这有是重复的,但我已经搜索了很长时间,并没有发现任何东西。
当我使用http,我得到了NginX 默认页面(https 可以正常工作):
http://svija.love
NginX 配置文件末尾包含:
server {
if ($host = svija.love) {
return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
} # managed by Certbot
server_name svija.love;
listen 80;
return 404; # managed by Certbot
}
这是由 Certbot 自动添加。
我希望声明如果 ($host = svija.love)将捕获 http 请求并重定向到 HTTPS。
但事实并非如此。
我不是专家,但我认为第二部分,以服务器名称 svija.love,与第一部分直接矛盾:
- 如果主机是 svija.love,则第一个块会重定向
- 如果主机是 svija.love,则第二个块返回 404
实际配置的服务器名称是live.svija.love,如果这有区别的话。
如能提供任何澄清,我们将不胜感激。
[更新]我删除了 NginX 默认配置文件,HTTP 现在按预期重定向到 HTTPS。
不过,如果有人可以解释上述两个配置块,我会很高兴更好地理解它们的作用。
[更新]这不是一个好的解决方案(见下文)。
[更新这是给出的配置nginx -T:
# configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf:
user www-data;
worker_processes auto;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 768;
# multi_accept on;
}
http {
##
# Basic Settings
##
sendfile off;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
# server_tokens off;
# server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
# server_name_in_redirect off;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
##
# SSL Settings
##
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3; # Dropping SSLv3, ref: POODLE
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
##
# Logging Settings
##
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
##
# Gzip Settings
##
gzip on;
# gzip_vary on;
# gzip_proxied any;
# gzip_comp_level 6;
# gzip_buffers 16 8k;
# gzip_http_version 1.1;
# gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
##
# Virtual Host Configs
##
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}
# configuration file /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/50-mod-http-image-filter.conf:
load_module modules/ngx_http_image_filter_module.so;
# configuration file /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/50-mod-http-xslt-filter.conf:
load_module modules/ngx_http_xslt_filter_module.so;
# configuration file /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/50-mod-mail.conf:
load_module modules/ngx_mail_module.so;
# configuration file /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/50-mod-stream.conf:
load_module modules/ngx_stream_module.so;
# configuration file /etc/nginx/mime.types:
server {
# must match domain name or IP address
# or else the default Nginx page will be shown
server_name antretoise.svija.site;
# directory of site's static elements
location /static/ {
root /home/antretoise;
}
access_log /opt/logs/access.antretoise;
error_log /opt/logs/error.antretoise error;
# pass all additional queries to our application
location / {
# parameters from /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params
include uwsgi_params;
# pass the traffic to the socket
# that the uWSGI server sets up
# SOCKETS MUST MATCH IN:
# /etc/uwsgi/sites/antretoise.ini
uwsgi_pass unix:/run/uwsgi/antretoise.sock;
}
listen 443 ssl; # managed by Certbot
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/antretoise.svija.site/fullchain.pem; # managed by Certbot
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/antretoise.svija.site/privkey.pem; # managed by Certbot
include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-nginx.conf; # managed by Certbot
ssl_dhparam /etc/letsencrypt/ssl-dhparams.pem; # managed by Certbot
}
server {
if ($host = antretoise.svija.site) {
return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
} # managed by Certbot
listen 80;
server_name antretoise.svija.site;
return 404; # managed by Certbot
}
# configuration file /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params:
uwsgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
uwsgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
uwsgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
uwsgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
uwsgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
uwsgi_param PATH_INFO $document_uri;
uwsgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
uwsgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
uwsgi_param REQUEST_SCHEME $scheme;
uwsgi_param HTTPS $https if_not_empty;
uwsgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
uwsgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
uwsgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
uwsgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
ssl_session_cache shared:le_nginx_SSL:10m;
ssl_session_timeout 1440m;
ssl_session_tickets off;
ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers off;
ssl_ciphers "EC-AES128-SHA";
#———————————————————————————————————————— default
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
root /var/www/html;
# Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP
index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;
server_name _;
location / {
# First attempt to serve request as file, then
# as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}
}
#———————————————————————————————————————— svija.love
server {
server_name svija.love;
# directory of site's static elements
location /static/ {
root /home/svijalove;
}
access_log /opt/logs/access.svijalove;
error_log /opt/logs/error.svijalove error;
# pass all additional queries to our application
location / {
# parameters from /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params
include uwsgi_params;
# pass the traffic to the socket
# that the uWSGI server sets up
# SOCKETS MUST MATCH IN:
# /etc/uwsgi/sites/svijalove.ini
uwsgi_pass unix:/run/uwsgi/svijalove.sock;
}
listen 443 ssl; # managed by Certbot
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/svija.love/fullchain.pem; # managed by Certbot
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/svija.love/privkey.pem; # managed by Certbot
include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-nginx.conf; # managed by Certbot
ssl_dhparam /etc/letsencrypt/ssl-dhparams.pem; # managed by Certbot
}
server {
if ($host = svija.love) {
return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
} # managed by Certbot
server_name svija.love;
listen 80;
return 404; # managed by Certbot
}
# 6 other sites at end, all configured the same way
# except that in the last two lines,
# listen 80; is sometimes listed BEFORE return 404;
答案1
Host
如果请求中的标头没有匹配的虚拟主机,则 nginx 将提供默认虚拟主机内容。
就您而言,您的虚拟主机Host
与匹配svija.love
。但是,您似乎正在使用 进行测试live.svija.love
。
由于 nginx 找不到匹配的虚拟主机,因此它使用默认虚拟主机。
删除默认虚拟主机配置后,nginx 将使用您的虚拟主机作为默认虚拟主机。这不是一个好的做法。任何人都可以为指向您网站的域设置 DNS 记录。最终结果是将http://example.com
显示 的内容http://live.svija.love
。
这可能会导致 Google 因重复内容而受到惩罚。
为了防止这种情况,您应该恢复默认虚拟主机,并调整当前配置以获得正确的配置server_name
。
答案2
我虽然没有真正理解这个问题,但却解决了它。
我的服务器上有 7 个网站,其中 6 个运行正常(http 按预期重定向到 https。)
所有七个站点的 NginX 配置文件末尾都包含一个类似于以下内容的块:
server {
# redirects traffic from http to https for each relevant domain
if ($host = svija.love) {
return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
} # managed by Certbot
# ensures that any caught requests are not inadvertently redirected
listen 80;
server_name svija.love;
return 404; # managed by Certbot
}
实际服务器主机是live.svija.love,但有问题的网站只是svija.love(没有为 live.svija.love 配置网站)。
很明显,问题是由于以下行没有被正确评估而引起的:
if ($host = svija.love) {
顺便说一句,服务器(live.svija.love)没有 IPv6 配置,但网站(svija.love)有一个 IPv6 配置,而这本不应该存在。
我为服务器添加了 IPv6 记录,并为网站删除了它。
这对问题没有影响。
然后我想也许$主机变量设置为live.svija.love(谁知道为什么),所以我尝试了一个测试,我改变了
if ($host = svija.love) {
到
if ($host = live.svija.love) {
正如预期的那样,NginX 默认页面被 404 错误取代(参见上面的配置块)。
因此,我放回去
if ($host = live.svija.love) {
现在一切都正常了。对 svija.love 的 HTTP 请求被重定向到https://svija.love我的问题解决了。
我认为 NginX 中的某种 DNS 缓存机制出现故障,可能是因为我过去某个时间点更改了服务器的名称。