我使用以下方法从 18.04 升级到 20.04：
do-release-upgrade
下载完所有软件包后，系统询问我是否要保留现有配置文件的版本。我尝试退出文件，使用了 Ctrl + C，但这导致整个更新过程中止。
重新启动后，我使用 Google 搜索并发现继续的方法是：
dpkg --configure -a
然而，我相信大量的软件包已经完全损坏。我几乎尝试了所有我能找到的方法，包括：
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt autoclean
sudo apt-get install -f
我曾尝试手动安装一些软件包，但每次它都会抱怨某些其他软件包依赖于其他软件包，而这些其他软件包又依赖于另一个软件包。
最大的问题是“apt-get”命令根本无法继续运行，因为每次它都会响应大约 100 个未满足的依赖项。
任何帮助都非常感谢。除了完全格式化并重新安装 Ubuntu 之外，我不知道该怎么办。
这是我使用“dpkg --configure -a”的输出：
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of hplip:
hplip depends on hplip-data (= 3.20.3+dfsg0-2); however:
Version of hplip-data on system is 3.17.10+repack0-5.
hplip depends on libhpmud0 (= 3.20.3+dfsg0-2); however:
Version of libhpmud0:amd64 on system is 3.17.10+repack0-5.
hplip depends on printer-driver-hpcups (= 3.20.3+dfsg0-2); however:
Version of printer-driver-hpcups on system is 3.17.10+repack0-5.
dpkg: error processing package hplip (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of rhythmbox-plugins:
rhythmbox-plugins depends on librhythmbox-core10 (= 3.4.4-1ubuntu2); however:
Version of librhythmbox-core10:amd64 on system is 3.4.2-4ubuntu1.
rhythmbox-plugins depends on rhythmbox (= 3.4.4-1ubuntu2); however:
Version of rhythmbox on system is 3.4.2-4ubuntu1.
rhythmbox-plugins depends on gir1.2-rb-3.0 (= 3.4.4-1ubuntu2); however:
Version of gir1.2-rb-3.0:amd64 on system is 3.4.2-4ubuntu1.
dpkg: error processing package rhythmbox-plugins (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libapt-pkg-perl:
libapt-pkg-perl depends on perl-base (>= 5.30.0-9build1); however:
Version of perl-base on system is 5.26.1-6ubuntu0.5.
libapt-pkg-perl depends on perlapi-5.30.0; however:
Package perlapi-5.30.0 is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package libapt-pkg-perl (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python3-tables-lib:
python3-tables-lib depends on libhdf5-103; however:
Package libhdf5-103 is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package python3-tables-lib (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libicu-le-hb-dev:amd64:
libicu-le-hb-dev:amd64 depends on libicu-le-hb0 (= 1.0.3+git180724-3build2); however:
Version of libicu-le-hb0:amd64 on system is 1.0.3+git161113-4.
dpkg: error processing package libicu-le-hb-dev:amd64 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of gir1.2-gtk-3.0:amd64:
gir1.2-gtk-3.0:amd64 depends on gir1.2-gdkpixbuf-2.0 (>= 2.40.0); however:
Version of gir1.2-gdkpixbuf-2.0:amd64 on system is 2.36.11-2.
gir1.2-gtk-3.0:amd64 depends on gir1.2-pango-1.0 (>= 1.41.0); however:
Version of gir1.2-pango-1.0:amd64 on system is 1.40.14-1ubuntu0.1.
gir1.2-gtk-3.0:amd64 depends on libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.24.7); however:
Version of libgtk-3-0:amd64 on system is 3.22.30-1ubuntu4.
dpkg: error processing package gir1.2-gtk-3.0:amd64 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libglib-object-introspection-perl:
libgirepository-1.0-1:amd64 (1.64.1-1~ubuntu20.04.1) breaks libglib-object-introspection-perl (<< 0.048-2~) and is installed.
Version of libglib-object-introspection-perl to be configured is 0.044-2.
dpkg: error processing package libglib-object-introspection-perl (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python3-brlapi:amd64:
python3-brlapi:amd64 depends on libbrlapi0.7; however:
Package libbrlapi0.7 is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package python3-brlapi:amd64 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of gimp:
gimp depends on libgimp2.0 (>= 2.10.18); however:
Version of libgimp2.0 on system is 2.8.22-1.
gimp depends on gimp-data (>= 2.10.18); however:
Version of gimp-data on system is 2.8.22-1.
gimp depends on libgegl-0.4-0 (>= 0.4.22); however:
Package libgegl-0.4-0 is not installed.
gimp depends on libheif1 (>= 1.4.0); however:
Package libheif1 is not installed.
gimp depends on libilmbase24 (>= 2.3.0); however:
Package libilmbase24 is not installed.
gimp depends on libmypaint-1.5-1 (>= 1.5.0); however:
Package libmypaint-1.5-1 is not installed.
gimp depends on libopenexr24 (>= 2.3.0); however:
Package libopenexr24 is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package gimp (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of gnupg:
gnupg depends on gpgv (>= 2.2.19-3ubuntu2.1); however:
Version of gpgv on system is 2.2.4-1ubuntu1.4.
dpkg: error processing package gnupg (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of gpg-agent:
gpg-agent depends on init-system-helpers (>= 1.52); however:
Version of init-system-helpers on system is 1.51.
dpkg: error processing package gpg-agent (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libhdf5-cpp-103:amd64:
libhdf5-cpp-103:amd64 depends on libhdf5-103; however:
Package libhdf5-103 is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package libhdf5-cpp-103:amd64 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python3-dev:
python3-dev depends on libpython3-dev (= 3.8.2-0ubuntu2); however:
Version of libpython3-dev:amd64 on system is 3.6.7-1~18.04.
python3-dev depends on python3.8-dev (>= 3.8.2-1~); however:
Package python3.8-dev is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package python3-dev (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libhdf5-dev:
libhdf5-dev depends on libhdf5-103 (= 1.10.4+repack-11ubuntu1); however:
Package libhdf5-103 is not installed.
libhdf5-dev depends on libhdf5-cpp-103 (= 1.10.4+repack-11ubuntu1); however:
Package libhdf5-cpp-103:amd64 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package libhdf5-dev (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of aptitude:
aptitude depends on aptitude-common (= 0.8.12-1ubuntu4); however:
Package aptitude-common is not installed.
aptitude depends on libboost-iostreams1.71.0; however:
Package libboost-iostreams1.71.0 is not installed.
aptitude depends on libcwidget4 (>= 0.5.18-1); however:
Package libcwidget4 is not installed.
aptitude depends on libsigc++-2.0-0v5 (>= 2.8.0); however:
Package libsigc++-2.0-0v5 is not installed.
aptitude depends on libxapian30 (>= 1.4.14~); however:
Version of libxapian30:amd64 on system is 1.4.5-1ubuntu0.1.
dpkg: error processing package aptitude (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of gpg-wks-server:
gpg-wks-server depends on gpg-agent (= 2.2.19-3ubuntu2.1); however:
Package gpg-agent is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package gpg-wks-server (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python3-tables:
python3-tables depends on python3-tables-lib (>= 3.6.1-2build1); however:
Package python3-tables-lib is not configured yet.
python3-tables depends on python3-tables-lib (<< 3.6.1-2build1.1~); however:
Package python3-tables-lib is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package python3-tables (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of gpg-wks-client:
gpg-wks-client depends on gpg-agent (= 2.2.19-3ubuntu2.1); however:
Package gpg-agent is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package gpg-wks-client (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libgjs0g:
libgjs0g depends on gir1.2-gtk-3.0 (>= 3.20); however:
Package gir1.2-gtk-3.0:amd64 is not configured yet.
libgirepository-1.0-1:amd64 (1.64.1-1~ubuntu20.04.1) breaks libgjs0g (<< 1.58.1-2~) and is installed.
Version of libgjs0g to be configured is 1.52.5-0ubuntu18.04.1.
dpkg: error processing package libgjs0g (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-gi:
libgirepository-1.0-1:amd64 (1.64.1-1~ubuntu20.04.1) breaks python-gi (<< 3.34.0-4~) and is installed.
Version of python-gi to be configured is 3.26.1-2ubuntu1.
dpkg: error processing package python-gi (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python3-protobuf:
python3-protobuf depends on libprotobuf17; however:
Package libprotobuf17 is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package python3-protobuf (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python3-uno:
python3-uno depends on libreoffice-core (= 1:6.4.7-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) | libreoffice-core-nogui (= 1:6.4.7-0ubuntu0.20.04.1); however:
Version of libreoffice-core on system is 1:6.0.7-0ubuntu0.18.04.10.
Package libreoffice-core-nogui is not installed.
python3-uno depends on libuno-cppu3 (>= 4.4.0~alpha); however:
Package libuno-cppu3 is not installed.
python3-uno depends on libuno-cppuhelpergcc3-3 (>= 5.3.0~alpha); however:
Package libuno-cppuhelpergcc3-3 is not installed.
python3-uno depends on libuno-sal3 (>= 5.4.0~alpha); however:
Package libuno-sal3 is not installed.
python3-uno depends on libuno-salhelpergcc3-3 (>= 3.6.0~beta); however:
Package libuno-salhelpergcc3-3 is not installed.
python3-uno depends on uno-libs-private; however:
Package uno-libs-private is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package python3-uno (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libboost-mpi-python-dev:
libboost-mpi-python-dev depends on libboost-mpi-python1.71-dev; however:
Package libboost-mpi-python1.71-dev is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package libboost-mpi-python-dev (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libwayland-dev:amd64:
libwayland-dev:amd64 depends on libwayland-client0 (= 1.18.0-1); however:
Version of libwayland-client0:amd64 on system is 1.16.0-1ubuntu1.1~18.04.3.
libwayland-dev:amd64 depends on libwayland-egl1 (= 1.18.0-1); however:
Version of libwayland-egl1:amd64 on system is 1.16.0-1ubuntu1.1~18.04.3.
libwayland-dev:amd64 depends on libwayland-bin (= 1.18.0-1); however:
Version of libwayland-bin on system is 1.16.0-1ubuntu1.1~18.04.3.
dpkg: error processing package libwayland-dev:amd64 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of dirmngr:
dirmngr depends on init-system-helpers (>= 1.52); however:
Version of init-system-helpers on system is 1.51.
dpkg: error processing package dirmngr (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libyaml-libyaml-perl:
libyaml-libyaml-perl depends on perl (>= 5.30.0-9); however:
Version of perl on system is 5.26.1-6ubuntu0.5.
libyaml-libyaml-perl depends on perlapi-5.30.0; however:
Package perlapi-5.30.0 is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package libyaml-libyaml-perl (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libharfbuzz-dev:amd64:
libharfbuzz-dev:amd64 depends on libharfbuzz0b (= 2.6.4-1ubuntu4); however:
Version of libharfbuzz0b:amd64 on system is 1.7.2-1ubuntu1.
libharfbuzz-dev:amd64 depends on libharfbuzz-gobject0 (= 2.6.4-1ubuntu4); however:
Version of libharfbuzz-gobject0:amd64 on system is 1.7.2-1ubuntu1.
libharfbuzz-dev:amd64 depends on gir1.2-harfbuzz-0.0 (= 2.6.4-1ubuntu4); however:
Version of gir1.2-harfbuzz-0.0:amd64 on system is 1.7.2-1ubuntu1.
dpkg: error processing package libharfbuzz-dev:amd64 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libsane-hpaio:amd64:
libsane-hpaio:amd64 depends on libhpmud0 (>= 3.20.3+dfsg0); however:
Version of libhpmud0:amd64 on system is 3.17.10+repack0-5.
dpkg: error processing package libsane-hpaio:amd64 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python3-h5py:
python3-h5py depends on libhdf5-openmpi-103 (>= 1.10.3); however:
Package libhdf5-openmpi-103 is not installed.
python3-h5py depends on python3-mpi4py; however:
Package python3-mpi4py is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package python3-h5py (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
hplip
rhythmbox-plugins
libapt-pkg-perl
python3-tables-lib
libicu-le-hb-dev:amd64
gir1.2-gtk-3.0:amd64
libglib-object-introspection-perl
python3-brlapi:amd64
gimp
gnupg
gpg-agent
libhdf5-cpp-103:amd64
python3-dev
libhdf5-dev
aptitude
gpg-wks-server
python3-tables
gpg-wks-client
libgjs0g
python-gi
python3-protobuf
python3-uno
libboost-mpi-python-dev
libwayland-dev:amd64
dirmngr
libyaml-libyaml-perl
libharfbuzz-dev:amd64
libsane-hpaio:amd64
python3-h5py
答案1
我最近修复了 Web 服务器上这些相同 Ubuntu 版本之间失败的“do-release-upgrade”。这需要大量工作（幸运的是，需要付费！）。这里无法一一列举，但基本上涉及卸载和重新安装失败的软件包、删除和重新添加用户帐户等。没有“魔法子弹”命令。就您而言，您似乎正在运行 LibreOffice 等应用程序，这会需要更多工作。
好消息是我最终成功了，但如果有用户数据备份，我并不推荐这样做。通常，备份用户文件、重新安装操作系统，然后恢复应用程序和用户文件会更简单。
我还尝试在虚拟机上运行“do-release-upgrade”作为实验，看看我是否可以通过这种方式升级我自己的 Web 服务器（使用 Virtualmin 作为控制面板）。如果我加载 Ubuntu 18.04 的出厂版本并运行 do-release-upgrade 将其升级到 20.04，然后再加载 Virtualmin 并恢复网站，效果会很好。反过来就一团糟了。
因此，这可能不是您想要的答案，但也许可以为您省去一些心痛。
答案2
我运行了下面的命令并且它对我有用。
sudo apt --fix-broken install