我已经设置了一个具有拓扑子网的 openVPN 服务器。它包含一组用于路由区域 10.0.XX 中的客户端的子网。在服务器网络中有一个客户端（不在 VPN 中），它运行 VPN 用户需要访问的服务。
因此，我尝试让不同的用户组访问 Web 服务。OpenVpn 和 Web 服务都在 Docker 实例中运行
任何帮助或建议都非常感谢，因为我已经与此斗争了两周了
采取的步骤： 我设置了 openvpn conf 和路由以及客户端到客户端
server 192.168.255.0 255.255.255.0
verb 3
key /etc/openvpn/pki/private/xxxx.key
ca /etc/openvpn/pki/ca.crt
cert /etc/openvpn/pki/issued/xxxx.crt
dh /etc/openvpn/pki/dh.pem
tls-auth /etc/openvpn/pki/ta.key
key-direction 0
keepalive 10 60
persist-key
persist-tun
proto udp
# Rely on Docker to do port mapping, internally always 1194
port 1194
dev tun
status /tmp/openvpn-status.log
topology subnet
client-config-dir ccd
user nobody
group nogroup
comp-lzo no
client-to-client
### Route Configurations Below
route 192.168.254.0 255.255.255.0
route 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0
route 10.0.1.0 255.255.255.0
route 10.0.3.0 255.255.255.0
route 10.0.4.0 255.255.255.0
route 10.0.5.0 255.255.255.0
### Push Configurations Below
#push "block-outside-dns"
push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8"
push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.4.4"
push "comp-lzo no"
push "route 172.17.0.0 255.255.255.0"
我通过
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
/etc/sysctl.conf 中的设置配置了转发
我配置了 iptable 规则
-P INPUT ACCEPT
-P FORWARD ACCEPT
-P OUTPUT ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -s 192.168.255.0/24 -d 172.17.0.0/24 -i tun0 -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -s 192.168.255.0/24 -d 10.0.0.0/24 -i tun0 -j ACCEPT
但从服务器范围内的 IP（192.168.255.2）无法 ping 或访问任何内容（172.17.0.4 或 10.0.0.1）
跟踪路由在网关处结束
% traceroute 10.0.0.1
traceroute to 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1), 64 hops max, 52 byte packets
1 192.168.88.1 (192.168.88.1) 12.279 ms 3.251 ms 1.882 ms
2 *
这也是我的客户的日志
2022-04-30 06:24:38.983758 *Tunnelblick: macOS 12.3.1 (21E258); Tunnelblick 3.8.5beta05 (build 5650)
2022-04-30 06:24:39.446714 *Tunnelblick: Attempting connection with greenhive_master using shadow copy; Set nameserver = 769; monitoring connection
2022-04-30 06:24:39.450786 *Tunnelblick: openvpnstart start greenhive_master.tblk 52399 769 0 1 0 34652464 -ptADGNWradsgnw 2.4.10-openssl-1.1.1j
2022-04-30 06:24:39.477788 *Tunnelblick: openvpnstart starting OpenVPN
2022-04-30 06:24:39.857743 OpenVPN 2.4.10 x86_64-apple-darwin [SSL (OpenSSL)] [LZO] [LZ4] [PKCS11] [MH/RECVDA] [AEAD] built on Feb 25 2021
2022-04-30 06:24:39.857947 library versions: OpenSSL 1.1.1j 16 Feb 2021, LZO 2.10
2022-04-30 06:24:39.859534 MANAGEMENT: TCP Socket listening on [AF_INET]127.0.0.1:52399
2022-04-30 06:24:39.859562 Need hold release from management interface, waiting...
2022-04-30 06:24:40.078894 *Tunnelblick: openvpnstart log:
OpenVPN started successfully.
Command used to start OpenVPN (one argument per displayed line):
/Applications/Tunnelblick.app/Contents/Resources/openvpn/openvpn-2.4.10-openssl-1.1.1j/openvpn
--daemon
--log /Library/Application Support/Tunnelblick/Logs/-SUsers-Srobertk-SLibrary-SApplication Support-STunnelblick-SConfigurations-Sgreenhive_master.tblk-SContents-SResources-Sconfig.ovpn.769_0_1_0_34652464.52399.openvpn.log
--cd /Library/Application Support/Tunnelblick/Users/robertk/greenhive_master.tblk/Contents/Resources
--machine-readable-output
--setenv IV_GUI_VER "net.tunnelblick.tunnelblick 5650 3.8.5beta05 (build 5650)"
--verb 3
--config /Library/Application Support/Tunnelblick/Users/robertk/greenhive_master.tblk/Contents/Resources/config.ovpn
--setenv TUNNELBLICK_CONFIG_FOLDER /Library/Application Support/Tunnelblick/Users/robertk/greenhive_master.tblk/Contents/Resources
--verb 3
--cd /Library/Application Support/Tunnelblick/Users/robertk/greenhive_master.tblk/Contents/Resources
--management 127.0.0.1 52399 /Library/Application Support/Tunnelblick/geeielmngfddkiiidnhcaaaogadlpdifnpjaepip.mip
--management-query-passwords
--management-hold
--script-security 2
--route-up /Applications/Tunnelblick.app/Contents/Resources/client.up.tunnelblick.sh -9 -d -f -m -w -ptADGNWradsgnw
--down /Applications/Tunnelblick.app/Contents/Resources/client.down.tunnelblick.sh -9 -d -f -m -w -ptADGNWradsgnw
2022-04-30 06:24:40.108790 MANAGEMENT: Client connected from [AF_INET]127.0.0.1:52399
2022-04-30 06:24:40.136505 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'pid'
2022-04-30 06:24:40.136565 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'auth-retry interact'
2022-04-30 06:24:40.136595 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'state on'
2022-04-30 06:24:40.136615 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'state'
2022-04-30 06:24:40.136655 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'bytecount 1'
2022-04-30 06:24:40.138068 *Tunnelblick: Established communication with OpenVPN
2022-04-30 06:24:40.152091 *Tunnelblick: >INFO:OpenVPN Management Interface Version 1 -- type 'help' for more info
2022-04-30 06:24:40.154175 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'hold release'
2022-04-30 06:24:40.155529 NOTE: the current --script-security setting may allow this configuration to call user-defined scripts
2022-04-30 06:24:40.161486 Outgoing Control Channel Authentication: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication
2022-04-30 06:24:40.161545 Incoming Control Channel Authentication: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication
2022-04-30 06:24:40.161718 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1651292680,RESOLVE,,,,,,
2022-04-30 06:24:40.259123 TCP/UDP: Preserving recently used remote address: [AF_INET]xx.xx.xx.xx:1194
2022-04-30 06:24:40.259272 Socket Buffers: R=[786896->786896] S=[9216->9216]
2022-04-30 06:24:40.259296 UDP link local: (not bound)
2022-04-30 06:24:40.259311 UDP link remote: [AF_INET]xx.xx.xx.xx:1194
2022-04-30 06:24:40.259354 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1651292680,WAIT,,,,,,
2022-04-30 06:24:40.305386 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1651292680,AUTH,,,,,,
2022-04-30 06:24:40.305631 TLS: Initial packet from [AF_INET]xx.xx.xx.xx:1194, sid=06c4262e 884c5cdc
2022-04-30 06:24:40.369493 VERIFY OK: depth=1, CN=greenhive
2022-04-30 06:24:40.370236 VERIFY KU OK
2022-04-30 06:24:40.370275 Validating certificate extended key usage
2022-04-30 06:24:40.370301 ++ Certificate has EKU (str) TLS Web Server Authentication, expects TLS Web Server Authentication
2022-04-30 06:24:40.370323 VERIFY EKU OK
2022-04-30 06:24:40.370346 VERIFY OK: depth=0, CN=VPN.greenhive.at
2022-04-30 06:24:40.439317 WARNING: 'link-mtu' is used inconsistently, local='link-mtu 1541', remote='link-mtu 1542'
2022-04-30 06:24:40.439596 WARNING: 'comp-lzo' is present in remote config but missing in local config, remote='comp-lzo'
2022-04-30 06:24:40.439767 Control Channel: TLSv1.3, cipher TLSv1.3 TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, 2048 bit RSA
2022-04-30 06:24:40.439834 [VPN.greenhive.at] Peer Connection Initiated with [AF_INET]xx.xx.xx.xx:1194
2022-04-30 06:24:41.558800 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1651292681,GET_CONFIG,,,,,,
2022-04-30 06:24:41.559492 SENT CONTROL [VPN.greenhive.at]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1)
2022-04-30 06:24:41.652600 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8,dhcp-option DNS 8.8.4.4,comp-lzo no,route 172.17.0.0 255.255.255.0,route-gateway 192.168.255.1,topology subnet,ping 10,ping-restart 60,ifconfig 192.168.255.2 255.255.255.0,peer-id 1,cipher AES-256-GCM'
2022-04-30 06:24:41.652921 OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified
2022-04-30 06:24:41.652958 OPTIONS IMPORT: compression parms modified
2022-04-30 06:24:41.652985 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified
2022-04-30 06:24:41.653008 OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified
2022-04-30 06:24:41.653030 OPTIONS IMPORT: route-related options modified
2022-04-30 06:24:41.653051 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ip-win32 and/or --dhcp-option options modified
2022-04-30 06:24:41.653072 OPTIONS IMPORT: peer-id set
2022-04-30 06:24:41.653094 OPTIONS IMPORT: adjusting link_mtu to 1624
2022-04-30 06:24:41.653115 OPTIONS IMPORT: data channel crypto options modified
2022-04-30 06:24:41.653139 Data Channel: using negotiated cipher 'AES-256-GCM'
2022-04-30 06:24:41.653816 Outgoing Data Channel: Cipher 'AES-256-GCM' initialized with 256 bit key
2022-04-30 06:24:41.653851 Incoming Data Channel: Cipher 'AES-256-GCM' initialized with 256 bit key
2022-04-30 06:24:41.654722 Opening utun (connect(AF_SYS_CONTROL)): Resource busy (errno=16)
2022-04-30 06:24:41.654977 Opening utun (connect(AF_SYS_CONTROL)): Resource busy (errno=16)
2022-04-30 06:24:41.655036 Opening utun (connect(AF_SYS_CONTROL)): Resource busy (errno=16)
2022-04-30 06:24:41.655181 Opened utun device utun3
2022-04-30 06:24:41.655203 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1651292681,ASSIGN_IP,,192.168.255.2,,,,
2022-04-30 06:24:41.655217 /sbin/ifconfig utun3 delete
ifconfig: ioctl (SIOCDIFADDR): Can't assign requested address
2022-04-30 06:24:41.665109 NOTE: Tried to delete pre-existing tun/tap instance -- No Problem if failure
2022-04-30 06:24:41.666818 /sbin/ifconfig utun3 192.168.255.2 192.168.255.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 mtu 1500 up
2022-04-30 06:24:41.672645 /sbin/route add -net 192.168.255.0 192.168.255.2 255.255.255.0
add net 192.168.255.0: gateway 192.168.255.2
2022-04-30 06:24:41.679237 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1651292681,ADD_ROUTES,,,,,,
2022-04-30 06:24:41.679318 /sbin/route add -net 172.17.0.0 192.168.255.1 255.255.255.0
add net 172.17.0.0: gateway 192.168.255.1
06:24:41 *Tunnelblick: **********************************************
06:24:41 *Tunnelblick: Start of output from client.up.tunnelblick.sh
06:24:43 *Tunnelblick: Retrieved from OpenVPN: name server(s) [ 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 ], search domain(s) [ ] and SMB server(s) [ ] and using default domain name [ openvpn ]
06:24:44 *Tunnelblick: WARNING: Ignoring DomainName 'openvpn' because DomainName was set manually and '-allowChangesToManuallySetNetworkSettings' was not specified
06:24:44 *Tunnelblick: WARNING: Ignoring ServerAddresses '8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4' because ServerAddresses was set manually and '-allowChangesToManuallySetNetworkSettings' was not specified
06:24:44 *Tunnelblick: Setting search domains to '8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4' because the search domains were not set manually (or are allowed to be changed) and 'Prepend domain name to search domains' was not selected
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: Saved the DNS and SMB configurations so they can be restored
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: Did not change DNS ServerAddresses setting of '8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4' (but re-set it)
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: Changed DNS SearchDomains setting from 'openvpn' to '8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4'
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: Changed DNS DomainName setting from '' to '8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4'
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: Did not change SMB NetBIOSName setting of ''
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: Did not change SMB Workgroup setting of ''
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: Did not change SMB WINSAddresses setting of ''
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: DNS servers '8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4' were set manually
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: DNS servers '8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4' will be used for DNS queries when the VPN is active
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: The DNS servers include only free public DNS servers known to Tunnelblick.
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: Flushed the DNS cache via dscacheutil
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: /usr/sbin/discoveryutil not present. Not flushing the DNS cache via discoveryutil
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: Notified mDNSResponder that the DNS cache was flushed
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: Not notifying mDNSResponderHelper that the DNS cache was flushed because it is not running
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: Setting up to monitor system configuration with process-network-changes
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: End of output from client.up.tunnelblick.sh
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: **********************************************
2022-04-30 06:24:45.352811 WARNING: this configuration may cache passwords in memory -- use the auth-nocache option to prevent this
2022-04-30 06:24:45.352830 Initialization Sequence Completed
2022-04-30 06:24:45.352845 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1651292685,CONNECTED,SUCCESS,192.168.255.2,xx.xx.xx.xx,1194,,
2022-04-30 06:24:46.571157 *Tunnelblick: Routing info stdout:
route to: 8.8.4.4
destination: 8.8.4.4
gateway: 192.168.88.1
interface: en0
flags: <UP,GATEWAY,HOST,DONE,WASCLONED,IFSCOPE,IFREF,GLOBAL>
recvpipe sendpipe ssthresh rtt,msec rttvar hopcount mtu expire
0 0 0 0 0 0 1500 0
stderr:
2022-04-30 06:24:46.593014 *Tunnelblick: Warning: DNS server Address 8.8.4.4 is a known public DNS server but is not being routed through the VPN
2022-04-30 06:24:46.680197 *Tunnelblick: Routing info stdout:
route to: 8.8.8.8
destination: 8.8.8.8
gateway: 192.168.88.1
interface: en0
flags: <UP,GATEWAY,HOST,DONE,WASCLONED,IFSCOPE,IFREF,GLOBAL>
recvpipe sendpipe ssthresh rtt,msec rttvar hopcount mtu expire
0 0 0 0 0 0 1500 0
stderr:
2022-04-30 06:24:46.705581 *Tunnelblick: Warning: DNS server Address 8.8.8.8 is a known public DNS server but is not being routed through the VPN
编辑：这里是服务器的 IP 路由
bash-5.0# ip route
default via 172.17.0.1 dev eth0
10.0.0.0/24 via 192.168.255.2 dev tun0
10.0.1.0/24 via 192.168.255.2 dev tun0
10.0.3.0/24 via 192.168.255.2 dev tun0
172.17.0.0/16 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src
172.17.0.2 192.168.254.0/24 via 192.168.255.2 dev tun0 192.168.255.0/24 dev tun0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.255.1
客户的
172.17/24 192.168.255.2 UGSc utun3
状态日志
bash-5.0# cat /tmp/openvpn-status.log
OpenVPN CLIENT LIST
Updated,Sun May 1 08:20:48 2022
Common Name,Real Address,Bytes Received,Bytes Sent,Connected Since
at_dev_1,179.115.236.15:34846,23335,23021,Sun May 1 07:14:26 2022
master,179.115.236.15:64773,9574,9889,Sun May 1 07:55:44 2022
ROUTING TABLE
Virtual Address,Common Name,Real Address,Last Ref
192.168.255.2,master,179.115.236.15:64773,Sun May 1 07:55:44 2022
10.0.0.1,at_dev_1,179.115.236.15:34846,Sun May 1 07:14:26 2022
GLOBAL STATS
Max bcast/mcast queue length,1
END
在这里编辑一张图片来展示情况 图解
答案1
因此，我们发现您在 OpenVPN 中没有任何内部路由。这可能是因为您iroute在配置中没有使用任何语句。这就是为什么只有服务器和客户端的 VPN 地址可以相互访问。
从网络（OSI L3）角度来看，OpenVPN“拓扑子网”VPN 的总体结构如下所示：
192.168.255.10[tun] (client2) [eth] 10.0.2.1 --- ...
|
[client2].9 [eth] 10.0.1.1 --- ...
(server) [tun]192.168.255.1 --- .2[server] (OpenVPN process) [client1].5 --- 192.168.255.6[tun] (client1)
[eth] 10.0.0.1 --- ... .13[client3]
|
... --- 10.0.3.1 [eth] (client3) [tun]192.168.255.14
在这个有三个客户端的例子中，OpenVPN 进程看起来像一个有四个接口的路由器（其中一个接口面向服务器）。这个路由器也需要路由设置！这就是iroute关键字的作用。
因此，客户端要访问10.0.0.0/24服务器后面的网络，需要通过各自的 OpenVPN 客户端“地址”路由到该网络（例如，客户端 1 需要ip route add 10.0.0.0/24 via 192.168.255.5）。您可以使用“推送路由”推送这些路由。要访问其他客户端后面的网络，您需要进行类似的路由；在我的示例中，这些网络是连续的，它们都可以压缩为单个push "route 10.0.0.0 255.255.252.0"。
此外，OpenVPN“路由器”需要通过“客户端”地址将适当的路由路由到这些网络。例如，10.0.1.0/24 网络应通过 192.168.255.6 路由。为此，服务器需要代表运行iroute 10.0.1.0 255.255.255.0。client1为此，您需要输入
iroute 10.0.1.0 255.255.255.0
放入client1客户端配置目录（CCD）中的文件中，因此它会在具有通用名称的客户端client1成功验证后立即执行。
服务器后面的网络不需要iroute。它似乎使用服务器“接口”作为最后的网关。