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SSH 使用 publickey,password 或 publickey,none 进行身份验证

tag-icon • tag-icon ssh authentication sftp password public-key
SSH 使用 publickey,password 或 publickey,none 进行身份验证

在我的 SFTP 服务器上，我只想允许通过公钥和密码登录，或者（当且仅当用户没有密码时）仅通过公钥登录

我在 sshd_config 中设置如下：

AuthenticationMethods publickey,none publickey,password
PubkeyAuthentication yes
RSAAuthentication yes
PasswordAuthentication yes
PermitEmptyPasswords yes

但我总是被提示输入密码。当用户没有密码时，它会提示“需要进一步验证”，当我在密码对话框中按下 Enter 键时也是如此。

登录使用密码和公钥（如果用户为其帐户设置了密码）工作正常。

有什么推荐吗？

编辑：详细输出

user@DESKTOP-MS:~$ ssh -vvv -i administrator_priv_ssh -p 30627 [email protected]
OpenSSH_8.2p1 Ubuntu-4, OpenSSL 1.1.1f  31 Mar 2020
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: include /etc/ssh/ssh_config.d/*.conf matched no files
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 21: Applying options for *
debug2: resolve_canonicalize: hostname 10.0.20.20 is address
debug2: ssh_connect_direct
debug1: Connecting to 10.0.20.20 [10.0.20.20] port 30627.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: identity file administrator_priv_ssh type -1
debug1: identity file administrator_priv_ssh-cert type -1
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_8.2p1 Ubuntu-4
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_8.4p1 Debian-5+deb11u1
debug1: match: OpenSSH_8.4p1 Debian-5+deb11u1 pat OpenSSH* compat 0x04000000
debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK
debug1: Authenticating to 10.0.20.20:30627 as 'administrator'
debug3: put_host_port: [10.0.20.20]:30627
debug3: hostkeys_foreach: reading file "/home/user/.ssh/known_hosts"
debug3: record_hostkey: found key type ED25519 in file /home/user/.ssh/known_hosts:1
debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys from [10.0.20.20]:30627
debug3: order_hostkeyalgs: prefer hostkeyalgs: [email protected],ssh-ed25519
debug3: send packet: type 20
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug3: receive packet: type 20
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug2: local client KEXINIT proposal
debug2: KEX algorithms: curve25519-sha256,[email protected],ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512,diffie-hellman-group18-sha512,diffie-hellman-group14-sha256,ext-info-c
debug2: host key algorithms: [email protected],ssh-ed25519,[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,[email protected],[email protected],rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa
debug2: ciphers ctos: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected]
debug2: ciphers stoc: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected]
debug2: MACs ctos: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: MACs stoc: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: compression ctos: none,[email protected],zlib
debug2: compression stoc: none,[email protected],zlib
debug2: languages ctos:
debug2: languages stoc:
debug2: first_kex_follows 0
debug2: reserved 0
debug2: peer server KEXINIT proposal
debug2: KEX algorithms: curve25519-sha256,[email protected],ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512,diffie-hellman-group18-sha512,diffie-hellman-group14-sha256
debug2: host key algorithms: ssh-ed25519,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa
debug2: ciphers ctos: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected]
debug2: ciphers stoc: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected]
debug2: MACs ctos: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: MACs stoc: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: compression ctos: none,[email protected]
debug2: compression stoc: none,[email protected]
debug2: languages ctos:
debug2: languages stoc:
debug2: first_kex_follows 0
debug2: reserved 0
debug1: kex: algorithm: curve25519-sha256
debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ssh-ed25519
debug1: kex: server->client cipher: [email protected] MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: kex: client->server cipher: [email protected] MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug3: send packet: type 30
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug3: receive packet: type 31
debug1: Server host key: ssh-ed25519 SHA256:iGPrTwK6NU0gPhVEKnHowNYUmvUKT0Iy7jMhKwWY0Ck
debug3: put_host_port: [10.0.20.20]:30627
debug3: put_host_port: [10.0.20.20]:30627
debug3: hostkeys_foreach: reading file "/home/user/.ssh/known_hosts"
debug3: record_hostkey: found key type ED25519 in file /home/user/.ssh/known_hosts:1
debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys from [10.0.20.20]:30627
debug3: hostkeys_foreach: reading file "/home/user/.ssh/known_hosts"
debug3: record_hostkey: found key type ED25519 in file /home/user/.ssh/known_hosts:1
debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys from [10.0.20.20]:30627
debug1: Host '[10.0.20.20]:30627' is known and matches the ED25519 host key.
debug1: Found key in /home/user/.ssh/known_hosts:1
debug3: send packet: type 21
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1
debug1: rekey out after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug3: receive packet: type 21
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0
debug1: rekey in after 134217728 blocks
debug1: Will attempt key: administrator_priv_ssh  explicit
debug2: pubkey_prepare: done
debug3: send packet: type 5
debug3: receive packet: type 7
debug1: SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO received
debug1: kex_input_ext_info: server-sig-algs=<ssh-ed25519,[email protected],ssh-rsa,rsa-sha2-256,rsa-sha2-512,ssh-dss,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,[email protected],[email protected]>
debug3: receive packet: type 6
debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug3: send packet: type 50
debug3: receive packet: type 51
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey
debug3: preferred gssapi-with-mic,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password
debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey
debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password
debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Trying private key: administrator_priv_ssh
debug3: sign_and_send_pubkey: RSA SHA256:qvtj3y/xdk1IIwdYjXgyzMEtpZNfgxKMGKojrGMic74
debug3: sign_and_send_pubkey: signing using rsa-sha2-512 SHA256:qvtj3y/xdk1IIwdYjXgyzMEtpZNfgxKMGKojrGMic74
debug3: send packet: type 50
debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply
debug3: receive packet: type 51
Authenticated with partial success.
debug1: Authentications that can continue: password
debug3: start over, passed a different list password
debug3: preferred gssapi-with-mic,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password
debug3: authmethod_lookup password
debug3: remaining preferred: ,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password
debug3: authmethod_is_enabled password
debug1: Next authentication method: password
[email protected]'s password:
debug3: send packet: type 50
debug2: we sent a password packet, wait for reply
debug3: receive packet: type 51
debug1: Authentications that can continue: password
Permission denied, please try again.
[email protected]'s password:

答案1

如果您可以提供详细的输出，以查看根本原因。一种可能是私钥所在目录的ssh -vvv ...权限太松，因此拒绝使用该密钥。也可能是其他原因，但我们需要查看详细的输出。.ssh/

编辑：也许PasswordAuthentication no明确指定无密码用户是您想要的，同时保留其余部分：

...
Match User alice
  PasswordAuthentication no

答案2

sshd_config 中为用户提供的明确设置有点儿解决了问题，但不能让我满意。这不是我想要的，因为我必须在 sshd_config 中为每个用户手动设置它，而 AuthenticationMethod publickey,none 似乎根本不起作用

AuthenticationMethods publickey,none publickey,password none
PubkeyAuthentication yes
RSAAuthentication yes
PasswordAuthentication yes
PermitEmptyPasswords yes

Match User administrator
    AuthenticationMethods publickey
    PubkeyAuthentication yes
    PasswordAuthentication no

答案3

@Serguei

Match User alice
   PasswordAuthentication no

情况变得更糟。它无法识别下一个身份验证方法，只能重新开始，尝试所有方法，直到再次出现密码提示……

debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey
debug3: preferred gssapi-with-mic,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password
debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey
debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password
debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Trying private key: administrator_priv_ssh
debug3: sign_and_send_pubkey: RSA SHA256:qvtj3y/xdk1IIwdYjXgyzMEtpZNfgxKMGKojrGMic74
debug3: sign_and_send_pubkey: signing using rsa-sha2-512 SHA256:qvtj3y/xdk1IIwdYjXgyzMEtpZNfgxKMGKojrGMic74
debug3: send packet: type 50
debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply
debug3: receive packet: type 51
Authenticated with partial success.
debug1: Authentications that can continue:
debug3: start over, passed a different list gssapi-with-mic,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password
debug3: preferred gssapi-with-mic,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password
debug3: authmethod_lookup gssapi-with-mic
debug3: remaining preferred: publickey,keyboard-interactive,password
debug3: authmethod_is_enabled gssapi-with-mic
debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-with-mic
debug1: Unspecified GSS failure.  Minor code may provide more information
No Kerberos credentials available (default cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_1000)


debug1: Unspecified GSS failure.  Minor code may provide more information
No Kerberos credentials available (default cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_1000)


debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method
debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey
debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password
debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Trying private key: administrator_priv_ssh
debug3: sign_and_send_pubkey: RSA SHA256:qvtj3y/xdk1IIwdYjXgyzMEtpZNfgxKMGKojrGMic74
debug3: sign_and_send_pubkey: signing using rsa-sha2-512 SHA256:qvtj3y/xdk1IIwdYjXgyzMEtpZNfgxKMGKojrGMic74
debug3: send packet: type 50
debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply
debug3: receive packet: type 51
debug1: Authentications that can continue:
debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method
debug3: authmethod_lookup keyboard-interactive
debug3: remaining preferred: password
debug3: authmethod_is_enabled keyboard-interactive
debug1: Next authentication method: keyboard-interactive
debug2: userauth_kbdint
debug3: send packet: type 50
debug2: we sent a keyboard-interactive packet, wait for reply
debug3: receive packet: type 51
debug1: Authentications that can continue:
debug3: userauth_kbdint: disable: no info_req_seen
debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method
debug3: authmethod_lookup password
debug3: remaining preferred:
debug3: authmethod_is_enabled password
debug1: Next authentication method: password
[email protected]'s password:
debug3: send packet: type 50
debug2: we sent a password packet, wait for reply
debug3: receive packet: type 51
debug1: Authentications that can continue:
Permission denied, please try again.
[email protected]'s password:```

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