Samba4 与 Time Machine 出现问题：无法在 Samba 共享上创建新的备份

Question 1

我遇到了同样的问题，我的 Mac 拒绝在 Samba 服务器上创建初始稀疏包文件。在结合了https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/Configure_Samba_to_Work_Better_with_Mac_OS_X它终于开始备份了。

虽然我只能假设，但以下评论引起了我的注意：如何存储 OS X 元数据：fruit:metadata = stream

您可以尝试从 netatalk 切换到 stream。使用 netatalk 可能会阻止时间机器存储其元数据。

祝你好运，凯

Answer

我遇到了同样的问题，我的 Mac 拒绝在 Samba 服务器上创建初始稀疏包文件。在结合了https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/Configure_Samba_to_Work_Better_with_Mac_OS_X它终于开始备份了。

虽然我只能假设，但以下评论引起了我的注意：如何存储 OS X 元数据：fruit:metadata = stream

您可以尝试从 netatalk 切换到 stream。使用 netatalk 可能会阻止时间机器存储其元数据。

祝你好运，凯

Question 2

我想发布一些额外的信息给大家。我目前工作的 smb.conf 如下。添加fruit:metadata = stream对我来说只起作用了一小会儿，所以下面是几个小时额外测试的结果。

请注意，这是在 Debian 10 (Buster) 上，因此密码更改命令等内容在其他发行版上会有所不同。另请注意，设置中的模块顺序vfs objects = catia fruit streams_xattr非常重要。

# NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command
# "testparm" to check that you have not made any basic syntactic 
# errors. 
[global]
   workgroup = WORKGROUP
   min protocol = SMB2


   log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
   max log size = 5000
   logging = file
   security = USER
   
   panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d

   server role = standalone server
   obey pam restrictions = yes
   unix password sync = yes

   passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
   passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .
   pam password change = yes
   username map = /etc/samba/users.map
   map to guest = bad user
   guest account = XXXYOURGUESTACCOUNT

# Time Machine settings
   vfs objects = catia fruit streams_xattr
   fruit:model = RackMac
   fruit:advertise_fullsync = true
   fruit:metadata = stream
   fruit:veto_appledouble = no
#default is yes, not necessary to specify fruit:posix_rename = no
#default is yes, not necessary to specify fruit:zero_file_id = yes
   fruit:wipe_intentionally_left_blank_rfork = yes
   fruit:delete_empty_adfiles = yes
   ea support = yes


#default is yes, not necessary to specify   fruit:aapl = yes

   # Make share visible to Windows
#Disabled for a Mac-Only network
#   lanman auth = no
#   ntlm auth = yes
#   wins support = yes
#   local master = yes
#   preferred master = yes

   # Allow symlinks
#   follow symlinks = yes
#   wide links = yes
#   unix extensions = no

#======================= Share Definitions =======================
[SHARED DRIVE]

   path = /PATH/TO/YOUR/SHARED/FOLDER
   valid users = @YOURGUESTUSERGROUP
   writable = yes
   durable handles = yes
   kernel oplocks = no
   kernel share modes = no
   posix locking = no
   vfs objects = catia fruit streams_xattr
#default is yes, not necessary to specify   ea support = yes
#default is yes, not necessary to specify browseable = yes
   read only = no
   inherit acls = yes
   fruit:time machine = yes
   fruit:metadata = stream
   fruit:locking = netatalk
   guest ok = yes

[Time Machine]
   path = /PATH/TO/YOUR/SHARED/FOLDER
   valid users = @YOURGUESTUSERGROUP
   writable = yes
   durable handles = yes
   kernel oplocks = no
   kernel share modes = no
   posix locking = no
   vfs objects = catia fruit streams_xattr
#default is yes, not necessary to specify   ea support = yes
   browseable = no
   read only = no
   inherit acls = yes
   fruit:time machine = yes
   fruit:metadata = stream
   fruit:locking = netatalk
   fruit:time machine max size = 1.9T

**编辑：事实证明，只要没有与 Samba 相关的广告，Debian 10 上的 Samba 4.9 就会自动广告 TimeMachine 目标/etc/avahi/services。我的系统没有广告 TimeMachine 共享，因为我还为 avahi 设置了手动 smb 共享。当我禁用两者时，Samba 会正确地广告两者。

*** 旧版见上文还请注意，使用 Debian 10 构建的 Samba 目前没有内置对宣传 Time Machine 共享的支持。通常指定fruit:time machine = yes将触发 Samba 通过 Avahi 宣传 Time Machine 目标，但 Debian 10 中包含的 Samba 并未内置此特定支持。您需要在中配置 .service 定义/etc/avahi/services/。我在该文件夹中创建了 time_machine_advert.service。您需要重新启动 avahi 以确保它能够应用sudo systemctl restart avahi。我有两个 Time Machine 目标。只需复制 txt 记录并增加 dkX（即 dk1、dk2 等），即可在单个文件中宣传多个目标。

<?xml version="1.0" standalone='no'?><!--*-nxml-*-->
<!DOCTYPE service-group SYSTEM "avahi-service.dtd">
<service-group>
 <name replace-wildcards="yes">%h</name>
 <service>
   <type>_adisk._tcp</type>
   <txt-record>sys=waMa=0,adVF=0x100</txt-record>
   <txt-record>dk0=adVN=SAMBA SHARE NAME EXACTLY,adVF=0x82</txt-record>
   <txt-record>dk1=adVN=SAMBA SHARE NAME #2 EXACTLY,adVF=0x82</txt-record>
 </service>
  <service>
    <type>_smb._tcp</type>
    <port>445</port>
  </service>
</service-group>

这里还有一些与 Time Machine 相关的 Samba 配置其他有用站点：

Samba 团队的 Time Machine 配置官方指南，尽管仅凭这一点并不能让我获得可用的配置：https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/Configure_Samba_to_Work_Better_with_Mac_OS_X

smb.conf参考：https://www.samba.org/samba/docs/current/man-html/smb.conf.5.html

vfs_fruit（Samba 的 Apple 兼容模块）参考https://www.samba.org/samba/docs/current/man-html/vfs_fruit.8.html

Ken Murphy 在 GitHub 上的 smb.conf 终于让我下定了决心，让我的设置正常工作：https://github.com/KenMurphy/SambaConfigs/blob/master/smb.conf

Debian 上的 Samba 常规指南：https://www.antoneliasson.se/journal/time-machine-compatible-samba-on-debian-buster/

Answer