![完全无人值守地预置 Debian 11(摆脱疑问)](https://linux22.com/image/770573/%E5%AE%8C%E5%85%A8%E6%97%A0%E4%BA%BA%E5%80%BC%E5%AE%88%E5%9C%B0%E9%A2%84%E7%BD%AE%20Debian%2011%EF%BC%88%E6%91%86%E8%84%B1%E7%96%91%E9%97%AE%EF%BC%89.png)
我正在尝试完全自动化地预置 debian 11 netinstall。我阅读了这里的许多文档:
这是我的启动行(来自 grub.cfg)
set default="autoinstall"
set timeout=3
menuentry "Debian 11 Fully Automated UEFI LVM LUKS BTRFS Remote Decrypt DEBUG TTY4" --id autoinstall {
set background_color=black
linux /debian-installer/amd64/linux auto=true url=tftp://192.168.1.100/preseed/debseed11_crypt.cfg net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 ipv6.disable=1 language=en locale=en_US.UTF-8 keymap=fr vga=788 noprompt DEBCONF_DEBUG=5 --- quiet
initrd /debian-installer/amd64/initrd.gz
}
这是我的预置文件:
#### Preseed preconfiguration file (for Debian buster)
### Partman early command
### Kernal parameter
#d-i debian-installer/add-kernel-opts string net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 hostname=unassigned-hostname domain=unassigned-domain
#d-i debconf/priority critical
#d-i debian-installer/add-kernel-opts string net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 console=ttyS0,19200n8
### Localization
d-i debian-installer/locale string en_US
d-i debian-installer/language string en
d-i debian-installer/country string US
#d-i debian-installer/locale string en_US.UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
d-i localechooser/supported-locales multiselect en_US.UTF-8, fr_FR.UTF-8
### Keyboard selection
d-i keyboard-configuration/xkb-keymap select fr
### Network configuration
# Netcfg choisira une interface connectée si possible. Cela empêchera
# # d'afficher une liste s'il y a plusieurs interfaces.
d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto
#d-i netcfg/choose_interface select eth0
d-i netcfg/use_dhcp string true
d-i netcfg/link_wait_timeout string 10
d-i netcfg/dhcp_timeout string 60
#d-i netcfg/disable_autoconfig boolean true
d-i netcfg/dhcp_failed note
#d-i netcfg/dhcp_options select auto
#Configure network manually
# IPv4 Static network configuration
#d-i netcfg/get_ipaddress string 192.168.1.120
#d-i netcfg/get_netmask string 255.255.255.0
#d-i netcfg/get_gateway string 192.168.1.1
#d-i netcfg/get_nameservers string 192.168.1.1
#d-i netcfg/confirm_static boolean true
# Set a hostname
#d-i netcfg/get_hostname string zhurong
#d-i netcfg/get_domain string planet.mars
# Force a hostname
#d-i netcfg/hostname string zhurong.planet.mars
# Disable that annoying WEP key dialog
d-i netcfg/wireless_wep string
d-i netcfg/get_hostname unassigned-hostname
d-i netcfg/get_domain unassigned-domain
d-i netcfg/get_hostname seen true
d-i netcfg/get_domain seen true
### Mirror settings
d-i mirror/country string manual
d-i mirror/http/hostname string httpredir.debian.org
d-i mirror/http/directory string /debian
d-i mirror/http/proxy string
### Account setup
# Skip creation of a normal user account
d-i passwd/make-user boolean false
# Set root password
# or encrypted using a crypt(3) hash.
d-i passwd/root-password-crypted password $6$47Cx5oMpkh66eYNI$LV76xupgkvZ3rHJCq1NgXKzp3bBDv6g0FmMiSvmUp1jqaIkTEz5F6eA.SRhBzyPReVQEnzZWwFWSdKGBBn.tE1
### Clock and time zone setup
# Set hardware clock to UTC
d-i clock-setup/utc boolean true
# Set timezone
d-i time/zone string Europe/Paris
# Use NTP clock during installation
d-i clock-setup/ntp boolean true
### Partitioning
# LVM LUKS method
# Inhibit partman to fill the disk with random data
d-i partman-auto-crypto/erase_disks boolean false
#d-i partman/early_command \
# string dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=512 count=1
d-i partman-auto/method string crypto
d-i partman-lvm/device_remove_lvm boolean true
d-i partman-md/device_remove_md boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/confirm boolean true
d-i partman-auto-lvm/guided_size string max
d-i partman-auto-lvm/new_vg_name string debian
d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/vda
d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select boot-crypto
d-i partman-crypto/passphrase password aaabbbccc
d-i partman-crypto/passphrase-again password aaabbbccc
d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string \
boot-crypto :: \
1024 1024 1024 ext4 \
$primary{ } $bootable{ } \
method{ format } format{ } \
use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext4 } \
mountpoint{ /boot } \
. \
8192 8192 8192 linux-swap \
$lvmok{ } lv_name{ swap } \
in_vg { debian } \
method{ swap } format{ } \
. \
80896 80896 1000000 btrfs \
$lvmok{ } lv_name{ root } \
in_vg { debian } \
method{ format } format{ } \
use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ btrfs } \
mountpoint{ / } \
. \
#d-i partman-basicfilesystems/no_mount_point boolean false
d-i partman-partitioning/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
d-i partman/choose_partition select finish
d-i partman/confirm boolean true
d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
d-i partman-md/confirm boolean true
d-i partman-partitioning/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
d-i partman/choose_partition select finish
d-i partman/confirm boolean true
d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
### Apt setup
d-i apt-setup/cdrom/set-first boolean false
d-i apt-setup/cdrom/set-next boolean false
d-i apt-setup/cdrom/set-failed boolean false
d-i apt-setup/services-select multiselect security, updates
d-i apt-setup/security_host string security.debian.org
### Package selection
tasksel tasksel/first multiselect standard
# Individual additional packages to install
d-i pkgsel/include string openssh-server vim tmux tcpdump dropbear-initramfs cryptsetup-initramfs python3.9
d-i pkgsel/upgrade select full-upgrade
d-i pkgsel/update-policy select none
d-i pkgsel/updatedb boolean true
popularity-contest popularity-contest/participate boolean false
### GRUB STUFF
d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true
d-i grub-installer/bootdev string default
# Note: options passed to the installer will be added automatically.
#d-i debian-installer/add-kernel-opts string nousb
# Optional password for grub, either in clear text
# #d-i grub-installer/password password r00tme
# #d-i grub-installer/password-again password r00tme
# # or encrypted using an MD5 hash, see grub-md5-crypt(8).
# #d-i grub-installer/password-crypted password [MD5 hash]
#
# # Use the following option to add additional boot parameters for the
# # installed system (if supported by the bootloader installer).
# # Note: options passed to the installer will be added automatically.
# #d-i debian-installer/add-kernel-opts string nousb
#
# ### Finishing up the installation
# # Avoid that last message about the install being complete.
d-i finish-install/reboot_in_progress note
d-i preseed/late_command string \
mkdir -p -m 700 /target/root/.ssh; \
echo "ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIJEe3gF//znGIzq30frI6O9qDn5eM6uqEZZlx7mR5SiS" > /target/root/.ssh/authorized_keys; \
in-target chown --recursive root:root /root/.ssh; \
in-target chmod 0644 /root/.ssh/authorized_keys; \
in-target update-alternatives --set editor /usr/bin/vim.basic; \
in-target passwd --expire root; \
in-target echo 'ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIJEe3gF//znGIzq30frI6O9qDn5eM6uqEZZlx7mR5SiS' > /etc/dropbear-initramfs/authorized_keys; \
in-target sed -i '/*PasswordAuthentication*/c\PasswordAuthentication no' /etc/ssh/sshd_config; \
in-target sed -i '/*PasswordAuthentication*/c\PasswordAuthentication no' /etc/ssh/sshd_config; \
in-target systemctl enable --now sshd; \
in-target sed -i '/*DROPBEAR_OPTIONS=*/c\DROPBEAR_OPTIONS="-I 300 -j -k -p 22 -s -c /bin/cryptroot-unlock "' /etc/dropbear-initramfs/config; \
in-target sed -i '/*IP=*/c\IP="dhcp"' /etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf; \
in-target update-initramfs -u;
#
目前,debien 安装程序要求我提供以下信息:
- 主机名
- 域名
我只是想摆脱这些问题。以下是我尝试过的:
- 我尝试在 pxe 服务器上的命令行内核选项中使用 priority=critical。
- 我配置了我的 dhcpd 服务器来管理这个特定主机的主机名域名。
host curiosity {
hardware ethernet 12:34:45:12:34:56;
fixed-address 192.168.1.90;
option host-name "curiosity";
option domain-name "planet.mars";
}
我知道我可以设置主机名/域变量并且一切都会好起来,但我想制作一个非常通用的预播以便在多台服务器上部署。
如能得到一些帮助或线索我将非常感激。
提前谢谢您。
编辑:已解决:
顺便说一下,第一个预种子并不完美。如果有人感兴趣,这里有一个更好的。
它通过 ssh DEBUG TTY4 实现全自动 Debian 11 UEFI LUKS BTRFS 远程解密
#### Preseed preconfiguration file (for Debian bullseye)
# Debian 11 Fully Automated UEFI LVM LUKS BTRFS Remote Decrypt via ssh DEBUG # TTY4
### Partman early command
### Kernel parameter
#d-i debian-installer/add-kernel-opts string net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 hostname=unassigned-hostname domain=unassigned-domain
#d-i debconf/priority critical
#d-i debian-installer/add-kernel-opts string net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 console=ttyS0,19200n8
### Localization
d-i debian-installer/locale string en_US
d-i debian-installer/language string en
d-i debian-installer/country string US
#d-i debian-installer/locale string en_US.UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
d-i localechooser/supported-locales multiselect en_US.UTF-8, fr_FR.UTF-8
### Keyboard selection
d-i keyboard-configuration/xkb-keymap select fr
### Network configuration
# Netcfg choisira une interface connectée si possible. Cela empêchera
# # d'afficher une liste s'il y a plusieurs interfaces.
d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto
#d-i netcfg/choose_interface select eth0
d-i netcfg/use_dhcp string true
d-i netcfg/link_wait_timeout string 10
d-i netcfg/dhcp_timeout string 60
#d-i netcfg/disable_autoconfig boolean true
d-i netcfg/dhcp_failed note
#d-i netcfg/dhcp_options select auto
#Configure network manually
# IPv4 Static network configuration
#d-i netcfg/get_ipaddress string 192.168.1.120
#d-i netcfg/get_netmask string 255.255.255.0
#d-i netcfg/get_gateway string 192.168.1.1
#d-i netcfg/get_nameservers string 192.168.1.1
#d-i netcfg/confirm_static boolean true
# Set a hostname
#d-i netcfg/get_hostname string zhurong
#d-i netcfg/get_domain string planet.mars
# Force a hostname
#d-i netcfg/hostname string zhurong.planet.mars
# Disable that annoying WEP key dialog
d-i netcfg/wireless_wep string
#d-i netcfg/get_hostname=install
d-i netcfg/get_hostname unassigned-hostname
d-i netcfg/get_domain unassigned-domain
d-i netcfg/get_hostname seen true
d-i netcfg/get_domain seen true
### Mirror settings
d-i mirror/country string manual
d-i mirror/http/hostname string httpredir.debian.org
d-i mirror/http/directory string /debian
d-i mirror/http/proxy string
### Account setup
# Skip creation of a normal user account
d-i passwd/make-user boolean false
# Set root password
# or encrypted using a crypt(3) hash.
d-i passwd/root-password-crypted password $6$47Cx5oMpkh999YNI$XG76xupgkvZ3rHJCq1NgXKzp3bBfIuj0FmMiSvmUp1jqaIkTEz5F6eA.SRhBzyPReVQEnzZWwFWSdYGCBn.tE1
### Clock and time zone setup
# Set hardware clock to UTC
d-i clock-setup/utc boolean true
# Set timezone
d-i time/zone string Europe/Paris
# Use NTP clock during installation
d-i clock-setup/ntp boolean true
### Partitioning
# LVM LUKS method
# Inhibit partman to fill the disk with random data
d-i partman-auto-crypto/erase_disks boolean false
#d-i partman/early_command \
# string dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=512 count=1
# Force UEFI booting ('BIOS compatibility' will be lost). Default: false.
d-i partman-efi/non_efi_system boolean false
# Ensure the partition table is GPT - this is required for EFI
d-i partman-partitioning/choose_label string gpt
d-i partman-partitioning/default_label string gpt
d-i partman-auto/method string crypto
d-i partman-lvm/device_remove_lvm boolean true
d-i partman-md/device_remove_md boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/confirm boolean true
d-i partman-auto-lvm/guided_size string max
d-i partman-auto-lvm/new_vg_name string debian
d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/sda
d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select boot-crypto
d-i partman-crypto/passphrase password aabbcc
d-i partman-crypto/passphrase-again password aabbcc
d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string \
boot-crypto :: \
512 50 512 fat32 \
$primary{ } $bootable{ } \
method{ efi } format{ } \
mountpoint{ /boot/efi } \
. \
1024 1024 1024 ext4 \
$primary{ } $bootable{ } \
method{ format } format{ } \
use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext4 } \
mountpoint{ /boot } \
. \
8192 8192 8192 linux-swap \
$lvmok{ } lv_name{ swap } \
in_vg { debian } \
method{ swap } format{ } \
. \
80896 80896 1000000 btrfs \
$lvmok{ } lv_name{ root } \
in_vg { debian } \
method{ format } format{ } \
use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ btrfs } \
mountpoint{ / } \
. \
#d-i partman-basicfilesystems/no_mount_point boolean false
d-i partman-partitioning/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
d-i partman/choose_partition select finish
d-i partman/confirm boolean true
d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
d-i partman-md/confirm boolean true
d-i partman-partitioning/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
d-i partman/choose_partition select finish
d-i partman/confirm boolean true
d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
### Apt setup
d-i apt-setup/cdrom/set-first boolean false
d-i apt-setup/cdrom/set-next boolean false
d-i apt-setup/cdrom/set-failed boolean false
d-i apt-setup/services-select multiselect security, updates
d-i apt-setup/security_host string security.debian.org
### Package selection
tasksel tasksel/first multiselect standard
# Individual additional packages to install
d-i pkgsel/include string openssh-server vim tmux tcpdump dropbear-initramfs cryptsetup-initramfs python3.9
d-i pkgsel/upgrade select full-upgrade
d-i pkgsel/update-policy select none
d-i pkgsel/updatedb boolean true
popularity-contest popularity-contest/participate boolean false
### GRUB STUFF
d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true
d-i grub-installer/bootdev string default
# Note: options passed to the installer will be added automatically.
#d-i debian-installer/add-kernel-opts string nousb
# Optional password for grub, either in clear text
# #d-i grub-installer/password password r00tme
# #d-i grub-installer/password-again password r00tme
# # or encrypted using an MD5 hash, see grub-md5-crypt(8).
# #d-i grub-installer/password-crypted password [MD5 hash]
#
# # Use the following option to add additional boot parameters for the
# # installed system (if supported by the bootloader installer).
# # Note: options passed to the installer will be added automatically.
# #d-i debian-installer/add-kernel-opts string nousb
#
# ### Finishing up the installation
# # Avoid that last message about the install being complete.
d-i finish-install/reboot_in_progress note
d-i preseed/late_command string \
mkdir -p -m 700 /target/root/.ssh; \
echo "ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIJEe3gF//znGIzq30frI6O9qDn5eM6uqEZZlx7mR5SiS" > /target/root/.ssh/authorized_keys; \
in-target chown --recursive root:root /root/.ssh; \
in-target chmod 0644 /root/.ssh/authorized_keys; \
in-target update-alternatives --set editor /usr/bin/vim.basic; \
d-i preseed/late_command string \
mkdir -p -m 700 /target/root/.ssh; \
echo "ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIJEe3gF//znGIzq30frI6O9qDn5eM6uqEZZlx7mR5SiS" > /target/root/.ssh/authorized_keys; \
in-target chown --recursive root:root /root/.ssh; \
in-target chmod 0644 /root/.ssh/authorized_keys; \
in-target update-alternatives --set editor /usr/bin/vim.basic; \
echo 'ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIJEe3gF//znGIzq30frI6O9qDn5eM6uqEZZlx7mR5SiS' > /target/etc/dropbear-initramfs/authorized_keys; \
echo 'PasswordAuthentication no' >> /target/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/setup; \
echo 'PermitRootLogin prohibit-password' >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/setup; \
echo 'auto eno1' >> /target/etc/network/interfaces; \
sed -i 's/eth0/eno1/g' /target/etc/network/interfaces; \
in-target systemctl enable --now sshd; \
echo 'DROPBEAR_OPTIONS="-I 300 -j -k -p 22 -s -c /bin/cryptroot-unlock"' >> /target/etc/dropbear-initramfs/config; \
echo 'IP="dhcp"' >> /target/etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf; \
in-target update-initramfs -u;
# in-target passwd --expire root; \
解决 !
答案1
我找到了一种方法来做到这一点!感谢这篇关于相反问题的帖子
我刚刚在 grub.cfg 的启动行中添加了两个参数
netcfg/get_hostname=install netcfg/get_domain=install
现在它已完全自动化,无需回答任何问题。