我在使用 dovecot 时遇到了问题，当我尝试 telnet localhost 143 时，我得到了
root@ubuntuserver:/etc/dovecot# telnet localhost 143
Trying 127.0.0.1...
telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused
它的 systemctl status dovecot
dovecot.service - Dovecot IMAP/POP3 email server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/dovecot.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Mon 2024-02-12 14:20:12 UTC; 3min 18s ago
Docs: man:dovecot(1)
https://doc.dovecot.org/
Main PID: 15458 (dovecot)
Status: "v2.3.20 (80a5ac675d) running"
Tasks: 4 (limit: 5673)
Memory: 2.5M
CPU: 20ms
CGroup: /system.slice/dovecot.service
├─15458 /usr/sbin/dovecot -F
├─15459 dovecot/anvil
├─15460 dovecot/log
└─15461 dovecot/config
Feb 12 14:20:12 ubuntuserver systemd[1]: Starting dovecot.service - Dovecot IMAP/POP3 email server...
Feb 12 14:20:12 ubuntuserver dovecot[15458]: master: Dovecot v2.3.20 (80a5ac675d) starting up without any protocols (core dumps disabled)
Feb 12 14:20:12 ubuntuserver systemd[1]: Started dovecot.service - Dovecot IMAP/POP3 email server.
它来自日志：
2024-02-12T13:46:33.871791+00:00 ubuntuserver dovecot: master: Fatal: service(imap) access(/usr/lib/dovecot/imap) failed: No such file or directory
2024-02-12T13:57:23.398290+00:00 ubuntuserver dovecot: master: Fatal: Dovecot is already running with PID 14291 (read from /run/dovecot/master.pid)
2024-02-12T14:06:03.027267+00:00 ubuntuserver dovecot: master: Fatal: service(pop3) access(/usr/lib/dovecot/pop3) failed: No such file or directory
2024-02-12T14:06:43.544402+00:00 ubuntuserver dovecot: master: Fatal: service(pop3) access(/usr/lib/dovecot/pop3) failed: No such file or directory
2024-02-12T14:17:51.699300+00:00 ubuntuserver dovecot: master: Fatal: service(auth) getpwnam(vmail) failed: No such file or directory (See service auth { unix_listener /run/dovecot/auth-userdb { user } } setting)
2024-02-12T14:20:16.125234+00:00 ubuntuserver dovecot: master: Fatal: Dovecot is already running with PID 15458 (read from /run/dovecot/master.pid)
2024-02-12T14:06:01.874097+00:00 ubuntuserver dovecot: master: Warning: Killed with signal 15 (by pid=14776 uid=0 code=kill)
2024-02-12T14:06:02.986315+00:00 ubuntuserver dovecot: log(14294): Warning: Killed with signal 15 (by pid=1 uid=0 code=kill)
2024-02-12T14:06:03.027267+00:00 ubuntuserver dovecot: master: Fatal: service(pop3) access(/usr/lib/dovecot/pop3) failed: No such file or directory
2024-02-12T14:06:43.544402+00:00 ubuntuserver dovecot: master: Fatal: service(pop3) access(/usr/lib/dovecot/pop3) failed: No such file or directory
2024-02-12T14:08:10.468783+00:00 ubuntuserver dovecot: master: Dovecot v2.3.20 (80a5ac675d) starting up without any protocols (core dumps disabled)
2024-02-12T14:09:28.005984+00:00 ubuntuserver dovecot: master: Warning: Killed with signal 15 (by pid=15137 uid=0 code=kill)
2024-02-12T14:09:29.212935+00:00 ubuntuserver dovecot: log(14808): Warning: Killed with signal 15 (by pid=1 uid=0 code=kill)
2024-02-12T14:09:29.238143+00:00 ubuntuserver dovecot: master: Dovecot v2.3.20 (80a5ac675d) starting up without any protocols (core dumps disabled)
2024-02-12T14:09:56.110496+00:00 ubuntuserver dovecot: master: Warning: Killed with signal 15 (by pid=15240 uid=0 code=kill)
2024-02-12T14:09:57.219799+00:00 ubuntuserver dovecot: log(15144): Warning: Killed with signal 15 (by pid=1 uid=0 code=kill)
2024-02-12T14:10:19.304639+00:00 ubuntuserver dovecot: master: Dovecot v2.3.20 (80a5ac675d) starting up without any protocols (core dumps disabled)
2024-02-12T14:17:08.208276+00:00 ubuntuserver dovecot: master: Warning: Killed with signal 15 (by pid=15403 uid=0 code=kill)
2024-02-12T14:17:51.699300+00:00 ubuntuserver dovecot: master: Fatal: service(auth) getpwnam(vmail) failed: No such file or directory (See service auth { unix_listener /run/dovecot/auth-userdb { user } } setting)
2024-02-12T14:20:12.659665+00:00 ubuntuserver dovecot: master: Dovecot v2.3.20 (80a5ac675d) starting up without any protocols (core dumps disabled)
2024-02-12T14:20:16.125234+00:00 ubuntuserver dovecot: master: Fatal: Dovecot is already running with PID 15458 (read from /run/dovecot/master.pid)
2024-02-12T14:23:02.638927+00:00 ubuntuserver postfix/qmgr[11248]: 28293E2048: from=<>, size=2264, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
2024-02-12T14:23:32.862495+00:00 ubuntuserver postfix/smtp[15599]: connect to test.com[67.225.146.248]:25: Connection timed out
2024-02-12T14:23:32.874891+00:00 ubuntuserver postfix/smtp[15599]: 28293E2048: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=4766, delays=4735/0.02/30/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (connect to test.com[67.225.146.248]:25: Connection timed out)
2024-02-12T14:28:02.143106+00:00 ubuntuserver postfix/qmgr[11248]: E91F8E1F28: from=<>, size=2244, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
2024-02-12T14:28:32.366768+00:00 ubuntuserver postfix/smtp[15627]: connect to test.com[67.225.146.248]:25: Connection timed out
2024-02-12T14:28:32.390745+00:00 ubuntuserver postfix/smtp[15627]: E91F8E1F28: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=4575, delays=4545/0.02/30/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (connect to test.com[67
这是来自 nmap -p 192.168.1.16 的：
Starting Nmap 7.94SVN ( https://nmap.org ) at 2024-02-12 14:32 UTC
Nmap scan report for ubunturealm (192.168.1.16)
Host is up (0.000035s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE
143/tcp closed imap
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.05 seconds
这是来自 dovecot -n 的：
# 2.3.20 (80a5ac675d): /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf
# Pigeonhole version 0.5.20 (149edcf2)
# OS: Linux 6.5.0-17-generic x86_64 Ubuntu 23.10
# Hostname: ubuntuserver
有人可以帮助我，指导我进行正确的配置吗？
答案1
错误
Fatal: service(imap) access(/usr/lib/dovecot/imap) failed: No such file or directory
和
Fatal: service(pop3) access(/usr/lib/dovecot/pop3) failed: No such file or directory
建议您仅安装了dovecot-core软件包，但未能安装对 POP3 或 IMAP 协议的支持...
您很可能仍需要安装：
- 软件包
dovecot-imapd- Dovecot 安全 POP3/IMAP 服务器 - IMAP 守护进程 - 软件包
dovecot-pop3d- Dovecot 安全 POP3/IMAP 服务器 - POP3 守护进程