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SSLVerifyClient 不适用于新版 openssl 和/或新版 apache (debian 10)

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SSLVerifyClient 不适用于新版 openssl 和/或新版 apache (debian 10)

SSLVerifyClient 选项的工作方式是向用户请求证书，但浏览器会显示错误并且服务器不会将请求传递给 ProxyPass 服务器。

以下配置代码（SSLVerifyClient 选项）在 debian 8 - apache 2.4.10+openssl 1.0.1t（2016 年 5 月）上可以正常工作

以下配置代码（SSLVerifyClient 选项）在 debian 9 - apache 2.4.25+openssl 1.1.0l 上可以正常工作（2019 年 9 月 10 日）

以下配置代码（SSLVerifyClient 选项）不适用于 debian 10 - apache 2.4.38+openssl 1.1.1d（2019 年 9 月 10 日）

  SSLCertificateFile ....crt
  SSLCertificateKeyFile ...key
  SSLCACertificateFile ../root_...crt
  SSLCARevocationFile ..crl.pem

  ProxyPass / balancer://...
  ProxyPassReverse / balancer://...
..
  <Location /test>
    SSLVerifyClient optional
    SSLOptions +StdEnvVars +ExportCertData
    ..
    RequestHeader set X-SSL-CLIENT-S-DN-O "%{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_O}s"

apache 2.4.38+openssl 1.1.1d 和 apache 2.4.25+openssl 1.1.0l 中间的某个地方出现了问题，为什么会发生这种情况？

Apache 日志：

firefox 43.0.2
An error occurred during a connection to test.mytesthost. SSL peer cannot verify your certificate. (Error code: ssl_error_bad_cert_alert) 
apache log level set to debug 

==> /var/log/apache2/test.mytesthost.error.log <==
[Mon Dec 28 05:05:22.392282 2020] [ssl:info] [pid 2001:tid 140129775593216] [client 127.0.0.1:57716] AH01964: Connection to child 16 established (server test.mytesthost:443)
[Mon Dec 28 05:05:22.392535 2020] [ssl:debug] [pid 2001:tid 140129775593216] ssl_engine_kernel.c(2319): [client 127.0.0.1:57716] AH02043: SSL virtual host for servername test.mytesthost found
[Mon Dec 28 05:05:22.392567 2020] [ssl:debug] [pid 2001:tid 140129775593216] ssl_engine_kernel.c(2319): [client 127.0.0.1:57716] AH02043: SSL virtual host for servername test.mytesthost found
[Mon Dec 28 05:05:22.392572 2020] [core:debug] [pid 2001:tid 140129775593216] protocol.c(2314): [client 127.0.0.1:57716] AH03155: select protocol from , choices=h2,spdy/3.1,http/1.1 for server test.mytesthost
[Mon Dec 28 05:05:22.443004 2020] [ssl:debug] [pid 2001:tid 140129775593216] ssl_engine_kernel.c(2235): [client 127.0.0.1:57716] AH02041: Protocol: TLSv1.2, Cipher: ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 (128/128 bits)
[Mon Dec 28 05:05:22.533306 2020] [ssl:debug] [pid 2001:tid 140129775593216] ssl_engine_kernel.c(383): [client 127.0.0.1:57716] AH02034: Initial (No.1) HTTPS request received for child 16 (server test.mytesthost:443)
[Mon Dec 28 05:05:22.533374 2020] [ssl:debug] [pid 2001:tid 140129775593216] ssl_engine_kernel.c(746): [client 127.0.0.1:57716] AH02255: Changed client verification type will force renegotiation
[Mon Dec 28 05:05:22.533379 2020] [ssl:info] [pid 2001:tid 140129775593216] [client 127.0.0.1:57716] AH02221: Requesting connection re-negotiation
[Mon Dec 28 05:05:22.533404 2020] [ssl:debug] [pid 2001:tid 140129775593216] ssl_engine_kernel.c(975): [client 127.0.0.1:57716] AH02260: Performing full renegotiation: complete handshake protocol (client does support secure renegotiation)
[Mon Dec 28 05:05:22.533461 2020] [ssl:debug] [pid 2001:tid 140129775593216] ssl_engine_kernel.c(2235): [client 127.0.0.1:57716] AH02041: Protocol: TLSv1.2, Cipher: ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 (128/128 bits)
[Mon Dec 28 05:05:22.533476 2020] [ssl:info] [pid 2001:tid 140129775593216] [client 127.0.0.1:57716] AH02226: Awaiting re-negotiation handshake
[Mon Dec 28 05:05:22.533604 2020] [ssl:debug] [pid 2001:tid 140129775593216] ssl_engine_kernel.c(2319): [client 127.0.0.1:57716] AH02043: SSL virtual host for servername test.mytesthost found
[Mon Dec 28 05:05:24.962762 2020] [ssl:debug] [pid 2001:tid 140129775593216] ssl_engine_kernel.c(1740): [client 127.0.0.1:57716] AH02275: Certificate Verification, depth 0, CRL checking mode: none (0) [subject: [email protected],CN=Pers id: 433837686,OU=Company Certification Center,O=Company Transfer / issuer: CN=Company Transfer Root CA,O=WM Transfer Ltd,OU=WM Transfer Certification Services / serial: 1A209C2E0000000B042A / notbefore: Jan 16 13:36:07 2020 GMT / notafter: Jan 16 13:46:07 2022 GMT]
[Mon Dec 28 05:05:24.964246 2020] [ssl:info] [pid 2001:tid 140129775593216] [client 127.0.0.1:57716] AH02276: Certificate Verification: Error (68): CA signature digest algorithm too weak [subject: [email protected],CN=Pers id: 433837686,OU=Company Certification Center,O=Company Transfer / issuer: CN=Company Transfer Root CA,O=WM Transfer Ltd,OU=WM Transfer Certification Services / serial: 1A209C2E0000000B042A / notbefore: Jan 16 13:36:07 2020 GMT / notafter: Jan 16 13:46:07 2022 GMT]
[Mon Dec 28 05:05:24.964287 2020] [socache_shmcb:debug] [pid 2001:tid 140129775593216] mod_socache_shmcb.c(557): AH00837: socache_shmcb_remove (0x60 -> subcache 0)
[Mon Dec 28 05:05:24.964299 2020] [socache_shmcb:debug] [pid 2001:tid 140129775593216] mod_socache_shmcb.c(571): AH00839: leaving socache_shmcb_remove successfully
[Mon Dec 28 05:05:24.964344 2020] [ssl:error] [pid 2001:tid 140129775593216] [client 127.0.0.1:57716] AH02261: Re-negotiation handshake failed
[Mon Dec 28 05:05:24.964363 2020] [ssl:error] [pid 2001:tid 140129775593216] SSL Library Error: error:1417C086:SSL routines:tls_process_client_certificate:certificate verify failed
[Mon Dec 28 05:05:24.964402 2020] [ssl:debug] [pid 2001:tid 140129775593216] ssl_engine_io.c(1372): [client 127.0.0.1:57716] AH02007: SSL handshake interrupted by system [Hint: Stop button pressed in browser?!]
[Mon Dec 28 05:05:24.964407 2020] [ssl:info] [pid 2001:tid 140129775593216] [client 127.0.0.1:57716] AH01998: Connection closed to child 16 with abortive shutdown (server test.mytesthost:443)

使用 Firefox 78.6.0esr 输出：禁止您无权访问此资源。原因：无法执行握手后身份验证。

==> /var/log/apache2/test.mytesthost.error.log <==
[Tue Dec 29 03:11:47.553633 2020] [ssl:info] [pid 8218:tid 140339011598080] [client 127.0.0.1:58060] AH01964: Connection to child 65 established (server test.mytesthost:443)
[Tue Dec 29 03:11:47.554092 2020] [ssl:debug] [pid 8218:tid 140339011598080] ssl_engine_kernel.c(2319): [client 127.0.0.1:58060] AH02043: SSL virtual host for servername test.mytesthost found
[Tue Dec 29 03:11:47.554113 2020] [ssl:debug] [pid 8218:tid 140339011598080] ssl_engine_kernel.c(2319): [client 127.0.0.1:58060] AH02043: SSL virtual host for servername test.mytesthost found
[Tue Dec 29 03:11:47.554118 2020] [core:debug] [pid 8218:tid 140339011598080] protocol.c(2314): [client 127.0.0.1:58060] AH03155: select protocol from , choices=h2,http/1.1 for server test.mytesthost
[Tue Dec 29 03:11:47.638499 2020] [ssl:debug] [pid 8218:tid 140339011598080] ssl_engine_kernel.c(2235): [client 127.0.0.1:58060] AH02041: Protocol: TLSv1.3, Cipher: TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits)
[Tue Dec 29 03:11:47.638596 2020] [socache_shmcb:debug] [pid 8218:tid 140339011598080] mod_socache_shmcb.c(495): AH00831: socache_shmcb_store (0x92 -> subcache 18)
[Tue Dec 29 03:11:47.638617 2020] [socache_shmcb:debug] [pid 8218:tid 140339011598080] mod_socache_shmcb.c(849): AH00847: insert happened at idx=0, data=(0:32)
[Tue Dec 29 03:11:47.638621 2020] [socache_shmcb:debug] [pid 8218:tid 140339011598080] mod_socache_shmcb.c(854): AH00848: finished insert, subcache: idx_pos/idx_used=0/1, data_pos/data_used=0/204
[Tue Dec 29 03:11:47.638623 2020] [socache_shmcb:debug] [pid 8218:tid 140339011598080] mod_socache_shmcb.c(516): AH00834: leaving socache_shmcb_store successfully
[Tue Dec 29 03:11:47.638699 2020] [socache_shmcb:debug] [pid 8218:tid 140339011598080] mod_socache_shmcb.c(495): AH00831: socache_shmcb_store (0x2f -> subcache 15)
[Tue Dec 29 03:11:47.638721 2020] [socache_shmcb:debug] [pid 8218:tid 140339011598080] mod_socache_shmcb.c(849): AH00847: insert happened at idx=0, data=(0:32)
[Tue Dec 29 03:11:47.638724 2020] [socache_shmcb:debug] [pid 8218:tid 140339011598080] mod_socache_shmcb.c(854): AH00848: finished insert, subcache: idx_pos/idx_used=0/1, data_pos/data_used=0/203
[Tue Dec 29 03:11:47.638726 2020] [socache_shmcb:debug] [pid 8218:tid 140339011598080] mod_socache_shmcb.c(516): AH00834: leaving socache_shmcb_store successfully
[Tue Dec 29 03:11:47.638824 2020] [ssl:debug] [pid 8218:tid 140339011598080] ssl_engine_kernel.c(383): [client 127.0.0.1:58060] AH02034: Initial (No.1) HTTPS request received for child 65 (server test.mytesthost:443)
[Tue Dec 29 03:11:47.638862 2020] [ssl:error] [pid 8218:tid 140339011598080] [client 127.0.0.1:58060] AH10129: verify client post handshake
[Tue Dec 29 03:11:47.638866 2020] [ssl:error] [pid 8218:tid 140339011598080] [client 127.0.0.1:58060] AH10158: cannot perform post-handshake authentication
[Tue Dec 29 03:11:47.638885 2020] [ssl:error] [pid 8218:tid 140339011598080] SSL Library Error: error:14268117:SSL routines:SSL_verify_client_post_handshake:extension not received
[Tue Dec 29 03:11:52.640565 2020] [ssl:debug] [pid 8218:tid 140338928809728] ssl_engine_io.c(1106): [client 127.0.0.1:58060] AH02001: Connection closed to child 66 with standard shutdown (server test.mytesthost:443)

答案1

正如 Gerald Schneider 所指出的，FF43 的问题在于“CA 签名摘要算法太弱”。但这不是浏览器的问题，这是客户端证书的信任链的问题，它在较旧和较宽松的 Debian 和 OpenSSL 版本中被接受，但不再被接受；请参阅https://wiki.debian.org/ContinuousIntegration/TriagingTips/openssl-1.1.1。 比较https://github.com/symless/synergy-core/issues/6561和https://stackoverflow.com/questions/52218876/how-to-fix-ssl-issue-ssl-ctx-use-certificate-ca-md-too-weak-on-python-zeep（尽管这是针对服务器自己的证书而不是客户端证书）。具体来说，如果我没有看错代码，链中的 CA 证书之一（根证书除外，因为没有检查）的签名使用了比 SHA256（又名 SHA-2）更弱的哈希值，而自 2015 年以来，SHA256 一直是大多数浏览器和 CA/Brower 论坛所要求的最低标准。您需要将服务器配置为接受较低的 @SECLEVEL（这可能会降低与其的所有连接的安全性）或将客户端更改为具有更强的证书链。根据证书和您获取证书的 CA，这可能还需要新的 EE（最终实体 = 客户端）证书，或者可能存在适用于相同 EE 证书的更好的证书链。

FF78.6 的问题有所不同：“SSL_verify_client_post_handshake：未收到扩展”。OpenSSL 1.1.1 支持 TLS 1.3，它改变了客户端身份验证的方式；具体来说，它现在是一个“握手后”操作，而不是“重新协商”（请参阅​​您的第一个日志）。我的 FF78.6 副本确实支持此功能，因此此错误应该表明您的浏览器实例未正确安装客户端证书，或者用户未选择/批准它。

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