINE,
326 # EXPUNGE or CHECK commands. If this is set, mbox_dirty_syncs is ignored.
327 #mbox_very_dirty_syncs = no
328
329 # Delay writing mbox headers until doing a full write sync (EXPUNGE and CHECK
330 # commands and when closing the mailbox). This is especially useful for POP3
331 # where clients often delete all mails. The downside is that our changes
332 # aren't immediately visible to other MUAs.
333 #mbox_lazy_writes = yes
334
335 # If mbox size is smaller than this (e.g. 100k), don't write index files.
336 # If an index file already exists it's still read, just not updated.
337 #mbox_min_index_size = 0
338
339 # Mail header selection algorithm to use for MD5 POP3 UIDLs when
340 # pop3_uidl_format=%m. For backwards compatibility we use apop3d inspired
341 # algorithm, but it fails if the first Received: header isn't unique in all
342 # mails. An alternative algorithm is "all" that selects all headers.
343 #mbox_md5 = apop3d
344
345 ##
346 ## mdbox-specific settings
347 ##
348
349 # Maximum dbox file size until it's rotated.
350 #mdbox_rotate_size = 2M
351
352 # Maximum dbox file age until it's rotated. Typically in days. Day begins
353 # from midnight, so 1d = today, 2d = yesterday, etc. 0 = check disabled.
354 #mdbox_rotate_interval = 0
355
356 # When creating new mdbox files, immediately preallocate their size to
357 # mdbox_rotate_size. This setting currently works only in Linux with some
358 # filesystems (ext4, xfs).
359 #mdbox_preallocate_space = no
360
361 ##
362 ## Mail attachments
363 ##
364
365 # sdbox and mdbox support saving mail attachments to external files, which
366 # also allows single instance storage for them. Other backends don't support
367 # this for now.
368
369 # Directory root where to store mail attachments. Disabled, if empty.
370 #mail_attachment_dir =
371
372 # Attachments smaller than this aren't saved externally. It's also possible to
373 # write a plugin to disable saving specific attachments externally.
374 #mail_attachment_min_size = 128k
375
376 # Filesystem backend to use for saving attachments:
377 # posix : No SiS done by Dovecot (but this might help FS's own deduplication)
378 # sis posix : SiS with immediate byte-by-byte comparison during saving
379 # sis-queue posix : SiS with delayed comparison and deduplication
380 #mail_attachment_fs = sis posix
381
382 # Hash format to use in attachment filenames. You can add any text and
383 # variables: %{md4}, %{md5}, %{sha1}, %{sha256}, %{sha512}, %{size}.
384 # Variables can be truncated, e.g. %{sha256:80} returns only first 80 bits
385 #mail_attachment_hash = %{sha1}
这是输出/etc/postfix/main.cf
1 # See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version
2
3
4 # Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first
5 # line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default
6 # is /etc/mailname.
7 #myorigin = /etc/mailname
8
9 smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Raspbian)
10 biff = no
11
12 # appending .domain is the MUA's job.
13 append_dot_mydomain = no
14
15 # Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
16 #delay_warning_time = 4h
17
18 readme_directory = no
19
20 # See http://www.postfix.org/COMPATIBILITY_README.html -- default to 2 on
21 # fresh installs.
22 compatibility_level = 2
23
24 # TLS parameters
25 smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
26 smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
27 smtpd_use_tls=yes
28 smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
29 smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
30
31 # See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for
32 # information on enabling SSL in the smtp client.
33
34 myhostname = example.net
35 alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
36 alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
37 mydestination = example.net, localhost.localdomain, localhost
38 mynetworks = 0.0.0.0
39 #mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
40 mailbox_size_limit = 0
41 message_size_limit = 50000000
42 recipient_delimiter = +
43 home_mailbox = Maildir/
44 smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
45 smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
46 smtpd_sasl_path = private/dovecot-auth
47 smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes
48 smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname
49 broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
50 smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unknown_sender_domain reject_unknown_recipient_domain reject_unauth_pipelining permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated reject_unauth_destination
51 smtpd_sender_restrictions = reject_unknown_sender_domain
52 mailbox_command = /usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -c /etc/dovecot/conf.d/01-mail-stack-delivery.conf -m "${EXTENSION}"
53 smtp_use_tls = yes
54 smtpd_tls_received_header = yes
55 smtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = SSLv3, TLSv1
56 smtpd_tls_mandatory_ciphers = medium
57 smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes
58 tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom
59 virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual
60 inet_interfaces = all
答案1
你有：
mail_location = mbox:~/Maildir:INBOX=/var/mail/%u
但是您还写道~/Maildir/new/，新邮件被写入到 Maildir 格式，而不是 mbox。
将该行更改为
mail_location = maildir:~/Maildir
您就能阅读您的消息了。