错误 2003 (HY000)：无法连接到 (111) 上的 MySQL 服务器

Question

我无法在我的 ubuntu 安装上连接包含 mysql 安装的远程 tcp/ip：

viggy@ubuntu:~$ mysql -u user.name -p -h xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx -P 3306
Enter password: 
ERROR 2003 (HY000): Can't connect to MySQL server on 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx' (111)

我在 /etc/mysql/my.cnf 中使用 vim 注释掉了下面的行：

# Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on
# localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure.
#bind-address           = 127.0.0.1

然后我重新启动了服务器：

sudo service mysql restart

但我仍然遇到同样的错误。

这是my.cnf的内容：

#
# The MySQL database server configuration file.
#
# You can copy this to one of:
# - "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" to set global options,
# - "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options.
# 
# One can use all long options that the program supports.
# Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with
# --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use.
#
# For explanations see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html

# This will be passed to all mysql clients
# It has been reported that passwords should be enclosed with ticks/quotes
# escpecially if they contain "#" chars...
# Remember to edit /etc/mysql/debian.cnf when changing the socket location.
[client]
port        = 3306
socket      = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

# Here is entries for some specific programs
# The following values assume you have at least 32M ram

# This was formally known as [safe_mysqld]. Both versions are currently parsed.
[mysqld_safe]
socket      = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
nice        = 0

[mysqld]
#
# * Basic Settings
#
user        = mysql
pid-file    = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket      = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port        = 3306
basedir     = /usr
datadir     = /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir      = /tmp
lc-messages-dir = /usr/share/mysql
skip-external-locking
#
# Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on
# localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure.
#bind-address       = 127.0.0.1
#
# * Fine Tuning
#
key_buffer      = 16M
max_allowed_packet  = 16M
thread_stack        = 192K
thread_cache_size       = 8
# This replaces the startup script and checks MyISAM tables if needed
# the first time they are touched
myisam-recover         = BACKUP
#max_connections        = 100
#table_cache            = 64
#thread_concurrency     = 10
#
# * Query Cache Configuration
#
query_cache_limit   = 1M
query_cache_size        = 16M
#
# * Logging and Replication
#
# Both location gets rotated by the cronjob.
# Be aware that this log type is a performance killer.
# As of 5.1 you can enable the log at runtime!
#general_log_file        = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log
#general_log             = 1
#
# Error logging goes to syslog due to /etc/mysql/conf.d/mysqld_safe_syslog.cnf.
#
# Here you can see queries with especially long duration
#log_slow_queries   = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log
#long_query_time = 2
#log-queries-not-using-indexes
#
# The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication.
# note: if you are setting up a replication slave, see README.Debian about
#       other settings you may need to change.
#server-id      = 1
#log_bin            = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
expire_logs_days    = 10
max_binlog_size         = 100M
#binlog_do_db       = include_database_name
#binlog_ignore_db   = include_database_name
#
# * InnoDB
#
# InnoDB is enabled by default with a 10MB datafile in /var/lib/mysql/.
# Read the manual for more InnoDB related options. There are many!
#
# * Security Features
#
# Read the manual, too, if you want chroot!
# chroot = /var/lib/mysql/
#
# For generating SSL certificates I recommend the OpenSSL GUI "tinyca".
#
# ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/cacert.pem
# ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/server-cert.pem
# ssl-key=/etc/mysql/server-key.pem



[mysqldump]
quick
quote-names
max_allowed_packet  = 16M

[mysql]
#no-auto-rehash # faster start of mysql but no tab completition

[isamchk]
key_buffer      = 16M

#
# * IMPORTANT: Additional settings that can override those from this file!
#   The files must end with '.cnf', otherwise they'll be ignored.
#
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/

（请注意，我可以通过运行 mysql 正常登录到本地 mysql 安装（它会以 root 身份登录），还请注意，我可以通过 ssh 登录然后调用 mysql 进入远程服务器中的 mysql），但我无法使用主机通过我的终端连接到远程服务器，我需要通过这种方式进行操作，这样我才能使用 mysql 工作台。

Answer 1

看来您正确地注释掉了bind-address中的指令my.cnf。但需要在偏僻的服务器才能产生任何影响；虽然你似乎已经在你的服务器上进行了更改当地的机器。因此，更改仅对本地 mysqld 有效，而不对您尝试访问的远程 mysqld 有效。因此，您需要ssh进入远程机器并在远程机器上进行更改（然后在那里重新启动 mysqld）。您还必须检查远程机器的防火墙，以确保它允许您访问。

Answer 2

这可能是用户权限问题。您对 CREATE_USER 使用了什么？

尝试使用

CREATE USER 'testuser' IDENTIFIED BY 'somepass';

省略正常的@'locahost'部分，因此它不受限制。

还看一下 /var/log/mysql 看看是否有线索......

Answer 3

由于您没有权限直接连接到远程主机上的 MySQL 服务器，但有能力使用ssh，因此请通过转发端口ssh，然后将 MySQL Workbench 连接到该端口。

Answer 4

（Ubuntu 18）

1. 在远程 mysql 服务器上：

   vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
   

2. 像这样注释掉：

   #bind-address       = 127.0.0.1
   

3. 重启 mysql 服务器

   service mysql restart