如果下面的驱动器出现故障，我需要您的意见。
当我运行“smartctl -a /dev/sda -d megaraid,1”时，输出末尾出现了 2 个错误，提示“Error: WP at LBA”。我在 SMART 参数中没有看到任何可疑的东西。
这是“smartctl -a /dev/sda -d megaraid,1”的完整输出。
该 HDD 是 Dell PowerEdge 服务器上 Dell H330 控制器上 RAID 1（镜像）硬件配置中的两个 HDD 之一。
smartctl 7.0 2018-12-30 r4883 [x86_64-linux-3.10.0-957.21.3.el7.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-18, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Toshiba 3.5" MG03ACAxxx(Y) Enterprise HDD
Device Model: TOSHIBA MG03ACA300
Serial Number: 73VCK8GDF
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000039 4ebc82c58
Firmware Version: FL1A
User Capacity: 3,000,592,982,016 bytes [3.00 TB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm
Form Factor: 3.5 inches
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Thu Feb 27 23:05:39 2020 EET
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Status not supported: ATA return descriptor not supported by controller firmware
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
Warning: This result is based on an Attribute check.
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x82) Offline data collection activity
was completed without error.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 120) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 510) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 050 Pre-fail Always - 0
2 Throughput_Performance 0x0005 100 100 050 Pre-fail Offline - 0
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 100 100 001 Pre-fail Always - 8874
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 27
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 050 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 050 Pre-fail Always - 0
8 Seek_Time_Performance 0x0005 100 100 050 Pre-fail Offline - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 068 068 000 Old_age Always - 12964
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0033 100 100 030 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 27
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 6
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 25
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 42
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 31 (Min/Max 11/48)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
220 Disk_Shift 0x0002 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
222 Loaded_Hours 0x0032 068 068 000 Old_age Always - 12994
223 Load_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
224 Load_Friction 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
226 Load-in_Time 0x0026 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 103
240 Head_Flying_Hours 0x0001 100 100 001 Pre-fail Offline - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 2
CR = Command Register [HEX]
FR = Features Register [HEX]
SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
ER = Error register [HEX]
ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Error 2 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 12901 hours (537 days + 13 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 41 10 0e fb 74 40 Error: WP at LBA = 0x0074fb0e = 7666446
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
61 08 00 48 7a e0 40 00 42d+20:47:35.187 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 08 20 58 89 8a 40 00 42d+20:47:35.187 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 10 20 48 89 8a 40 00 42d+20:47:35.187 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 08 20 48 7a e0 40 00 42d+20:47:35.183 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 08 20 40 89 8a 40 00 42d+20:47:35.183 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
Error 1 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 12901 hours (537 days + 13 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 41 00 0e fb 74 40 Error: WP at LBA = 0x0074fb0e = 7666446
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
61 10 10 18 94 de 40 00 42d+20:47:32.312 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 08 00 fc 74 40 00 42d+20:47:32.311 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 00 00 fb 74 40 00 42d+20:47:32.311 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 00 00 fa 74 40 00 42d+20:47:32.284 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 00 00 f9 74 40 00 42d+20:47:32.264 READ FPDMA QUEUED
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged. [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
稍后编辑1：
我还检查了 PowerEdge 服务器上的 iDRAC，并在“存储”菜单 >“摘要”>“最近记录的存储事件”中找到了与 2 个 SMART 错误的发生相对应的事件。
事件状态：“恢复期间已更正插槽 1 中的 RAID 控制器背板 1 中的磁盘 1 上的磁盘介质错误”。请参阅下面的屏幕截图。
来自 iDRAC > 存储菜单 > 摘要 > 最近记录的存储事件的图像
后来编辑2：
几天后，Current_Pending_Sector 增加到 1 并持续了几个小时，然后又减少到 0。
Reallocated_Sector_Ct、Reallocated_Event_Count 和 Offline_Uncorrectable 始终保持为 0。
SMART 错误日志中还出现了另一个错误：“错误：LBA 处的 UNC”。
尽管如此，iDRAC 中没有出现其他错误。
我们决定更换一个新的驱动器，因为我们不再信任这个驱动器。
谢谢你！
答案1
两个记录的错误表明您的硬盘无法读取/写入特定 LBA。但是，没有Reallocated_Sector_Ct / Reallocated_Event_Count / Current_Pending_Sector记录任何内容，这似乎表明盘片侧没有问题。
然而，这确实不是意味着你可以将错误视为软件引起的错误而丢弃：毕竟有些 LBA 无法正确读取/写入，因此你有一个真实的问题。当此类错误弹出而没有相应的坏扇区时，通常是由以下原因造成的：
- SATA/电源线损坏
- 电源故障
- 振动太大。
在合适的 PowerEdge 服务器上，您不应该遇到电缆问题（即：您使用的是 SATA 背板）。虽然偶尔会出现问题，但这种情况非常罕见。
另一方面，您有一个非零值G-Sense_Error_Rate，因此读/写失败可能与服务器/磁盘的强烈振动有关。
我会同时监控 SATA 和dmesg日志，以确保问题不再发生。如果再次看到此问题，请记下受影响的 LBA 范围并将其与上面的范围进行比较 ( LBA = 0x0074fb0e = 7666446)：如果情况仍然相同，则说明您有一个真正的坏扇区，出于某种原因，SMART 数据未报告该扇区（这是消费级磁盘上相对常见的行为，但对于企业级 HDD 来说却令人惊讶）。
更新：根据您的 iDRAC 日志，似乎介质错误已使用 Patrol Read 存储在另一镜像支路中的值进行更正。这确实看起来像是一个真正的坏块；但是，相对 SMART 计数器没有增加的事实令人费解。过去我看到过一个磁盘，它仅在报告读/写错误时才重新分配扇区两次对于受影响的扇区来说，但对于东芝企业磁盘来说，这会很奇怪。
另一个可能的解释是，某种原因（可能是强烈的震动）导致写入错误/未对齐/撕裂，从而导致扇区无法读取。但是，由于该扇区并未真正损坏，因此它被 Patrol Read 成功覆盖，而无需进行任何重新分配。
最后，这可能是真正的位腐烂情况：写入的数据与 HDD 内部 ECC 校验和不匹配。在这些情况下，HDD 会返回读取错误；然而，这并不能解释写上面报告的错误。
反正，偶然预计会出现介质更正。但是，如上所述，我会监视情况，如果此类报告变得更加频繁，我会替换磁盘。
答案2
判断依据：
Reallocated_Sector_Ct 100 0
Reallocated_Event_Count 100 0
Current_Pending_Sector 100 0
您的硬盘没有问题。没有重新分配的扇区或等待重新分配的扇区。实际上，没有检测到可疑扇区。
WP 错误（即写保护）可能有各种非物理原因（与软件相关）。
因此，您的 HDD 没有出现故障。