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nginx systemd[1]: nginx.service: 失败，结果为“退出代码”

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nginx systemd[1]: nginx.service: 失败，结果为“退出代码”

与当前时间相关，因此我正在为自己安装一个 mastodon 实例...

当我尝试重新启动 nginx 时，出现错误

root@instance-20221113-1925:/home/ubuntu# sudo systemctl restart nginx
Job for nginx.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status nginx.service" and "journalctl -xeu nginx.service" for details.

这是日志（它说Nov 13 09:45:11 instance-20221113-1925 nginx[34044]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test failed）：

https://pastebin.com/bRxTA3m1

conf文件是（未编辑）：

https://pastebin.com/dcK2RyCH

有经验的人能发现错误吗？谢谢！

答案1

也许您可以先删除 nginx，然后重新安装它。

列出与 nginx 相关的安装包，并将其删除。

dpkg --get-selections | grep nginx

sudo apt --purge remove nginx
sudo apt --purge remove nginx-common
sudo apt --purge remove nginx-core

并再次安装 nginx

sudo apt install nginx

现在，当我运行时systemctl status nginx，服务处于活动状态。 成功启动 nginx

答案2

错误信息表明配置文件 /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/mastodon 第 25 行中 listen ... ssl 指令缺少 ssl_certificate 指令。

Nov 13 09:44:42 instance-20221113-1925 nginx[34033]: nginx: [emerg] no "ssl_certificate" is defined for the "listen ... ssl" directive in /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/mastodon:25
Nov 13 09:44:42 instance-20221113-1925 nginx[34033]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test failed
Nov 13 09:44:42 instance-20221113-1925 systemd[1]: nginx.service: Control process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
░░ Subject: Unit process exited

尝试这个

user www-data;
worker_processes auto;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/*.conf;

events {
    worker_connections 768;
    # multi_accept on;
}

http {
    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush on;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;

    include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;

    ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3; # Dropping SSLv3, ref: POODLE
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;

    gzip on;

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;

    server {
        listen 443 ssl;
        listen [::]:443 ssl;
        server_name your_domain.com;

        ssl_certificate <<<<<<<</path/to/your/certificate.pem>>>>>>>;
        ssl_certificate_key <<<<<<</path/to/your/private/key.pem;

        # Additional SSL configurations can be added here

        location / {
            # proxy_set_header Host $host;
            # proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            # proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            # proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
            # proxy_pass http://localhost:3000;
            # proxy_buffering off;
            # proxy_request_buffering off;
            # proxy_http_version 1.1;
            # proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
            # proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
            }
    }

}

请记住将 your_domain.com 替换为您的实际域名，并将 ssl_certificate 和 ssl_certificate_key 的路径更新为您的 SSL 证书和私钥文件的正确路径。

答案3

在这里找到了解决方法：
certbot 指令失败，出现 ssl_certificate 错误

说明中还有另外一点：在 IPtables 安装运行结束时：

sudo iptables --flush

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