大家好！
我将非常感激您的帮助！
过去两天我无法让 Mikrotik 路由器连接到 Debian 10 OpenVPN 服务器。
每次连接尝试路由器都会显示以下错误消息：
Status: terminating... - could not add address: netmask cannot be /0 (6)
这是我的配置：
客户：Mikrotik RB2011UiAS-2HnD-IN / RouterOS：7.1b2 / 6.46.8（尝试了两种固件）
"White" IP: 195.111.111.2/30 Gateway: 195.111.111.1
[admin@MikroTik] > /interface print
Flags: R - RUNNING; S - SLAVE
# NAME TYPE ACTU L2MT MAX- MAC-ADDRESS
0 R ether1-gateway ether 1500 1598 4074 D4:CA:6D:00:E0:03
1 RS ether2 ether 1500 1598 4074 D4:CA:6D:00:E0:04
2 RS ether3 ether 1500 1598 4074 D4:CA:6D:00:E0:05
3 RS ether4 ether 1500 1598 4074 D4:CA:6D:00:E0:06
4 S ether5 ether 1500 1598 4074 D4:CA:6D:00:E0:07
5 S ether6 ether 1500 1598 2028 D4:CA:6D:00:E0:08
6 S ether7 ether 1500 1598 2028 D4:CA:6D:00:E0:09
7 S ether8 ether 1500 1598 2028 D4:CA:6D:00:E0:0A
8 S ether9 ether 1500 1598 2028 D4:CA:6D:00:E0:0B
9 S ether10 ether 1500 1598 2028 D4:CA:6D:00:E0:0C
10 sfp1 ether 1500 1598 4074 D4:CA:6D:00:E0:02
11 RS wlan1 wlan 1500 1600 2290 D4:CA:6D:00:E0:0D
12 office ovpn-out 02:FF:F4:DF:C3:9A
13 R bridge1 bridge 1500 1598 D4:CA:6D:00:E0:0D
[admin@MikroTik] > /interface ovpn-client print
Flags: X - disabled; R - running
0 name="office" mac-address=02:F2:F2:2F:CC:1A max-mtu=1500 connect-to=195.222.222.2 port=1198 mode=ip protocol=tcp user="mikrotik" password="" profile=default
certificate=cert_2 verify-server-certificate=no auth=sha1 cipher=aes256 use-peer-dns=no add-default-route=no
[admin@MikroTik] > /ip route print
Flags: D - DYNAMIC; X - DISABLED, I - INACTIVE, A - ACTIVE; C - CONNECT, S - STATIC, m - MODEM
# DST-ADDRESS GATEWAY D
AS 0.0.0.0/0 195.111.111.1 1
DAC 192.168.47.0/24 bridge1 0
DAC 195.111.111.2/30 ether1-gateway 0
[admin@MikroTik] > /ip firewall nat print
Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid; D - dynamic
0 chain=srcnat action=masquerade dst-address=0.0.0.0 out-interface=ether1-gateway log=no log-prefix=""
服务器： Debian 10 + Xen 4.11 桥接
# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eno1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq master xenbr0 state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 2c:2f:6b:20:2e:24 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: eno2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 2c:2f:2b:20:2e:25 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 195.222.222.2/30 brd 195.222.222.1 scope global eno2
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: xenbr0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 2c:2f:2b:20:2e:24 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.48.1/24 brd 192.168.48.255 scope global xenbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: vif1.0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq master xenbr0 state UP group default qlen 32
link/ether fe:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
6: tun1: <POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN group default qlen 500
link/none
inet 10.101.0.1/24 scope global tun1
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
# cat /etc/openvpn/server.conf:
local 195.222.222.2
port 1198
proto tcp
dev tun1
ca /etc/openvpn/keys/ca.crt
cert /etc/openvpn/keys/server.crt
key /etc/openvpn/keys/server.key
dh /etc/openvpn/keys/dh.pem
data-ciphers AES-256-CBC
cipher AES-256-CBC
auth SHA1
topology subnet
server 10.101.0.0 255.255.255.0
ifconfig-pool-persist ipp_tcp.txt
client-config-dir ccd
push "route 192.168.48.0 255.255.255.0"
push "route 192.168.47.0 255.255.255.0"
route 192.168.47.0/24 255.255.255.0
client-to-client
keepalive 10 120
;comp-lzo
;max-clients 100
user nobody
group nogroup
persist-key
persist-tun
status /var/log/openvpn/openvpn-status.log
log /var/log/openvpn/openvpn.log
verb 6
;mute 20
#/etc/openvpn/ccd/mikrotik
iroute 192.168.47.0 255.255.255.0 10.101.0.2
ifconfig-push 10.101.0.2 10.101.0.1 255.255.255.252
# iptables -S
-P INPUT DROP
-P FORWARD ACCEPT
-P OUTPUT ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 1198 -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i xenbr0 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state INVALID -j DROP
-A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -o xenbr0 -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
# iptables -t nat -S
-P PREROUTING ACCEPT
-P INPUT ACCEPT
-P POSTROUTING ACCEPT
-P OUTPUT ACCEPT
-A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.48.0/24 -d 192.168.48.0/24 -j ACCEPT
-A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.48.0/24 -d 10.0.0.0/8 -j ACCEPT
-A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.48.0/24 -j SNAT --to-source 195.222.222.2
OpenVPN服务器日志：
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=127869 MULTI: multi_create_instance called
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=127918 Re-using SSL/TLS context
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=127965 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1623 D:1210 EF:40 EB:0 ET:0 EL:3 ]
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=127977 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1623 D:1450 EF:123 EB:406 ET:0 EL:3 ]
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=128002 Local Options String (VER=V4): 'V4,dev-type tun,link-mtu 1559,tun-mtu 1500,proto TCPv4_SERVER,cipher AES-256-CBC,auth SHA1,key$
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=128010 Expected Remote Options String (VER=V4): 'V4,dev-type tun,link-mtu 1559,tun-mtu 1500,proto TCPv4_CLIENT,cipher AES-256-CBC,aut$
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=128035 TCP connection established with [AF_INET]195.111.111.2:34720
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=128045 TCPv4_SERVER link local: (not bound)
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=128053 TCPv4_SERVER link remote: [AF_INET]195.111.111.2:34720
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=132062 195.111.111.2:34720 TCPv4_SERVER READ [14] from [AF_INET]195.111.111.2:34720: P_CONTROL_HARD_RESET_CLIENT_V2 kid=0 [ ] pid=0$
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=132100 195.111.111.2:34720 TLS: Initial packet from [AF_INET]195.111.111.2:34720, sid=d0dc4e5c 860c785f
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=132124 195.111.111.2:34720 TCPv4_SERVER WRITE [26] to [AF_INET]195.111.111.2:34720: P_CONTROL_HARD_RESET_SERVER_V2 kid=0 [ 0 ] pid=$
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=136840 195.111.111.2:34720 TCPv4_SERVER READ [22] from [AF_INET]195.111.111.2:34720: P_ACK_V1 kid=0 [ 0 ]
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=183931 195.111.111.2:34720 TCPv4_SERVER READ [116] from [AF_INET]195.111.111.2:34720: P_CONTROL_V1 kid=0 [ ] pid=1 DATA len=102
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=184699 195.111.111.2:34720 TCPv4_SERVER WRITE [1196] to [AF_INET]195.111.111.2:34720: P_CONTROL_V1 kid=0 [ 1 ] pid=1 DATA len=1170
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=184741 195.111.111.2:34720 TCPv4_SERVER WRITE [1078] to [AF_INET]195.111.111.2:34720: P_CONTROL_V1 kid=0 [ ] pid=2 DATA len=1064
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=190449 195.111.111.2:34720 TCPv4_SERVER READ [22] from [AF_INET]195.111.111.2:34720: P_ACK_V1 kid=0 [ 1 ]
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=235548 195.111.111.2:34720 TCPv4_SERVER READ [22] from [AF_INET]195.111.111.2:34720: P_ACK_V1 kid=0 [ 2 ]
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=841342 195.111.111.2:34720 TCPv4_SERVER READ [1282] from [AF_INET]195.111.111.2:34720: P_CONTROL_V1 kid=0 [ ] pid=2 DATA len=1268
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=841519 195.111.111.2:34720 VERIFY OK: depth=1, CN=Easy-RSA CA
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=841600 195.111.111.2:34720 VERIFY OK: depth=0, CN=mikrotik
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=841809 195.111.111.2:34720 TCPv4_SERVER WRITE [77] to [AF_INET]195.111.111.2:34720: P_CONTROL_V1 kid=0 [ 2 ] pid=3 DATA len=51
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=846294 195.111.111.2:34720 TCPv4_SERVER READ [22] from [AF_INET]195.111.111.2:34720: P_ACK_V1 kid=0 [ 3 ]
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=891974 195.111.111.2:34720 TCPv4_SERVER READ [303] from [AF_INET]195.111.111.2:34720: P_CONTROL_V1 kid=0 [ ] pid=3 DATA len=289
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=892064 195.111.111.2:34720 TCPv4_SERVER WRITE [259] to [AF_INET]195.111.111.2:34720: P_CONTROL_V1 kid=0 [ 3 ] pid=4 DATA len=233
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=896730 195.111.111.2:34720 TCPv4_SERVER READ [22] from [AF_INET]195.111.111.2:34720: P_ACK_V1 kid=0 [ 4 ]
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=896755 195.111.111.2:34720 Control Channel: TLSv1.2, cipher TLSv1.2 ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384, 2048 bit RSA
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=896771 195.111.111.2:34720 [mikrotik] Peer Connection Initiated with [AF_INET]195.111.111.2:34720
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=896788 mikrotik/195.111.111.2:34720 MULTI_sva: pool returned IPv4=10.101.0.2, IPv6=(Not enabled)
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=896826 mikrotik/195.111.111.2:34720 OPTIONS IMPORT: reading client specific options from: ccd-tcp/mikrotik
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=896884 mikrotik/195.111.111.2:34720 MULTI: Learn: 10.101.0.2 -> mikrotik/195.111.111.2:34720
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=896894 mikrotik/195.111.111.2:34720 MULTI: primary virtual IP for mikrotik/195.111.111.2:34720: 10.101.0.2
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=896902 mikrotik/195.111.111.2:34720 MULTI: internal route 192.168.47.0/24 -> mikrotik/195.111.111.2:34720
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=896911 mikrotik/195.111.111.2:34720 MULTI: Learn: 192.168.47.0/24 -> mikrotik/195.111.111.2:34720
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=896967 mikrotik/195.111.111.2:34720 Outgoing Data Channel: Cipher 'AES-256-CBC' initialized with 256 bit key
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=896978 mikrotik/195.111.111.2:34720 Outgoing Data Channel: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=896987 mikrotik/195.111.111.2:34720 Incoming Data Channel: Cipher 'AES-256-CBC' initialized with 256 bit key
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=896995 mikrotik/195.111.111.2:34720 Incoming Data Channel: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=943781 mikrotik/195.111.111.2:34720 TCPv4_SERVER READ [56] from [AF_INET]195.111.111.2:34720: P_CONTROL_V1 kid=0 [ ] pid=4 DATA len$
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=943836 mikrotik/195.111.111.2:34720 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REQUEST'
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=943858 mikrotik/195.111.111.2:34720 SENT CONTROL [mikrotik]: 'PUSH_REPLY,route-gateway 10.101.0.1,topology subnet,ping 10,ping-resta$
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=943876 mikrotik/195.111.111.2:34720 TCPv4_SERVER WRITE [22] to [AF_INET]195.111.111.2:34720: P_ACK_V1 kid=0 [ 4 ]
2020-11-17 01:53:40 us=943918 mikrotik/195.111.111.2:34720 TCPv4_SERVER WRITE [156] to [AF_INET]195.111.111.2:34720: P_CONTROL_V1 kid=0 [ ] pid=5 DATA len$
2020-11-17 01:53:41 us=251 mikrotik/195.111.111.2:34720 TCPv4_SERVER READ [22] from [AF_INET]195.111.111.2:34720: P_ACK_V1 kid=0 [ 5 ]
2020-11-17 01:53:41 us=76161 mikrotik/195.111.111.2:34720 Connection reset, restarting [0]
2020-11-17 01:53:41 us=76196 mikrotik/195.111.111.2:34720 SIGUSR1[soft,connection-reset] received, client-instance restarting
2020-11-17 01:53:41 us=76272 TCP/UDP: Closing socket
提前致谢！
答案1
我简单地解决了这个问题。但是花了我两天时间。
只需删除服务器的 OpenVPN 配置文件中的此行：
topology subnet