尝试调试邮件服务器时，现在我收到此错误，我认为这应该是服务器无法正常工作的原因：
Mar 17 15:06:24 ks4000003 amavis[2001]: (02001-01) (!)connect to 127.0.0.1:* failed, attempt #1: Can't connect to socket 127.0.0.1:* using module IO::Socket::IP: Connection refused
后配置-n：
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases, hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/aliases
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases, hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/aliases
append_dot_mydomain = no
biff = no
body_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/body_checks
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
config_directory = /etc/postfix
content_filter = amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024
dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1
header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/header_checks
html_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix/html
inet_interfaces = all
inet_protocols = all
mailbox_size_limit = 0
maildrop_destination_concurrency_limit = 1
maildrop_destination_recipient_limit = 1
message_size_limit = 0
mime_header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/mime_header_checks
mydestination = ks4000003.ip-198-245-60.net, localhost.ip-198-245-60.net, localhost
myhostname = ks4000003.ip-198-245-60.net
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::1]/128
myorigin = /etc/mailname
nested_header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/nested_header_checks
owner_request_special = no
proxy_read_maps = $local_recipient_maps $mydestination $virtual_alias_maps $virtual_alias_domains $virtual_mailbox_maps $virtual_mailbox_domains $relay_recipient_maps $relay_domains $canonical_maps $sender_canonical_maps $recipient_canonical_maps $relocated_maps $transport_maps $mynetworks
readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix
receive_override_options = no_address_mappings
recipient_delimiter = +
relay_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_relaydomains.cf
relay_recipient_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_relayrecipientmaps.cf
relayhost =
smtp_tls_security_level = may
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu)
smtpd_client_message_rate_limit = 100
smtpd_client_restrictions = check_client_access mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_client.cf, reject_unknown_reverse_client_hostname
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = check_recipient_access mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_recipient.cf, permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination, reject_rbl_client zen.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client dnsbl-1.uceprotect.net,reject_rbl_client dnsbl-2.uceprotect.net, reject_rbl_client dnsbl-3.uceprotect.net
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sender_restrictions = check_sender_access mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_sender.cf
smtpd_tls_CAfile = /etc/postfix/chain.crt
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/site.crt
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/site.key
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 2
smtpd_tls_security_level = may
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
transport_maps = hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/transport-mailman, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_transports.cf
virtual_alias_domains =
virtual_alias_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_forwardings.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_email2email.cf, hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/virtual-mailman
virtual_gid_maps = static:5000
virtual_mailbox_base = /var/vmail
virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_domains.cf
virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailboxes.cf
virtual_transport = dovecot
virtual_uid_maps = static:5000
master.cf：
smtp inet n - - - - smtpd
submission inet n - - - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/submission
-o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
smtps inet n - - - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#628 inet n - - - - qmqpd
pickup fifo n - - 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup
qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 qmgr
#qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 oqmgr
tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce
defer unix - - - - 0 bounce
trace unix - - - - 0 bounce
verify unix - - - - 1 verify
flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - - - - smtp
relay unix - - - - - smtp
# -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq unix n - - - - showq
error unix - - - - - error
retry unix - - - - - error
discard unix - - - - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp
anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil
scache unix - - - - 1 scache
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d vmail ${extension} ${recipient} ${user} ${nexthop} ${sender}
uucp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
mailman unix - n n - - pipe
flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
${nexthop} ${user}
dovecot unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -f ${sender} -d ${user}@${nexthop}
amavis unix - - - - 2 smtp
-o smtp_data_done_timeout=1200
-o smtp_send_xforward_command=yes
127.0.0.1:10025 inet n - - - - smtpd
-o content_filter=
-o local_recipient_maps=
-o relay_recipient_maps=
-o smtpd_restriction_classes=
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=
-o smtpd_helo_restrictions=
-o smtpd_sender_restrictions=
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject
-o mynetworks=127.0.0.0/8,127.0.0.1/8
-o strict_rfc821_envelopes=yes
-o receive_override_options=no_unknown_recipient_checks,no_header_body_checks
-o smtp_bind_address=127.0.0.1
policy unix - n n - - spawn
netstat -tulpn：
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:21 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2000/pure-ftpd (SER
tcp 0 0 198.245.60.7:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 768/named
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 768/named
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 828/sshd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:23 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 772/inetd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2040/smtpd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:953 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 768/named
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:993 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/init
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:995 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2158/dovecot
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10024 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1982/amavisd-new (m
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10025 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 32568/master
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10026 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1982/amavisd-new (m
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1501/mysqld
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:587 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 32568/master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:110 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2158/dovecot
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:143 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/init
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:465 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 32568/master
tcp6 0 0 :::21 :::* LISTEN 2000/pure-ftpd (SER
tcp6 0 0 :::53 :::* LISTEN 768/named
tcp6 0 0 :::4949 :::* LISTEN 799/perl
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 828/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::25 :::* LISTEN 2040/smtpd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:953 :::* LISTEN 768/named
tcp6 0 0 :::443 :::* LISTEN 2565/apache2
tcp6 0 0 :::993 :::* LISTEN 1/init
tcp6 0 0 :::995 :::* LISTEN 2158/dovecot
tcp6 0 0 ::1:10024 :::* LISTEN 1982/amavisd-new (m
tcp6 0 0 ::1:10026 :::* LISTEN 1982/amavisd-new (m
tcp6 0 0 :::587 :::* LISTEN 32568/master
tcp6 0 0 :::110 :::* LISTEN 2158/dovecot
tcp6 0 0 :::143 :::* LISTEN 1/init
tcp6 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 2565/apache2
tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 2565/apache2
tcp6 0 0 :::465 :::* LISTEN 32568/master
tcp6 0 0 :::8081 :::* LISTEN 2565/apache2
udp 0 0 198.245.60.7:53 0.0.0.0:* 768/named
udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* 768/named
udp6 0 0 :::53 :::* 768/named
你发现什么明显的特征了吗？提前致谢！
答案1
在 Postfix 的 main.cf 中，您有以下行：
content_filter = amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024
这不是一个错误，只是为了避免混淆而使用的练习的一个附注：使用一个唯一的标识符，例如：
content_filter = amavisfeed:[127.0.0.1]:10024
主要问题在于 Postfix 的 master.cf。您基本上是在告诉 Postfix 在 main.conf 中使用 amavisd，但 Postfix 需要知道如何在 master.cf 中使用 amavisd。
例如，您可以在“127.0.0.1:10025 inet n - - - - smtpd”部分之前放置以下内容：
amavisfeed unix - - n - 2 lmtp
-o lmtp_data_done_timeout=1200
-o lmtp_send_xforward_command=yes
除了这些因素之外，您还应检查常见的问题，以确保 amavisd 及其使用的组件（例如 ClamAV、SpamAssassin）的配置正确，尤其是在用户和套接字方面，并且 amavisd 可通过 tmpfiles.d 中的条目为其使用的组件启用套接字。