我在 /etc/postfix/virtual 中有以下条目：
[email protected] [email protected], [email protected]
[email protected] tracking.tracking@localhost
/etc/aliases 中的以下条目将电子邮件转发给命令：
tracking.tracking: |"/usr/local/v2_mail/v2/script/email_handler.sh"
此配置完美运行如果邮件发送至[电子邮件保护] 本地来自电子邮件服务器（通过 dovecot 服务传送），但如果从远程服务器发送则不行（通过 spamassassin 服务发送）。在第二种情况下邮件被退回（用户未知）。看来，spamassassin 不知道 /etc/aliases。我该如何解决这个问题？
通过邮件服务器 spamassassin 运行从远程服务器发送的消息的日志：
Sep 18 09:39:21 zg-3 postfix/smtpd[29296]: B7905A7318: client=zg-2.mydomain.org[94.231.88.101]
Sep 18 09:39:21 zg-3 postfix/cleanup[29301]: B7905A7318: message-id=<[email protected]>
Sep 18 09:39:21 zg-3 postfix/qmgr[24943]: B7905A7318: from=<[email protected]>, size=1427, nrcpt=3 (queue active)
Sep 18 09:39:21 zg-3 postfix/pipe[29477]: B7905A7318: to=<[email protected]>, orig_to=<[email protected]>, relay=spamassassin, delay=0.2, delays=0.01/0.01/0/0.18, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered via spamassassin service)
Sep 18 09:39:22 zg-3 postfix/pipe[29479]: B7905A7318: to=<tracking.tracking@localhost>, orig_to=<[email protected]>, relay=spamassassin, delay=0.43, delays=0.01/0.02/0/0.4, dsn=5.1.1, status=bounced (user unknown)
Sep 18 09:39:22 zg-3 postfix/bounce[29486]: B7905A7318: sender non-delivery notification: 2BBCAA731F
Sep 18 09:39:22 zg-3 postfix/qmgr[24943]: B7905A7318: removed
从邮件服务器本地发送的消息的日志，spamassassin 不运行：
Sep 18 09:53:46 zg-3 postfix/pickup[29998]: 07DADA7318: uid=0 from=<[email protected]>
Sep 18 09:53:46 zg-3 postfix/cleanup[30146]: 07DADA7318: message-id=<[email protected]>
Sep 18 09:53:46 zg-3 postfix/qmgr[24943]: 07DADA7318: from=<[email protected]>, size=399, nrcpt=3 (queue active)
Sep 18 09:53:46 zg-3 postfix/pipe[30466]: 07DADA7318: to=<[email protected]>, orig_to=<[email protected]>, relay=dovecot, delay=0.05, delays=0.01/0.01/0/0.02, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered via dovecot service)
Sep 18 09:53:46 zg-3 postfix/local[30147]: 07DADA7318: to=<tracking.tracking@localhost>, orig_to=<[email protected]>, relay=local, delay=0.45, delays=0.01/0/0/0.43, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered to command: /usr/local/v2_mail/v2/script/email_handler.sh)
Sep 18 09:53:46 zg-3 postfix/qmgr[24943]: 07DADA7318: removed
我的main.cf：
# Puppet module: postfix_server_primary, template: main.cf.erb
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu)
biff = no
# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
append_dot_mydomain = no
# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
#delay_warning_time = 4h
readme_directory = no
myhostname = zg-3.mydomain.org
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
myorigin = mydomain.org
mydestination = zg-3.mydomain.org, localhost.mydomain.org, localhost
relayhost =
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 94.231.88.102 172.16.0.0/16 80.254.175.85
# 50 MB
message_size_limit = 52428800
### TLS parameters
smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
smtpd_use_tls=yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
### Dovecot SMTP authentication
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
# With Postfix version before 2.10, use smtpd_recipient_restrictions
#smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination
# Milter configuration
# OpenDKIM
milter_default_action = accept
milter_protocol = 6
smtpd_milters = local:/opendkim/opendkim.sock
non_smtpd_milters = local:/opendkim/opendkim.sock
### Virtual aliases to push emails into V2 systems:
# 1. virtual alias to <system_name>.email_address@localhost
# 2. alias <system_name>.email_address@localhost |"/usr/local/v2_mail/v2/script/email_handler.sh..."
# See http://www.postfix.org/VIRTUAL_README.html#virtual_alias for virtual aliases
virtual_alias_domains = works-organiser.com
# can be used more than one e.g. for different domains
virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual
mailbox_size_limit = 0
virtual_mailbox_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = all
### Configuration for virtual mailboxes
home_mailbox = Maildir/
virtual_mailbox_domains = /etc/postfix/vhosts
virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail
virtual_mailbox_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/vmaps
virtual_minimum_uid = 1000
virtual_uid_maps = static:1002
virtual_gid_maps = static:1002
virtual_transport = dovecot
spamassassin_destination_recipient_limit = 1
dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1
我的master.cf：
# Puppet module: postfix_server_primary, template: master.cf.erb
#
# Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format
# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master").
#
# Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file.
#
# ==========================================================================
# service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args
# (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
smtp inet n - - - - smtpd
-o content_filter=spamassassin
#smtp inet n - - - 1 postscreen
#smtpd pass - - - - - smtpd
#dnsblog unix - - - - 0 dnsblog
#tlsproxy unix - - - - 0 tlsproxy
submission inet n - - - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/submission
# SSL/TLS
-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
# STARTTLS
# -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
smtps inet n - - - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
# SSL/TLS
-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
# STARTTLS
# -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#628 inet n - - - - qmqpd
pickup fifo n - - 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup
qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 qmgr
#qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 oqmgr
tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce
defer unix - - - - 0 bounce
trace unix - - - - 0 bounce
verify unix - - - - 1 verify
flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - - - - smtp
relay unix - - - - - smtp
# -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq unix n - - - - showq
error unix - - - - - error
retry unix - - - - - error
discard unix - - - - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp
anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil
scache unix - - - - 1 scache
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.
#
# Specify in cyrus.conf:
# lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4
#
# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:
# mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
# virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
# Old example of delivery via Cyrus.
#
#old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
uucp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
mailman unix - n n - - pipe
flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
${nexthop} ${user}
spamassassin unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DROhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/bin/spamc -f -e
/usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -f ${sender} -d ${user}@${nexthop}
dovecot unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -f ${sender} -d ${user}@${nexthop}
答案1
问题在于，作为本地传送代理 (LDA) 的 dovecot（不是 spamassassin）对 /etc/aliases 一无所知。因此，我决定将自己的 LDA 实现为一个简单的 shell 脚本：
#!/bin/bash
# This script started by spamassassin (spamc) as defined in /etc/postfix/master.cf:
# spamassassin unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=DROhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/bin/spamc -f -e /usr/local/mail/script/lda.sh ${sender} ${user}@${nexthop}
#
# So the first argument is the "from address", the 2nd is the "to address".
# If the "to address" is in format address@localhost and address is a line in /etc/aliases, and
# aliased to /usr/local/v2_mail/v2/script/email_handler.sh, than do the forwarding here
# otherwise forward to /usr/lib/dovecot/deliver or to /usr/bin/sendmail
# depending on local or remote delivery
#
# This workaround is necessary because dovecot has no idea about /etc/aliases
shopt -s extglob
if [[ "$2" =~ "@localhost" ]]; then
# Get address without "@localhost"
ADDRESS=${2%%*(@localhost)}
# Look for that line in /etc/aliases
LINE=`grep "^$ADDRESS: |\"/usr/local/v2_mail/v2/script/email_handler.sh" /etc/aliases`
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
# Line found, extract and run the command
CMD=${LINE//$ADDRESS: |\"/}
CMD=${CMD//\"/}
# Log the command execution
echo v2_lda.sh: $CMD
exec $CMD
fi
fi
# Local or remote delivery
if [[ "$2" =~ "@mydomain.org" ]] || [[ "$2" =~ "@mymail.com" ]] || [[ "$2" =~ "@localhost" ]]
then
# DO FURTHER PROCESSING OF /etc/aliases HERE IF YOU HAVE MORE
# ENTRIES IN IT
# Log the command execution
echo v2_lda.sh: /usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -f $1 -d $2
/usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -f $1 -d $2
exit $?
else
# Log the command execution
echo v2_lda.sh: /usr/sbin/sendmail -f $1 $2
/usr/sbin/sendmail -f $1 $2
exit $?
fi
该脚本位于 /usr/local/mail/script/lda.sh。因此，我更改了 master.cf 中的 spamassassin 行：
spamassassin unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DROhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/bin/spamc -f -e /usr/local/mail/script/lda.sh ${sender} ${user}@${nexthop}