电子邮件不能发送到本地以外的域。
我的邮件服务器位于代理服务器后面。代理的 IP 是：192.168.18.1。
只需说一下，我可以收到发送到我的邮件服务器的所有电子邮件。
从我的邮件服务器发送后，所有电子邮件都“存储”在 /var/spool/postfix/deferred/ 子目录中。
因此，当我尝试发送电子邮件时，命令 tail -f /var/log/maillog 显示一些错误，例如：
Apr 27 17:03:00 mail postfix/submission/smtpd[47860]: B83682184BC9: client=unknown[ip.of.my.thunderbird], sasl_method=PLAIN, [email protected]
Apr 27 17:03:00 mail postfix/cleanup[49806]: B83682184BC9: message-id=<[email protected]>
Apr 27 17:03:00 mail postfix/qmgr[47413]: B83682184BC9: from=<[email protected]>, size=2225, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Apr 27 17:03:00 mail postfix/smtp[49807]: fatal: unknown service: smtp/tcp
Apr 27 17:03:00 mail postfix/submission/smtpd[47860]: disconnect from unknown[ip.of.my.thunderbird]
Apr 27 17:03:00 mail dovecot: imap([email protected]): Connection closed (append finished 0.107 secs ago) in=2316 out=1774
Apr 27 17:03:01 mail postfix/qmgr[47413]: warning: private/smtp socket: malformed response
Apr 27 17:03:01 mail postfix/qmgr[47413]: warning: transport smtp failure -- see a previous warning/fatal/panic logfile record for the problem description
Apr 27 17:03:01 mail postfix/master[47411]: warning: process /usr/libexec/postfix/smtp pid 49807 exit status 1
Apr 27 17:03:01 mail postfix/master[47411]: warning: /usr/libexec/postfix/smtp: bad command startup -- throttling
Apr 27 17:03:01 mail postfix/error[49808]: B83682184BC9: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=1.6, delays=0.54/1/0/0.01, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (unknown mail transport error)
命令 postconf -n 给我：
[root@mail /]# postconf -n
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
append_dot_mydomain = no
biff = no
bounce_queue_lifetime = 4h
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
config_directory = /etc/postfix
header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/header_checks
inet_interfaces = all
maximal_queue_lifetime = 4h
message_size_limit = 40960000
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost
myhostname = su.myhostdomain.com
mynetworks = 0.0.0.0/0
recipient_delimiter = +
relayhost = 192.168.18.1
smtp_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Centos/GNU)
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated reject_unauth_destination
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject_non_fqdn_sender
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/mailserver.crt
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/mailserver.key
smtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3
smtpd_use_tls = yes
virtual_alias_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/my_alias_maps.cf
virtual_gid_maps = static:8
virtual_mailbox_base = /var/vmail
virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/my_domains_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/my_mailbox_maps.cf
virtual_minimum_uid = 150
virtual_uid_maps = static:150
[root@mail /]#
文件 /etc/postfix/main.cf 如下所示：
[root@mail postfix]# more main.cf
# See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Centos/GNU)
biff = no
# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
append_dot_mydomain = no
# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
#delay_warning_time = 4h
myhostname = su.myhostdomain.com
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost
relayhost = 192.168.18.1
#mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8
#mynetworks = 192.168.0.0/16 212.200.51.0/24 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 195.178.33.130/32 178.222.248.190/3
#mynetworks = 192.168.0.0/16 212.200.51.0/24 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 195.178.33.130/32 178.222.248.190/32 109.92.22.36/
32 212.200.0.0/16 89.216.55.78/32
mynetworks = 0.0.0.0/0
#inet_interfaces = loopback-only
inet_interfaces = all
recipient_delimiter = +
bounce_queue_lifetime = 4h
maximal_queue_lifetime = 4h
virtual_minimum_uid = 150
virtual_uid_maps = static:150
virtual_gid_maps = static:8
virtual_mailbox_base = /var/vmail
virtual_alias_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/my_alias_maps.cf
#virtual_mailbox_limit = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/my_mailbox_limits.cf
virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/my_domains_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/my_mailbox_maps.cf
message_size_limit = 40960000
# dovecot
#### SASL ####
## specify SASL type ##
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
## path to the SASL socket relative to postfix spool directory i.e. /var/spool/postfix ##
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
## postfix appends the domain name for SASL logins that do not have the domain part ##
#smtpd_sasl_local_domain = example.tst
## SASL default policy ##
## for legacy application compatibility ##
## enable SMTP auth ##
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
## smtp checks ##
## these checks are based on first match, so sequence is important ##
#smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination
#smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject_unauth_destination
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated reject_unauth_destination
smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
#smtpd_recipient_restrictions =
# permit_sasl_authenticated,
# permit_mynetworks,
# check_relay_domains
# mailscanner
header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/header_checks
#DKIM setup
#milter_protocol = 2
#milter_default_action = accept
#smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:12301
#non_smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:12301
#smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:8891
#non_smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:8891
#compatibility_level = 2
# OTTO
# HELO restrictions:
#smtpd_helo_required = yes
#smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject_non_fqdn_helo_hostname, reject_invalid_helo_hostname, permit
# Sender restrictions:
smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject_non_fqdn_sender
#, reject_unknown_sender_domain, permit
# Recipient restrictions:
#smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, permit_mynetworks, rej
ect_unauth_destination, check_sender_access hash:/etc/postfix/sender_access, reject_rbl_client zen.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client bl.spamco
p.net, check_policy_service unix:postgrey/socket, permit
smtpd_use_tls = yes
smtp_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3
smtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/mailserver.crt
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/mailserver.key
#smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:/etc/postfix/smtpd_scache
#smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated defer_unauth_destination
#smtp_sasl_auth_enable = no
#smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
#smtp_always_send_ehlo = yes
virtual_mailbox_domains=myhostdomain.com
[root@mail postfix]#
文件 /etc/postfix/master.cf 如下所示：
[root@mail postfix]# more /etc/postfix/master.cf
#
# Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format
# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master" or
# on-line: http://www.postfix.org/master.5.html).
#
# Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file.
#
# ==========================================================================
# service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args
# (yes) (yes) (no) (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
smtp inet n - n - - smtpd -v
#smtp inet n - y - 1 postscreen
#smtpd pass - - y - - smtpd
#dnsblog unix - - y - 0 dnsblog
#tlsproxy unix - - y - 0 tlsproxy
submission inet n - n - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/submission
# -o smtpd_tls_security_level=may
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
# -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
smtps inet n - n - - smtpd -v
-o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
# -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
# -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#628 inet n - y - - qmqpd
pickup fifo n - y 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - y - 0 cleanup
qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 qmgr
#qmgr unix n - n 300 1 oqmgr
tlsmgr unix - - y 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - y - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - y - 0 bounce
defer unix - - y - 0 bounce
trace unix - - y - 0 bounce
verify unix - - y - 1 verify
flush unix n - y 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - y - - smtp
relay unix - - y - - smtp
# -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq unix n - y - - showq
error unix - - y - - error
retry unix - - y - - error
discard unix - - y - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - y - - lmtp
anvil unix - - y - 1 anvil
scache unix - - y - 1 scache
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.
#
# Specify in cyrus.conf:
# lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4
#
# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:
# mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
# virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
# Old example of delivery via Cyrus.
#
#old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
uucp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
mailman unix - n n - - pipe
flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
${nexthop} ${user}
-
[root@mail postfix]#
我已经为此苦苦思索了两天多了......请帮帮我......
更新：这是 /etc/services，它太大了，无法放在帖子里……