我有一个4磁盘存储服务器和两个 ZFS raidz1 池昨晚突然开始运行100% CPU与高平均负载：
root@stg1:~# w
07:05:48 up 296 days, 17:19, 1 user, load average: 27.06, 25.49, 24.74
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
我有许多 arc_prune 进程，它们消耗了大量的 CPU：
我的zfs_arc_max大小是默认大小（应该是系统 RAM 的 50%），实际上它使用的内存不超过 16 Gb：
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ZFS Subsystem Report Thu Aug 27 07:09:34 2020
ARC Summary: (HEALTHY)
Memory Throttle Count: 0
ARC Misc:
Deleted: 567.62m
Mutex Misses: 10.46m
Evict Skips: 10.46m
ARC Size: 102.63% 15.99 GiB
Target Size: (Adaptive) 100.00% 15.58 GiB
Min Size (Hard Limit): 6.25% 996.88 MiB
Max Size (High Water): 16:1 15.58 GiB
ARC Size Breakdown:
Recently Used Cache Size: 56.67% 9.06 GiB
Frequently Used Cache Size: 43.33% 6.93 GiB
ARC Hash Breakdown:
Elements Max: 1.48m
Elements Current: 21.99% 325.26k
Collisions: 62.96m
Chain Max: 6
Chains: 12.66k
ARC Total accesses: 36.36b
Cache Hit Ratio: 81.78% 29.74b
Cache Miss Ratio: 18.22% 6.62b
Actual Hit Ratio: 81.55% 29.65b
Data Demand Efficiency: 89.52% 598.92m
Data Prefetch Efficiency: 22.19% 7.58m
CACHE HITS BY CACHE LIST:
Anonymously Used: 0.18% 53.22m
Most Recently Used: 2.05% 608.89m
Most Frequently Used: 97.66% 29.04b
Most Recently Used Ghost: 0.05% 14.79m
Most Frequently Used Ghost: 0.06% 17.72m
CACHE HITS BY DATA TYPE:
Demand Data: 1.80% 536.16m
Prefetch Data: 0.01% 1.68m
Demand Metadata: 97.83% 29.09b
Prefetch Metadata: 0.36% 107.49m
CACHE MISSES BY DATA TYPE:
Demand Data: 0.95% 62.77m
Prefetch Data: 0.09% 5.89m
Demand Metadata: 97.10% 6.43b
Prefetch Metadata: 1.87% 123.70m
DMU Prefetch Efficiency: 12.04b
Hit Ratio: 1.04% 124.91m
Miss Ratio: 98.96% 11.92b
ZFS Tunable:
zfs_arc_p_min_shift 0
zfs_checksums_per_second 20
zvol_request_sync 0
zfs_object_mutex_size 64
spa_slop_shift 5
zfs_sync_taskq_batch_pct 75
zfs_vdev_async_write_max_active 10
zfs_multilist_num_sublists 0
zfs_no_scrub_prefetch 0
zfs_vdev_sync_read_min_active 10
zfs_dmu_offset_next_sync 0
metaslab_debug_load 0
zfs_vdev_mirror_rotating_seek_inc 5
zfs_vdev_mirror_non_rotating_inc 0
zfs_read_history 0
zfs_multihost_history 0
zfs_metaslab_switch_threshold 2
metaslab_fragmentation_factor_enabled 1
zfs_admin_snapshot 1
zfs_delete_blocks 20480
zfs_arc_meta_prune 10000
zfs_free_min_time_ms 1000
zfs_dedup_prefetch 0
zfs_txg_history 0
zfs_vdev_max_active 1000
zfs_vdev_sync_write_min_active 10
spa_load_verify_data 1
zfs_dirty_data_max_max 4294967296
zfs_send_corrupt_data 0
zfs_scan_min_time_ms 1000
dbuf_cache_lowater_pct 10
zfs_send_queue_length 16777216
dmu_object_alloc_chunk_shift 7
zfs_arc_shrink_shift 0
zfs_resilver_min_time_ms 3000
zfs_free_bpobj_enabled 1
zfs_vdev_mirror_non_rotating_seek_inc 1
zfs_vdev_cache_max 16384
ignore_hole_birth 1
zfs_multihost_fail_intervals 5
zfs_arc_sys_free 0
zfs_sync_pass_dont_compress 5
zio_taskq_batch_pct 75
zfs_arc_meta_limit_percent 75
zfs_arc_p_dampener_disable 1
spa_load_verify_metadata 1
dbuf_cache_hiwater_pct 10
zfs_read_chunk_size 1048576
zfs_arc_grow_retry 0
metaslab_aliquot 524288
zfs_vdev_async_read_min_active 1
zfs_vdev_cache_bshift 16
metaslab_preload_enabled 1
l2arc_feed_min_ms 200
zfs_scrub_delay 4
zfs_read_history_hits 0
zfetch_max_distance 8388608
send_holes_without_birth_time 1
zfs_max_recordsize 1048576
zfs_dbuf_state_index 0
dbuf_cache_max_bytes 104857600
zfs_zevent_cols 80
zfs_no_scrub_io 0
zil_slog_bulk 786432
spa_asize_inflation 24
l2arc_write_boost 8388608
zfs_arc_meta_limit 0
zfs_deadman_enabled 1
zfs_abd_scatter_enabled 1
zfs_vdev_async_write_active_min_dirty_percent 30
zfs_free_leak_on_eio 0
zfs_vdev_cache_size 0
zfs_vdev_write_gap_limit 4096
l2arc_headroom 2
zfs_per_txg_dirty_frees_percent 30
zfs_compressed_arc_enabled 1
zfs_scan_ignore_errors 0
zfs_resilver_delay 2
zfs_metaslab_segment_weight_enabled 1
zfs_dirty_data_max_max_percent 25
zio_dva_throttle_enabled 1
zfs_vdev_scrub_min_active 1
zfs_arc_average_blocksize 8192
zfs_vdev_queue_depth_pct 1000
zfs_multihost_interval 1000
zio_requeue_io_start_cut_in_line 1
spa_load_verify_maxinflight 10000
zfetch_max_streams 8
zfs_multihost_import_intervals 10
zfs_mdcomp_disable 0
zfs_zevent_console 0
zfs_sync_pass_deferred_free 2
zfs_nocacheflush 0
zfs_arc_dnode_limit 0
zfs_delays_per_second 20
zfs_dbgmsg_enable 0
zfs_scan_idle 50
zfs_vdev_raidz_impl [fastest] original scalar
zio_delay_max 30000
zvol_threads 32
zfs_vdev_async_write_min_active 2
zfs_vdev_sync_read_max_active 10
l2arc_headroom_boost 200
zfs_sync_pass_rewrite 2
spa_config_path /etc/zfs/zpool.cache
zfs_pd_bytes_max 52428800
zfs_dirty_data_sync 67108864
zfs_flags 0
zfs_deadman_checktime_ms 5000
zfs_dirty_data_max_percent 10
zfetch_min_sec_reap 2
zfs_mg_noalloc_threshold 0
zfs_arc_meta_min 0
zvol_prefetch_bytes 131072
zfs_deadman_synctime_ms 1000000
zfs_autoimport_disable 1
zfs_arc_min 0
l2arc_noprefetch 1
zfs_nopwrite_enabled 1
l2arc_feed_again 1
zfs_vdev_sync_write_max_active 10
zfs_prefetch_disable 0
zfetch_array_rd_sz 1048576
zfs_metaslab_fragmentation_threshold 70
l2arc_write_max 8388608
zfs_dbgmsg_maxsize 4194304
zfs_vdev_read_gap_limit 32768
zfs_delay_min_dirty_percent 60
zfs_recv_queue_length 16777216
zfs_vdev_async_write_active_max_dirty_percent 60
metaslabs_per_vdev 200
zfs_arc_lotsfree_percent 10
zfs_immediate_write_sz 32768
zil_replay_disable 0
zfs_vdev_mirror_rotating_inc 0
zvol_volmode 1
zfs_arc_meta_strategy 1
dbuf_cache_max_shift 5
metaslab_bias_enabled 1
zfs_vdev_async_read_max_active 3
l2arc_feed_secs 1
zfs_arc_max 0
zfs_zevent_len_max 256
zfs_free_max_blocks 100000
zfs_top_maxinflight 32
zfs_arc_meta_adjust_restarts 4096
l2arc_norw 0
zfs_recover 0
zvol_inhibit_dev 0
zfs_vdev_aggregation_limit 131072
zvol_major 230
metaslab_debug_unload 0
metaslab_lba_weighting_enabled 1
zfs_txg_timeout 5
zfs_arc_min_prefetch_lifespan 0
zfs_vdev_scrub_max_active 2
zfs_vdev_mirror_rotating_seek_offset 1048576
zfs_arc_pc_percent 0
zfs_vdev_scheduler noop
zvol_max_discard_blocks 16384
zfs_arc_dnode_reduce_percent 10
zfs_dirty_data_max 3344961536
zfs_abd_scatter_max_order 10
zfs_expire_snapshot 300
zfs_arc_dnode_limit_percent 10
zfs_delay_scale 500000
zfs_mg_fragmentation_threshold 85
这些是我的 ZFS 池：
root@stg1:~# zpool status
pool: bpool
state: ONLINE
status: Some supported features are not enabled on the pool. The pool can
still be used, but some features are unavailable.
action: Enable all features using 'zpool upgrade'. Once this is done,
the pool may no longer be accessible by software that does not support
the features. See zpool-features(5) for details.
scan: scrub repaired 0B in 0h0m with 0 errors on Sun Aug 9 00:24:06 2020
config:
NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM
bpool ONLINE 0 0 0
raidz1-0 ONLINE 0 0 0
ata-HGST_HUH721010ALE600_JEJRYJ7N-part3 ONLINE 0 0 0
ata-HGST_HUH721010ALE600_JEKELZTZ-part3 ONLINE 0 0 0
ata-HGST_HUH721010ALE600_JEKEW7PZ-part3 ONLINE 0 0 0
ata-HGST_HUH721010ALE600_JEKG492Z-part3 ONLINE 0 0 0
errors: No known data errors
pool: rpool
state: ONLINE
scan: scrub repaired 0B in 7h34m with 0 errors on Sun Aug 9 07:58:40 2020
config:
NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM
rpool ONLINE 0 0 0
raidz1-0 ONLINE 0 0 0
ata-HGST_HUH721010ALE600_JEJRYJ7N-part4 ONLINE 0 0 0
ata-HGST_HUH721010ALE600_JEKELZTZ-part4 ONLINE 0 0 0
ata-HGST_HUH721010ALE600_JEKEW7PZ-part4 ONLINE 0 0 0
ata-HGST_HUH721010ALE600_JEKG492Z-part4 ONLINE 0 0 0
errors: No known data errors
驱动器为 SATA，不幸的是我无法添加任何缓存 SSD 设备。
我可以做些什么来释放一些 CPU？
答案1
某些因素正在迫使 ZFS 通过缩小 ARC 来回收内存。要立即解决此问题，您可以尝试发出
echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches仅删除 Linux 页面缓存，或者
echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches删除 Linux 页面缓存和弧
但是，为了再次避免这种情况，您应该确定导致内存压力的原因，并在必要时进行zfs_arc_min相同的设置zfs_arc_max（基本上禁用 ARC 修剪）。
编辑：根据您的free输出，您的问题似乎与页面缓存无关。相反，您当前的 ARC 大小是大，导致 shrinker 线程被唤醒。但是zfs_arc_max，它们似乎无法释放任何内存。我建议写信给 zfs 邮件列表[email protected]寻求进一步帮助。如果您需要立即解决问题，请发出上面描述的第二个命令 ( echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches)