我有一个使用 ISPConfig（amavisd、spamassasing、dovecote 等）配置的邮件服务器，并对该工具的默认教程（ISPConfig）。服务器本身运行良好。
但是，我在使用名为 SendPulse 的外部服务发送电子邮件时遇到了问题。
我使用 sendpulse SMTP 工具向客户发送发票，但是当客户的电子邮件托管在我的电子邮件服务器上时（这是最常见的情况），由于某些我无法找到的设置，无法收到电子邮件。在日志中我收到以下错误：
postfix/smtpd[2979413]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from mx25.smtppulse.com[213.109.76.186]: 550 5.1.0
<[email protected]>: Sender address rejected: User unknown in virtual mailbox table;
from=<[email protected]> to=<[email protected]> proto=ESMTP helo=<mx25.smtppulse.com>
[电子邮件保护]是在sendpulse smtp中配置为使用的电子邮件地址from，该电子邮件也存在于邮件服务器中。
DKIM、DMARC 和 SPF 已配置并正常工作。
我尝试测试一下设置参数smtpd_reject_unlisted_sender= no，但仍然无法发送电子邮件。
编辑：
我当前的配置：
主配置文件
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Debian/GNU)
biff = no
# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
append_dot_mydomain = no
# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
#delay_warning_time = 4h
readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix
# See http://www.postfix.org/COMPATIBILITY_README.html -- default to 2 on
# fresh installs.
compatibility_level = 2
postscreen_greet_action = enforce
# TLS parameters
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.cert
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.key
smtpd_tls_security_level = may
smtp_tls_CApath=/etc/ssl/certs
smtp_tls_security_level = dane
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination
myhostname = mailussl.eximiaweb.com.br
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases, hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases, hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/aliases
myorigin = /etc/mailname
mydestination = mailussl.eximiaweb.com.br, localhost, localhost.localdomain
relayhost =
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::1]/128, smtppulse.com
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = all
inet_protocols = ipv4
html_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix/html
virtual_alias_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_alias_domains.cf
virtual_alias_maps = hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/virtual-mailman, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_forwardings.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_alias_maps.cf, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_email2email.cf
virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_domains.cf
virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailboxes.cf
virtual_mailbox_base = /var/vmail
virtual_uid_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_uids.cf
virtual_gid_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_gids.cf
sender_bcc_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_outgoing_bcc.cf
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes
smtpd_restriction_classes = greylisting
greylisting = check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:10023
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_unlisted_recipient, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unauth_destination, check_recipient_access proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_recipient.cf, check_recipient_access mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_policy_greylist.cf, check_policy_service unix:private/quota-status
smtpd_use_tls = yes
transport_maps = hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/transport-mailman, proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_transports.cf
relay_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_relaydomains.cf
relay_recipient_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_relayrecipientmaps.cf
smtpd_sender_login_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_sender_login_maps.cf
proxy_read_maps = $local_recipient_maps $mydestination $virtual_alias_maps $virtual_alias_domains $sender_bcc_maps $virtual_mailbox_maps $virtual_mailbox_domains $relay_recipient_maps $relay_domains $canonical_maps $sender_canonical_maps $recipient_canonical_maps $relocated_maps $transport_maps $mynetworks $smtpd_sender_login_maps $virtual_uid_maps $virtual_gid_maps $smtpd_client_restrictions $smtpd_sender_restrictions $smtpd_recipient_restrictions $smtp_sasl_password_maps $sender_dependent_relayhost_maps
smtpd_helo_required = yes
# alterado por Rodrigo
#smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, check_helo_access regexp:/etc/postfix/helo_access, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_invalid_helo_hostname, reject_non_fqdn_helo_hostname, check_helo_access regexp:/etc/postfix/blacklist_helo, ,reject_unknown_helo_hostname, permit
smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, check_helo_access regexp:/etc/postfix/helo_access, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_invalid_helo_hostname, reject_non_fqdn_helo_hostname, check_helo_access regexp:/etc/postfix/blacklist_helo, reject_unknown_helo_hostname, permit
#reject_rbl_client dnsbl.inps.de, reject_rbl_client zen.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client truncate.gbudb.net, reject_rbl_client bl.mailspike.net, reject_rbl_client b.barracudacentral.org, reject_rbl_client noptr.spamrats.com, reject_rbl_client dyna.spamrats.com, reject_rbl_client drone.abuse.ch, reject_rbl_client cbl.abuseat.org
smtpd_end_of_data_restrictions = check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:10040
smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, check_sender_access proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_sender.cf, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_unlisted_sender
smtpd_reject_unlisted_sender = no
smtpd_client_restrictions = check_client_access proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_client.cf, permit_inet_interfaces, permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_rbl_client zen.spamhaus.org, reject_unauth_pipelining, permit
smtpd_etrn_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject
smtpd_data_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject_unauth_pipelining, reject_multi_recipient_bounce, permit
smtpd_client_message_rate_limit = 100
smtpd_delay_reject = yes
maildrop_destination_concurrency_limit = 1
maildrop_destination_recipient_limit = 1
virtual_transport = lmtp:unix:private/dovecot-lmtp
header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/header_checks
mime_header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/mime_header_checks
nested_header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/nested_header_checks
body_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/body_checks
owner_request_special = no
smtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3
smtpd_tls_protocols = !SSLv2,!SSLv3
smtp_tls_protocols = !SSLv2,!SSLv3
smtpd_tls_exclude_ciphers = RC4, aNULL
smtp_tls_exclude_ciphers = RC4, aNULL
smtpd_tls_mandatory_ciphers = medium
tls_medium_cipherlist = ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256:AES128-GCM-SHA256:AES256-GCM-SHA384:AES128-SHA256:AES256-SHA256:AES128-SHA:AES256-SHA:DES-CBC3-SHA
tls_preempt_cipherlist = yes
address_verify_negative_refresh_time = 60s
enable_original_recipient = no
sender_dependent_relayhost_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_sender-relayhost.cf
smtp_sasl_password_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_sender-relayauth.cf, texthash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
smtp_sender_dependent_authentication = yes
smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous, noplaintext
smtp_sasl_tls_security_options = noanonymous
authorized_flush_users =
authorized_mailq_users = nagios, icinga
smtpd_forbidden_commands = CONNECT,GET,POST,USER,PASS
address_verify_sender_ttl = 15686s
smtp_dns_support_level = dnssec
dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
message_size_limit = 0
smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:11332
non_smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:11332
milter_protocol = 6
milter_mail_macros = i {mail_addr} {client_addr} {client_name} {auth_authen}
milter_default_action = accept
postscreen_access_list = permit_mynetworks cidr:/etc/postfix/postscreen_access.cidr
postscreen_blacklist_action = drop
主配置文件
smtp inet n - y - - smtpd
smtp inet n - y - 1 postscreen
smtpd pass - - y - - smtpd
dnsblog unix - - y - 0 dnsblog
tlsproxy unix - - y - 0 tlsproxy
submission inet n - y - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/submission
-o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_enforce_tls=yes
-o smtpd_tls_security_level=may
-o smtpd_tls_auth_only=yes
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
# -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
smtps inet n - y - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_enforce_tls=yes
-o smtpd_tls_security_level=may
-o smtpd_tls_auth_only=yes
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
# -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#628 inet n - y - - qmqpd
pickup unix n - y 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - y - 0 cleanup
qmgr unix n - n 300 1 qmgr
#qmgr unix n - n 300 1 oqmgr
tlsmgr unix - - y 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - y - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - y - 0 bounce
defer unix - - y - 0 bounce
trace unix - - y - 0 bounce
verify unix - - y - 1 verify
flush unix n - y 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - y - - smtp
relay unix - - y - - smtp
-o syslog_name=postfix/$service_name
# -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq unix n - y - - showq
error unix - - y - - error
retry unix - - y - - error
discard unix - - y - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - y - - lmtp
anvil unix - - y - 1 anvil
scache unix - - y - 1 scache
postlog unix-dgram n - n - 1 postlogd
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRXhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.
#
# Specify in cyrus.conf:
# lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4
#
# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:
# mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
# virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=DRX user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
# Old example of delivery via Cyrus.
#
#old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
uucp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
mailman unix - n n - - pipe
flags=FRX user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py ${nexthop} ${user}
dovecot unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -f ${sender} -d ${user}@${nexthop}
amavis unix - - - - 2 smtp
-o smtp_data_done_timeout=1200
-o smtp_send_xforward_command=yes
-o smtp_bind_address=
127.0.0.1:10025 inet n - n - - smtpd
-o content_filter=
-o local_recipient_maps=
-o relay_recipient_maps=
-o smtpd_restriction_classes=
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=
-o smtpd_helo_restrictions=
-o smtpd_sender_restrictions=
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject
-o smtpd_end_of_data_restrictions=
-o mynetworks=127.0.0.0/8
-o strict_rfc821_envelopes=yes
-o receive_override_options=no_unknown_recipient_checks,no_header_body_checks
-o smtp_send_xforward_command=yes
-o disable_dns_lookups=yes
-o address_verify_virtual_transport=$virtual_transport
-o address_verify_transport_maps=$transport_maps
127.0.0.1:10027 inet n - n - - smtpd
-o content_filter=
-o local_recipient_maps=
-o relay_recipient_maps=
-o smtpd_restriction_classes=
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=
-o smtpd_helo_restrictions=
-o smtpd_sender_restrictions=
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject
-o smtpd_end_of_data_restrictions=
-o mynetworks=127.0.0.0/8
-o strict_rfc821_envelopes=yes
-o receive_override_options=no_unknown_recipient_checks,no_header_body_checks
-o smtp_send_xforward_command=yes
-o disable_dns_lookups=yes
-o address_verify_virtual_transport=$virtual_transport
-o address_verify_transport_maps=$transport_maps
-o milter_default_action=accept
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
答案1
我想我明白发生了什么，以及为什么这是配置的缺陷。
错误消息显示sender address rejected，例如被某个项目拒绝smtp_sender_restrictions，可能是最后一个，reject_unlisted_sender。您尝试设置smtpd_reject_unlisted_sender = no是朝着正确方向迈出的一步，但它仅在没有任何地方发生reject_unlisted_sender时才使用，并且它默认为“否”反正。
发生这种拒绝可能是因为发件人地址域eximiaweb.com.br来自 Postfix 认为它控制的域，但其中现有地址列表（virtual_mailbox_maps或在和virtual_alias_maps中列出的域；以及在 中列出的域）不包含。virtual_mailbox_domainsvirtual_alias_domainslocal_recipient_mapsalias_mapsmydomain[email protected]
这是此配置的第一个问题。（从评论中我可以推断你已经解决了这个问题，但我保留了本段的其余部分来解释为什么这是必要的。）发送带有不可路由的返回地址的邮件是个坏主意，即使它是一个无回复地址。其中一个原因是，因为有些服务器实际上查看该地址（尝试将邮件投递到该地址，但退出而不是发出DATA命令），他们根本不会接受来自不存在地址的邮件。因此，您甚至可以将其设为黑洞目的地，但请接受该地址的邮件。
就您而言，配置似乎足够安全，可以检查发件人地址是否允许此经过身份验证的发件人使用。但就您而言，发件人未经身份验证，因此即使您将其添加noreply@...到现有地址列表中，投递仍将失败。
这显示了您的配置的第二个问题。您使用同一个公共 smtpd 实例来接收来自其他服务器的邮件（该服务器在设计上未经身份验证），以及用于本地经过身份验证的用户提交邮件。您甚至启用了专用提交服务，但它与端口 25 上的主要“传入”实例共享配置的重要部分，因此它实际上毫无用处。
最好让所有smtpd_*_restrictions这些实例都不同；smtpd 身份验证、未列出的发件人拒绝和发件人电子邮件所有权仅在服务中检查submission（并且它不应该允许没有身份验证的邮件）。为此，请为其设置smtpd_sasl_auth_enabled=yes和。“传入”端口 25 实例不应接受任何身份验证，并且将专用于仅接收来自其他服务器的邮件，因此它应该删除和所有相应的检查（，等等）。这样，即使其他服务器从您服务器上的域向您的服务器发送邮件，它也会被接受。有smtpd_sender_restrictionspermit_sasl_authenticated,rejectsmtpd_sasl_auth_enabled=nopermit_sasl_authenticatedreject_unlisted_senderServerFault 上的其他答案更详细地解释此配置。
答案2
好的，我昨天终于解决了这个问题。
基本上，我需要做的是将 sendpulse 域（smtppulse.com）添加到我的 mynetworks 变量中，如下所示：
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::1]/128, smtppulse.com
很简单，但是我花了一段时间才得出这个结论，也许它可以帮助某些人减少对此问题的困扰。