SLES 的根文件系统采用 BtrFS,并在更新前后自动执行(“编号”)快照。如果您的系统出现故障,您可以从较旧的快照启动(使用较旧的内核)。
理论上这一切都很好,但我有一些实际问题/疑问:
- 文件系统应该有多大(例如,假设您不会“使用”超过 20GB 的空间)?
- 当也想使用“时间线”快照时,建议使用哪些设置来使快照磁盘使用率保持在“界限内”?
例如,我使用以下快照设置:
# grep '^[^#]' /etc/snapper/configs/root
SUBVOLUME="/"
FSTYPE="btrfs"
QGROUP="1/0"
SPACE_LIMIT="0.5"
FREE_LIMIT="0.2"
ALLOW_USERS=""
ALLOW_GROUPS=""
SYNC_ACL="no"
BACKGROUND_COMPARISON="yes"
NUMBER_CLEANUP="yes"
NUMBER_MIN_AGE="1800"
NUMBER_LIMIT="2-10"
NUMBER_LIMIT_IMPORTANT="4-10"
TIMELINE_CREATE="yes"
TIMELINE_CLEANUP="yes"
TIMELINE_MIN_AGE="1800"
TIMELINE_LIMIT_HOURLY="10"
TIMELINE_LIMIT_DAILY="5"
TIMELINE_LIMIT_WEEKLY="3"
TIMELINE_LIMIT_MONTHLY="3"
TIMELINE_LIMIT_YEARLY="2"
EMPTY_PRE_POST_CLEANUP="yes"
EMPTY_PRE_POST_MIN_AGE="1800"
我的意思是:理想情况下,我希望将计划磁盘使用量的 50% 用于快照,那么我应该如何调整设置呢?
以下是创建的快照的示例(该列表可能会随着时间的推移而增长):
# snapper list
# | Type | Pre # | Date | User | Used Space | Cleanup | Description | Userdata
------+--------+-------+--------------------------+------+------------+----------+--------------------------+--------------
0 | single | | | root | | | current |
1* | single | | Tue Jan 24 12:35:33 2023 | root | 144.00 KiB | | first root filesystem |
27 | single | | Thu Jan 26 10:14:39 2023 | root | 325.28 MiB | | Installation DP CM 11.02 |
42 | single | | Thu Feb 2 14:00:01 2023 | root | 492.13 MiB | timeline | timeline |
5181 | single | | Fri Sep 1 00:00:01 2023 | root | 172.21 MiB | timeline | timeline |
5274 | pre | | Mon Sep 4 11:26:42 2023 | root | 102.06 MiB | number | zypp(ruby.ruby2.5) | important=yes
5275 | post | 5274 | Mon Sep 4 11:29:41 2023 | root | 194.42 MiB | number | | important=yes
5917 | single | | Sun Oct 1 00:00:01 2023 | root | 13.92 MiB | timeline | timeline |
6172 | pre | | Wed Oct 11 14:51:34 2023 | root | 1.23 MiB | number | yast online_update |
6175 | pre | | Wed Oct 11 14:53:16 2023 | root | 97.12 MiB | number | zypp(ruby.ruby2.5) | important=yes
6176 | post | 6175 | Wed Oct 11 14:56:43 2023 | root | 304.00 KiB | number | | important=yes
6177 | post | 6172 | Wed Oct 11 14:56:54 2023 | root | 256.00 KiB | number | |
6178 | pre | | Wed Oct 11 14:58:37 2023 | root | 928.00 KiB | number | zypp(zypper) | important=yes
6179 | post | 6178 | Wed Oct 11 14:58:47 2023 | root | 1.30 MiB | number | | important=yes
6621 | single | | Mon Oct 30 00:00:01 2023 | root | 6.52 MiB | timeline | timeline |
6669 | single | | Wed Nov 1 00:00:01 2023 | root | 6.50 MiB | timeline | timeline |
6789 | single | | Mon Nov 6 00:00:01 2023 | root | 6.47 MiB | timeline | timeline |
6933 | single | | Sun Nov 12 00:00:01 2023 | root | 6.20 MiB | timeline | timeline |
6957 | single | | Mon Nov 13 00:00:01 2023 | root | 5.84 MiB | timeline | timeline |
6981 | single | | Tue Nov 14 00:00:01 2023 | root | 3.48 MiB | timeline | timeline |
7005 | single | | Wed Nov 15 00:00:01 2023 | root | 2.91 MiB | timeline | timeline |
7029 | single | | Thu Nov 16 00:00:01 2023 | root | 464.00 KiB | timeline | timeline |
7032 | single | | Thu Nov 16 03:00:01 2023 | root | 16.00 KiB | timeline | timeline |
7033 | single | | Thu Nov 16 04:00:01 2023 | root | 16.00 KiB | timeline | timeline |
7034 | single | | Thu Nov 16 05:00:01 2023 | root | 64.00 KiB | timeline | timeline |
7035 | single | | Thu Nov 16 06:00:01 2023 | root | 16.00 KiB | timeline | timeline |
7036 | single | | Thu Nov 16 07:00:01 2023 | root | 16.00 KiB | timeline | timeline |
7037 | single | | Thu Nov 16 08:00:01 2023 | root | 32.00 KiB | timeline | timeline |
7038 | single | | Thu Nov 16 09:00:01 2023 | root | 80.00 KiB | timeline | timeline |
7039 | single | | Thu Nov 16 10:00:01 2023 | root | 128.00 KiB | timeline | timeline |
7040 | single | | Thu Nov 16 11:00:01 2023 | root | 272.00 KiB | timeline | timeline |
7041 | pre | | Thu Nov 16 11:50:58 2023 | root | 512.00 KiB | number | yast online_update |
7042 | pre | | Thu Nov 16 11:52:45 2023 | root | 1.27 MiB | number | zypp(ruby.ruby2.5) | important=yes
7043 | post | 7042 | Thu Nov 16 11:56:35 2023 | root | 560.00 KiB | number | | important=yes
7044 | post | 7041 | Thu Nov 16 11:56:42 2023 | root | 464.00 KiB | number | |
7045 | pre | | Thu Nov 16 11:58:15 2023 | root | 768.00 KiB | number | zypp(zypper) | important=yes
7046 | post | 7045 | Thu Nov 16 11:58:27 2023 | root | 320.00 KiB | number | | important=yes
7047 | single | | Thu Nov 16 12:00:01 2023 | root | 176.00 KiB | timeline | timeline |
7048 | single | | Thu Nov 16 13:00:01 2023 | root | 32.00 KiB | timeline | timeline |
答案1
官方部署指南建议“所有模式”的最小磁盘空间如下安装范围大小为 4 GB:
- 建议最低配置(无 Btrfs 快照):10 GB
- 最低要求(包含 Btrfs 快照):16 GB
- 建议最低配置(包含 Btrfs 快照):32 GB
之间的比率建议最低(无快照)至安装范围尺寸:
10 GB / 4 GB = 2,5
之间的比率最低要求(附快照)至建议最低(无快照):
16 GB / 10 GB = 1,6
之间的比率建议最低(附快照)至最低要求(附快照):
32 GB / 16 GB = 2
公式必需的最低限度(附快照):
f(x) = x * 2,5 * 1,6 = x * 4
x = Installation Scope size
Example: x = 20 GB
f(x) = 20 GB * 4 = 80 GB
公式受到推崇的最低限度(附快照):
f(x) = x * 2,5 * 1,6 * 2 = x * 8
x = Installation Scope size
Example: x = 20 GB
f(x) = 20 GB * 8 = 160 GB