我正在第一次使用 Postfix 和 Dovecot 构建安全邮件服务器，遇到了一个无法克服的问题。
为了避免电子邮件被投递到远程服务器的垃圾邮件箱中，我设置了 SPF 和 DKIM，如下所示本教程。我现在遇到的问题是，当从 Gmail 等远程服务传送收件人地址时，我的服务器拒绝该地址。
NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from sonic311-43.consmr.mail.bf2.yahoo.com[74.6.131.217]: 451 4.3.5 <[email protected]>: Recipient address rejected: Server configuration problem;
这是我的 /etc/postfix/main.cf
# See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version
# Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first
# line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default
# is /etc/mailname.
#myorigin = /etc/mailname
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu)
biff = no
# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
append_dot_mydomain = no
# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
#delay_warning_time = 4h
readme_directory = no
# TLS parameters
#smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
#smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
#smtpd_use_tls=yes
#smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
#smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.example.com/fullchain.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.example.com/privkey.pem
smtpd_use_tls=yes
smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_recipient_restrictions =
permit_mynetworks
permit_sasl_authenticated
reject_unauth_destination
check_policy_service unix:private/policyd-spf
# Milter configuration
milter_default_action = accept
milter_protocol = 6
smtpd_milters = local:/opendkim/opendkim.sock
non_smtpd_milters = $smtpd_milters
# See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for
# information on enabling SSL in the smtp client.
smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated defer_unauth_destination
myhostname = example.com
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
myorigin = /etc/mailname
# mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.localdomain, localhost
mydestination = localhost
relayhost =
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = all
inet_protocols = all
home_mailbox = Maildir/
virtual_transport = lmtp:unix:private/dovecot-lmtp
virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf
virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf
virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf
policyd-spf_time_limit = 3600
最初，出站邮件超时，直到我添加了
permit_sasl_authenticated
reject_unauth_destination
在 smtpd_recipient_restrictions
如何让我的服务器接受邮件？
编辑 这是我使用测试工具得到的结果：
CLIENT -> SERVER: MAIL FROM:
SERVER -> CLIENT: 250 2.1.0 Ok
CLIENT -> SERVER: RCPT TO:
SERVER -> CLIENT: 451 4.3.5 : Recipient address rejected: Server configuration problem
SMTP ERROR: RCPT TO command failed: 451 4.3.5 : Recipient address rejected: Server configuration problem
CLIENT -> SERVER: QUIT
SERVER -> CLIENT: 221 2.0.0 Bye
Connection: closed
2019-04-10 19:53:53 SMTP Error: The following recipients failed: [email protected]: : Recipient address rejected: Server configuration problem
Message sending failed.
编辑2 这是 /var/log/mail.log 中的输出
Apr 11 05:24:17 alice postfix/smtpd[22573]: connect from mail-wr1-f42.google.com[209.85.221.42]
Apr 11 05:24:17 alice postfix/smtpd[22573]: warning: connect to private/policyd-spf: No such file or directory
Apr 11 05:24:18 alice postfix/smtpd[22573]: warning: connect to private/policyd-spf: No such file or directory
Apr 11 05:24:18 alice postfix/smtpd[22573]: warning: problem talking to server private/policyd-spf: No such file or directory
Apr 11 05:24:18 alice postfix/smtpd[22573]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from mail-wr1-f42.google.com[209.85.221.42]: 451 4.3.5 <[email protected]>: Recipient address rejected: Server configuration problem; from=<[email protected]> to=<[email protected]> proto=ESMTP helo=<mail-wr1-f42.google.com>
Apr 11 05:24:19 alice postfix/smtpd[22573]: disconnect from mail-wr1-f42.google.com[209.85.221.42] ehlo=2 starttls=1 mail=1 rcpt=0/1 data=0/1 quit=1 commands=5/7
Apr 11 05:27:39 alice postfix/anvil[22498]: statistics: max connection rate 1/60s for (smtp:185.234.217.223) at Apr 11 05:18:44
Apr 11 05:27:39 alice postfix/anvil[22498]: statistics: max connection count 1 for (smtp:185.234.217.223) at Apr 11 05:18:44
Apr 11 05:27:39 alice postfix/anvil[22498]: statistics: max cache size 2 at Apr 11 05:24:17
Apr 11 05:27:44 alice postfix/smtpd[22676]: connect from unknown[185.234.217.223]
编辑3
这是我的 /etc/postfix/master.cf
#
# Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format
# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master" or
# on-line: http://www.postfix.org/master.5.html).
#
# Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file.
#
# ==========================================================================
# service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args
# (yes) (yes) (no) (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
smtp inet n - y - - smtpd
# -o content_filter=spamassassin
#smtp inet n - y - 1 postscreen
#smtpd pass - - y - - smtpd
#dnsblog unix - - y - 0 dnsblog
#tlsproxy unix - - y - 0 tlsproxy
submission inet n - - - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/submission
-o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_unauth_destination
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination
# -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_unauth_destination
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#smtps inet n - y - - smtpd
# -o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
# -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
# -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
# -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#628 inet n - y - - qmqpd
pickup unix n - y 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - y - 0 cleanup
qmgr unix n - n 300 1 qmgr
#qmgr unix n - n 300 1 oqmgr
tlsmgr unix - - y 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - y - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - y - 0 bounce
defer unix - - y - 0 bounce
trace unix - - y - 0 bounce
verify unix - - y - 1 verify
flush unix n - y 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - y - - smtp
relay unix - - y - - smtp
# -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq unix n - y - - showq
error unix - - y - - error
retry unix - - y - - error
discard unix - - y - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - y - - lmtp
anvil unix - - y - 1 anvil
scache unix - - y - 1 scache
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.
#
# Specify in cyrus.conf:
# lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4
#
# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:
# mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
# virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
# Old example of delivery via Cyrus.
#
#old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
uucp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
mailman unix - n n - - pipe
flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
${nexthop} ${user}
spamassassin unix - n n - - pipe
user=spamd argv=/usr/bin/spamc -f -e
/usr/sbin/sendmail -oi -f ${sender} ${recipient}
policyd-spf unix - n n - 0 spawn
user=policyd-spf argv=/usr/bin/policyd-spf
答案1
mynetworks 设置为 127.0.0.1 ；您应该设置正确的网络。
检查 smtpd_sender_restrictions - rejection_sender_login_mismatch - 当 $smtpd_sender_login_maps 为 MAIL FROM 地址指定了所有者，但是客户端未（SASL）以该 MAIL FROM 地址所有者身份登录时，或者当客户端（SASL）登录，但是根据 $smtpd_sender_login_maps（摘自 ），客户端登录名不拥有 MAIL FROM 地址时，将拒绝请求。
验证 check_policy_service 目标以查看其中的内容
答案2
您还需要配置此项
smtpd_tls_security_level = may
smtpd_tls_mandatory_ciphers = high
smtpd_tls_mandatory_exclude_ciphers = aNULL, eNULL, MD5,EXPORT,DES,RC4
smtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3
smtp_tls_loglevel = 1
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1
smtpd_tls_CApath = /etc/postfix/certs
# To verify the peer certificate, we need to know the certificates of
# certification authorities. These certificates in "pem" format are
# collected in a directory. The same CAs are offered to clients for
# client verification. Don't forget to create the necessary "hash"
# links with $OPENSSL_HOME/bin/c_rehash /etc/postfix/certs. A typical
# place for the CA-certs may also be $OPENSSL_HOME/certs, so there is
# no default and you explicitly have to set the value here!
# This will not work in chroot mode, use the tls_CAfile instead.
#