初次安装后 tomcat 8 无法启动

初次安装后 tomcat 8 无法启动

我正在尝试在新的 CentOS 7 虚拟机上安装 tomcat。我成功安装了 apache httpd,并且当我在网络中另一台计算机上的 Web 浏览器中输入虚拟机的 IP 时,能够获取 apache 测试页面。但当我输入时收到以下错误消息systemctl start tomcat

Job for tomcat.service failed. See 'systemctl status tomcat.service' and 'journalctl -xn' for details.  

以下是 java 和 tomcat 安装中命令的完整历史记录:

我首先使用安装java开始本教程中的说明因为tomcat指令(下面的第二块)希望我使用openjdk,并且我需要使用真正的java:

//Install Java
# cd /opt/
# yum install wget
# wget --no-cookies --no-check-certificate --header "Cookie: gpw_e24=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oracle.com%2F; oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" "http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u60-b27/jdk-8u60-linux-x64.tar.gz"

# tar xzf jdk-8u60-linux-x64.tar.gz

# cd /opt/jdk1.8.0_60/
# alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /opt/jdk1.8.0_60/bin/java 2
# alternatives --config java
(Select the version you want)
# alternatives --install /usr/bin/jar jar /opt/jdk1.8.0_60/bin/jar 2
# alternatives --install /usr/bin/javac javac /opt/jdk1.8.0_60/bin/javac 2
# alternatives --set jar /opt/jdk1.8.0_60/bin/jar
# alternatives --set javac /opt/jdk1.8.0_60/bin/javac
# java -version (checks to see you install correct version)
# export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.8.0_60
# export JRE_HOME=/opt/jdk1.8.0_60/jre
# export PATH=$PATH:/opt/jdk1.8.0_60/bin:/opt/jdk1.8.0_60/jre/bin

请注意,前面的教程没有解释如何将环境变量放入 中/etc/environment,因此我在该命令之前停止了。

以下命令来自这是另一个教程。我在安装java后开始:

//Install Tomcat
Login as sudo user, not root.
# sudo groupadd tomcat
# sudo useradd -M -s /bin/nologin -g tomcat -d /opt/tomcat tomcat
# cd ~
# wget http://mirrors.gigenet.com/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.0.27/bin/apache-tomcat-8.0.27.tar.gz
# sudo mkdir /opt/tomcat
# sudo tar xvf apache-tomcat-8*tar.gz -C /opt/tomcat --strip-components=1
# cd /opt/tomcat
# sudo chgrp -R tomcat conf
# sudo chmod g+rwx conf
# sudo chmod g+r conf/*
# sudo chown -R tomcat work/ temp/ logs/
# sudo vi /etc/systemd/system/tomcat.service
Cut and paste the following file contents:
##################################################
# Systemd unit file for tomcat
[Unit]
Description=Apache Tomcat Web Application Container
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
Type=forking

Environment=JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jre
Environment=CATALINA_PID=/opt/tomcat/temp/tomcat.pid
Environment=CATALINA_HOME=/opt/tomcat
Environment=CATALINA_BASE=/opt/tomcat
Environment='CATALINA_OPTS=-Xms512M -Xmx1024M -server -XX:+UseParallelGC'
Environment='JAVA_OPTS=-Djava.awt.headless=true -Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom'

ExecStart=/opt/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
ExecStop=/bin/kill -15 $MAINPID

User=tomcat
Group=tomcat

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
##################################################
# sudo systemctl daemon-reload

# sudo systemctl start tomcat
Job for tomcat.service failed. See 'systemctl status tomcat.service' and 'journalctl -xn' for details.
# sudo systemctl start tomcat.service

tomcat.service 作业失败。有关详细信息,请参阅“systemctl status tomcat.service”和“journalctl -xn”。 # sudo systemctl 启用 tomcat.service ln -s '/etc/systemd/system/tomcat.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/tomcat.service' # sudo systemctl 启用 tomcat

# sudo systemctl status tomcat.service
tomcat.service - Apache Tomcat Web Application Container
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/tomcat.service; enabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Tue 2015-10-13 11:05:31 PDT; 47s ago

Oct 13 11:05:31 localhost.localdomain kill[20887]: -q, --queue <sig>      use sigqueue(2) rather than kill(2)
Oct 13 11:05:31 localhost.localdomain kill[20887]: -p, --pid              print pids without signaling them
Oct 13 11:05:31 localhost.localdomain kill[20887]: -l, --list [=<signal>] list signal names, or convert one to a name
Oct 13 11:05:31 localhost.localdomain kill[20887]: -L, --table            list signal names and numbers
Oct 13 11:05:31 localhost.localdomain kill[20887]: -h, --help     display this help and exit
Oct 13 11:05:31 localhost.localdomain kill[20887]: -V, --version  output version information and exit
Oct 13 11:05:31 localhost.localdomain kill[20887]: For more details see kill(1).
Oct 13 11:05:31 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: tomcat.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1
Oct 13 11:05:31 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Failed to start Apache Tomcat Web Application Container.
Oct 13 11:05:31 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Unit tomcat.service entered failed state.

按照建议执行yum localinstall更新的 jdk rpm在另一个帖子中, 不工作。


编辑:


根据@Bram的建议,我将配置文件更改为以下内容,但仍然遇到相同的错误:

# Systemd unit file for tomcat
[Unit]
Description=Apache Tomcat Web Application Container
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
Type=forking

Environment=JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.8.0_60
Environment=CATALINA_PID=/opt/tomcat/temp/tomcat.pid
Environment=CATALINA_HOME=/opt/tomcat
Environment=CATALINA_BASE=/opt/tomcat
Environment='CATALINA_OPTS=-Xms512M -Xmx1024M -server -XX:+UseParallelGC'
Environment='JAVA_OPTS=-Djava.awt.headless=true -Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom'

ExecStart=/opt/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
ExecStop=/bin/kill -15 $MAINPID

User=tomcat
Group=tomcat

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

另外,根据 @JeffSchaller 在聊天中的评论,我能够让 tomcat 以本机方式启动,如下所示:

[user@localhost tomcat]$ sudo /opt/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /opt/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /opt/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /opt/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /
Using CLASSPATH: /opt/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/opt/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
[user@localhost tomcat]$

因此,这个OP中的问题似乎与systemd配置有关。我该如何修复它?

答案1

我遇到了同样的问题,通过以下方式修复了它:

  1. 授予 tomcat 用户整个tomcat目录的所有权:

    cd /opt && sudo chown -R tomcat tomcat/
    
  2. 并在 /etc/systemd/system/tomcat.service 中注释掉以下行:

    Environment='CATALINA_OPTS=-Xms512M -Xmx1024M -server -XX:+UseParallelGC'
    

答案2

由于您将 Java 安装在非默认位置,因此您需要告诉 tomcat 在哪里可以找到它。

在您发布的单元文件中,JAVA_HOME 设置为/usr/lib/jvm/jre,但在有关java 安装的部分中,JAVA_HOME 为/opt/jdk1.8.0_60。

如果您在 tomcat systemd 单元文件中设置 JAVA_HOME 我相信它会起作用。

单元文件还指定用户 tomcat。但是当您手动启动它时,您将以 root 身份启动它。问题很可能是 tomcat 尝试打开特权端口。启动脚本是否以 root 身份启动 tomcat?或者它以用户 tomcat 启动进程?从单元文件中删除用户和组应该会触发与命令行尝试相同的行为。

答案3

根据错误消息,我认为问题出在ExecStop=/bin/kill -15 $MAINPID变量未被替换的地方。根据服务文档,$MAINPID预计仅适用于ExecReload命令。问题仍然存在:为什么ExecStop在触发时运行start

可能systemd会留下 JVM 进程工作目录,因为/这可能与已部署的应用程序无关。

我建议您进入CATALINA_OPTS脚本并首先尝试使用这样一个简单的配置JAVA_OPTS/opt/tomcat/bin/setenv.sh

[Unit]
Description=Apache Tomcat
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
Type=forking

Environment=JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/default
Environment=CATALINA_PID=/opt/tomcat/temp/tomcat.pid
Environment=CATALINA_HOME=/opt/tomcat
Environment=CATALINA_BASE=/opt/tomcat

WorkingDirectory=/opt/tomcat

ExecStart=/opt/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
ExecStop=/opt/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh

User=tomcat
Group=tomcat

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

无论如何,请报告journalctl -xnlogs/catalina.out内容

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