我在使用老旧的 Windows Server 2008 时遇到了以下问题。在此之前，安装更新没有出现任何问题。
“问题”更新是 Windows Server 2008 的 2019-02 月度质量汇总预览。KB4487022。
从 Windows 更新中，我获得以下内容：-
从事件查看器（应用程序和服务日志、WindowsUpdate）中，我收到一个“事件 31”，其中包含文本“Windows Update 无法下载更新”。
我所知道的和已经尝试过的：-
- 仅提供一个更新，并且是可选的。
- 本地 WSUS 未使用。
- 其他更新今天已正确安装。（Windows Defender 定义 KB915597 ver 1.289.464.1）
- 该服务器具有互联网连接。
- DNS 缓存已刷新
- 防火墙和 AV 软件已被禁用
- 已重启服务器。
- 停止 WU 和 BITS 服务，清除 /SoftwareDistribution/Download 文件夹并重新启动服务。
在管理员 cmd 提示符下运行 wuauclt /detectnow。（在事件查看器中出现与上述相同的错误）
应用程序或系统日志下的事件查看器中没有相关条目。
到目前为止，在谷歌上搜索错误代码、KB文章和类似术语尚未显示任何有用的结果。
由于更新是可选的，所以这并不重要，但我仍然想知道是什么原因造成的。这表明存在网络问题，但鉴于网络工作正常且其他更新正常，我无法理解这一点。
有人可以建议下一步措施，或可能的原因吗？
编辑1-
根据 joeqwerty 的建议，我从 windows 目录下载了 KB 安装程序。下载没有问题，但安装失败，错误代码相同。
编辑 2 CBS 日志
我搜索了 CBS 日志，只发现与此 KB 相关的以下几行。
2019-02-25 07:39:48, Info CSI 0000020f@2019/2/25:07:39:48.515 CSI Transaction @0x22d34b0 initialized for deployment engine {d16d444c-56d8-11d5-882d-0080c847b195} with flags 00000002 and client id [26]"TI5.30723293:1212092951:1/"
2019-02-25 07:39:48, Info CSI 00000210@2019/2/25:07:39:48.531 CSI Transaction @0x22d34b0 destroyed
然后，我在日志中进一步搜索“0x22d34b0”，看是否还有其他条目，结果为阴性。
我检查了错误，只发现以下内容
23/02/2019 00:41 Error CBS Failed to get internal update: MediaServer in Package: Microsoft-Windows-Foundation-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.0.6001.18000. hr: 0x800f080c
23/02/2019 00:41 Error CBS Failed to get internal update: MediaServer-WebAdmin in Package: Microsoft-Windows-Foundation-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.0.6001.18000. hr: 0x800f080c
23/02/2019 00:41 Error CBS Failed to get internal update: MediaServer-LoggingAgent in Package: Microsoft-Windows-Foundation-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.0.6001.18000. hr: 0x800f080c
23/02/2019 00:41 Error CBS Failed to get internal update: SIS in Package: Microsoft-Windows-Foundation-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.0.6001.18000. hr: 0x800f080c
23/02/2019 00:41 Error CBS Failed to get internal update: ADFS-FederationService in Package: Microsoft-Windows-Foundation-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.0.6001.18000. hr: 0x800f080c
23/02/2019 00:41 Error CBS Failed to get internal update: ADFS-FederationServiceProxy in Package: Microsoft-Windows-Foundation-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.0.6001.18000. hr: 0x800f080c
23/02/2019 00:42 Error CBS Failed to get internal update: OnlineRevocationServices in Package: Microsoft-Windows-Foundation-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.0.6001.18000. hr: 0x800f080c
23/02/2019 00:42 Error CBS Failed to get internal update: NetworkDeviceEnrollmentServices in Package: Microsoft-Windows-Foundation-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.0.6001.18000. hr: 0x800f080c
23/02/2019 00:42 Error CBS Failed to get internal update: FailoverCluster-FullServer in Package: Microsoft-Windows-Foundation-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.0.6001.18000. hr: 0x800f080c
23/02/2019 00:42 Error CBS Failed to get internal update: OnlineRevocationServicesManagementTools in Package: Microsoft-Windows-Foundation-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.0.6001.18000. hr: 0x800f080c
23/02/2019 00:42 Error CBS Failed to get internal update: UDDIServicesDatabase in Package: Microsoft-Windows-Foundation-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.0.6001.18000. hr: 0x800f080c
26/02/2019 01:08 Error CBS Failed to get internal update: MediaServer in Package: Microsoft-Windows-Foundation-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.0.6001.18000. hr: 0x800f080c
26/02/2019 01:08 Error CBS Failed to get internal update: MediaServer-WebAdmin in Package: Microsoft-Windows-Foundation-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.0.6001.18000. hr: 0x800f080c
26/02/2019 01:08 Error CBS Failed to get internal update: MediaServer-LoggingAgent in Package: Microsoft-Windows-Foundation-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.0.6001.18000. hr: 0x800f080c
26/02/2019 01:08 Error CBS Failed to get internal update: SIS in Package: Microsoft-Windows-Foundation-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.0.6001.18000. hr: 0x800f080c
26/02/2019 01:08 Error CBS Failed to get internal update: ADFS-FederationService in Package: Microsoft-Windows-Foundation-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.0.6001.18000. hr: 0x800f080c
26/02/2019 01:08 Error CBS Failed to get internal update: ADFS-FederationServiceProxy in Package: Microsoft-Windows-Foundation-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.0.6001.18000. hr: 0x800f080c
26/02/2019 01:08 Error CBS Failed to get internal update: OnlineRevocationServices in Package: Microsoft-Windows-Foundation-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.0.6001.18000. hr: 0x800f080c
26/02/2019 01:08 Error CBS Failed to get internal update: NetworkDeviceEnrollmentServices in Package: Microsoft-Windows-Foundation-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.0.6001.18000. hr: 0x800f080c
26/02/2019 01:08 Error CBS Failed to get internal update: FailoverCluster-FullServer in Package: Microsoft-Windows-Foundation-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.0.6001.18000. hr: 0x800f080c
26/02/2019 01:09 Error CBS Failed to get internal update: OnlineRevocationServicesManagementTools in Package: Microsoft-Windows-Foundation-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.0.6001.18000. hr: 0x800f080c
26/02/2019 01:09 Error CBS Failed to get internal update: UDDIServicesDatabase in Package: Microsoft-Windows-Foundation-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.0.6001.18000. hr: 0x800f080c
编辑 3 windowsupdate.log
此日志中有与 KB 文章相关的条目...再次是未知错误 0x80240003
2019-03-05 14:12:40:706 244 1248 DnldMgr *********** DnldMgr: Copy update to cache [UpdateId = {44EAA446-DC1C-4EEA-B113-62E4B8A98B1A}.501] ***********
2019-03-05 14:12:40:769 244 1248 DnldMgr Asking handler to generate non-range requests.
2019-03-05 14:12:40:769 244 1248 Handler Generating request for CBS update 44EAA446-DC1C-4EEA-B113-62E4B8A98B1A in sandbox C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution\Download\36c6c7d69e84094689fbc7cdb7067817_ctc
2019-03-05 14:12:40:769 244 1248 Handler Selecting self-contained because update does not have express payload.
2019-03-05 14:12:40:769 244 1248 Handler Selected payload type is ptSelfContained
2019-03-05 14:12:40:769 244 1248 Handler Detected download state is dsStart
2019-03-05 14:12:40:769 244 1248 Handler Adding Windows6.0-KB4487022-x64.cab (entire file) to request list.
2019-03-05 14:12:40:769 244 1248 Handler Request generation for CBS update complete with hr=0x0 and pfResetSandbox=0
2019-03-05 14:12:40:769 244 1248 DnldMgr * WARNING: Copy update to cache failed with exit code = 0x80240003
2019-03-05 14:12:40:769 1192 65c COMAPI WARNING: ISusInternal::CopyUpdateToCache2 failed, hr=80240003
2019-03-05 14:12:40:784 1192 65c COMAPI ----------- COMAPI: IUpdateServiceManager::RemoveService -----------
2019-03-05 14:12:41:580 244 1248 Agent WARNING: WU client fails CClientCallRecorder::RemoveService with error 0x80248014
2019-03-05 14:12:41:580 1192 65c COMAPI WARNING: ISusInternal::RemoveService failed, hr=8024801
我不确定该消息是否有关联，但其中也提到了此错误 0x80248014。谷歌搜索给出以下链接：-
我将遵循这些说明，因为它们比我已经尝试过的更进一步。
新的说明不起作用。Windows 更新和目录都提供相同的错误。
答案1
我在我的一台 Server 2008 R1 机器上遇到了同样的问题，我也在关注这个问题，但没有足够的代表来评论我的进展。
看来该更新现已被 KB4489880 取代，安装没有问题。我猜是更新出了问题，而不是服务器出了问题。
至于为什么首先会生成错误代码，我能得到的最接近的答案是，错误代码意味着更新是针对不同的操作系统，但那是在另一个论坛上，我无法验证这是否属实。