为什么我的域控制器会导致我的路由器发送唯一本地地址的广告?

为什么我的域控制器会导致我的路由器发送唯一本地地址的广告?

我目前正在评估 Server 2012 是否可用作 Linux 和 Windows 工作站和服务器组成的小型异构网络中的域控制器,所有这些工作站和服务器最终都将加入域。这是一个 100% 双栈网络;每个设备都具有 IPv4 和 IPv6 连接。路由器是运行 radvd 1.9.1 和其他各种必需品的 Linux 服务器。

我刚刚安装了第一个域控制器;它的域名是ad.businessname.combusinessname.com由外部 DNS 服务器处理;该域还具有公共网站、电子邮件等,这些目前不会加入域)。它是安装了 AD DS 和 DNS 角色的服务器核心。一切似乎都很好,我已准备好设置第二个 DC 并开始加入计算机,但是...

现在我的网络上有额外的 IPv6 路由器广告,广告唯一本地地址。 它是宣传实际路由器正在宣传的本机 IPv6 前缀。起初我以为这些 RA 源自域控制器,因为当我关闭它时它们就消失了,但在运行 Wireshark 后,我发现它们来自我的实际 IPv6 路由器。Wireshark 显示,此版本的 RA 紧随来自 DC 的 fd4a:e7ab:34a5::1 邻居请求之后。

奇怪的是,路由器发送原始路由通告,通常在域控制器不在网络上时发送。此版本的 RA 匹配/etc/radvd.conf(副本如下)。与 Wireshark 的快速会话确认了两个版本的路由器通告均来自运行 的 Linux 路由器的 MAC 地址radvd

到目前为止,这些似乎无害,因为我的 IPv6 连接尚未因额外 RA 的存在而中断。但由于我已经拥有全球 IPv6 连接,因此 ULA 似乎是不必要的,也是不受欢迎的。

我昨晚和今天花了很多时间在网上搜索,试图弄清楚到底发生了什么,但除了暗示它可能与 IP Helper 服务有关(并含糊地警告不要关闭它)。但据我所知,当原生 IPv6 可用时,禁用此服务应该是安全的。

我的问题是:

  • 为什么 Windows 会为 ULA 网络发送邻居请求?
  • 为什么发送这些 RA,似乎是为了回应?
  • 为什么他们除了宣传我的本地地址外,还宣传 ULA?
  • 这是否会导致以后的 IPv6 路由出现问题?
  • 我是否必须忍受这种情况,或者我怎样才能让 Windows 和 radvd 正常运行?

各项配置信息如下:

这是已发送的捕获的 RA(如图所示,在radvdump我看来,它比 wireshark 的输出更容易阅读)。您可以看到它同时通告了 ULA 和公共前缀(此处被遮挡)。当我关闭域控制器时,此版本的 RA 不再出现在网络上。

#
# radvd configuration generated by radvdump 1.9.1
# based on Router Advertisement from fe80::20c:29ff:fef4:66f1
# received by interface eth0
#

interface eth0
{
        AdvSendAdvert on;
        # Note: {Min,Max}RtrAdvInterval cannot be obtained with radvdump
        AdvManagedFlag off;
        AdvOtherConfigFlag on;
        AdvReachableTime 0;
        AdvRetransTimer 0;
        AdvCurHopLimit 0;
        AdvDefaultLifetime 1800;
        AdvHomeAgentFlag off;
        AdvDefaultPreference medium;
        AdvSourceLLAddress on;
        AdvLinkMTU 1500;

        prefix fd4a:e7ab:34a5::/64
        {
                AdvValidLifetime 86400;
                AdvPreferredLifetime 86400;
                AdvOnLink on;
                AdvAutonomous on;
                AdvRouterAddr off;
        }; # End of prefix definition


        prefix 2001:db8:16:bf::/64
        {
                AdvValidLifetime 86400;
                AdvPreferredLifetime 86400;
                AdvOnLink on;
                AdvAutonomous on;
                AdvRouterAddr off;
        }; # End of prefix definition


        RDNSS fd4a:e7ab:34a5::1
        {
                AdvRDNSSLifetime 86400;
        }; # End of RDNSS definition


        DNSSL businessname.com
        {
                AdvDNSSLLifetime 1800;
        }; # End of DNSSL definition

}; # End of interface definition

这是原始的路由器广告,它与路由器的广告相匹配/etc/radvd.conf,并且仍然被发送到网络上,与上面的广告交替:

#
# radvd configuration generated by radvdump 1.9.1
# based on Router Advertisement from fe80::20c:29ff:fef4:66f1
# received by interface eth0
#

interface eth0
{
        AdvSendAdvert on;
        # Note: {Min,Max}RtrAdvInterval cannot be obtained with radvdump
        AdvManagedFlag off;
        AdvOtherConfigFlag off;
        AdvReachableTime 0;
        AdvRetransTimer 0;
        AdvCurHopLimit 64;
        AdvDefaultLifetime 1800;
        AdvHomeAgentFlag off;
        AdvDefaultPreference medium;
        AdvSourceLLAddress on;

        prefix 2001:db8:16:bf::/64
        {
                AdvValidLifetime 86400;
                AdvPreferredLifetime 14400;
                AdvOnLink on;
                AdvAutonomous on;
                AdvRouterAddr off;
        }; # End of prefix definition


        RDNSS 2001:4860:4860::8888 2001:4860:4860::8844
        {
                AdvRDNSSLifetime 600;
        }; # End of RDNSS definition

}; # End of interface definition

域控制器上安装的角色/功能列表:

[dc1]: PS C:\Users\Administrator\Documents> Get-WindowsFeature | where {$_.InstallState -eq "Installed"}

Display Name                                            Name                       Install State
------------                                            ----                       -------------
[X] Active Directory Domain Services                    AD-Domain-Services             Installed
[X] DNS Server                                          DNS                            Installed
[X] File And Storage Services                           FileAndStorage-Services        Installed
    [X] File and iSCSI Services                         File-Services                  Installed
        [X] File Server                                 FS-FileServer                  Installed
    [X] Storage Services                                Storage-Services               Installed
[X] .NET Framework 4.5 Features                         NET-Framework-45-Fea...        Installed
    [X] .NET Framework 4.5                              NET-Framework-45-Core          Installed
    [X] WCF Services                                    NET-WCF-Services45             Installed
        [X] TCP Port Sharing                            NET-WCF-TCP-PortShar...        Installed
[X] Group Policy Management                             GPMC                           Installed
[X] Remote Server Administration Tools                  RSAT                           Installed
    [X] Role Administration Tools                       RSAT-Role-Tools                Installed
        [X] AD DS and AD LDS Tools                      RSAT-AD-Tools                  Installed
            [X] Active Directory module for Windows ... RSAT-AD-PowerShell             Installed
[X] Windows PowerShell                                  PowerShellRoot                 Installed
    [X] Windows PowerShell 3.0                          PowerShell                     Installed
[X] WoW64 Support                                       WoW64-Support                  Installed

以太网接口的 IPv6 配置,如聊天中所要求的:

[dc1]: PS C:\Users\Administrator\Documents> netsh interface ipv6 show interface interface=Ethernet

Interface Ethernet Parameters
----------------------------------------------
IfLuid                             : ethernet_7
IfIndex                            : 12
State                              : connected
Metric                             : 10
Link MTU                           : 1500 bytes
Reachable Time                     : 33500 ms
Base Reachable Time                : 30000 ms
Retransmission Interval            : 1000 ms
DAD Transmits                      : 1
Site Prefix Length                 : 64
Site Id                            : 1
Forwarding                         : disabled
Advertising                        : disabled
Neighbor Discovery                 : enabled
Neighbor Unreachability Detection  : enabled
Router Discovery                   : enabled
Managed Address Configuration      : disabled
Other Stateful Configuration       : enabled
Weak Host Sends                    : disabled
Weak Host Receives                 : disabled
Use Automatic Metric               : enabled
Ignore Default Routes              : disabled
Advertised Router Lifetime         : 1800 seconds
Advertise Default Route            : disabled
Current Hop Limit                  : 64
Force ARPND Wake up patterns       : disabled
Directed MAC Wake up patterns      : disabled
ECN capability                     : application

答案1

虽然我仍然不知道为什么会发生这种情况(并希望得到解释!)但现在似乎已经解决了。


我仔细检查了网络配置,懊恼地发现默认网关有一个拼写错误!

[dc1]: PS C:\Users\Administrator\Documents> Get-NetRoute -PolicyStore PersistentStore -AddressFamily IPv6

ifIndex DestinationPrefix                              NextHop                                  RouteMetric PolicyStore
------- -----------------                              -------                                  ----------- -----------
12      ::/0                                           2001:db8:116:bf::1                               256 Persiste...

嗯,哎呀!116:bf应该是16:bf

所以我修复了这个拼写错误,并且从以太网接口中删除了 ULA 地址,瞧,不再有多余的 RA,我的网络又恢复正常了。

[dc1]: PS C:\Users\Administrator\Documents> Remove-NetRoute -NextHop 2001:db8:116:bf::1

Confirm
Are you sure you want to perform this action?
Performing operation "Remove" on Target "NetRoute -DestinationPrefix ::/0 -InterfaceIndex 12 -NextHop 2001:db8:116:bf::1 -Store Active"
[Y] Yes  [A] Yes to All  [N] No  [L] No to All  [?] Help (default is "Y"): y

Confirm
Are you sure you want to perform this action?
Performing operation "Remove" on Target "NetRoute -DestinationPrefix ::/0 -InterfaceIndex 12 -NextHop 2001:db8:116:bf::1 -Store Persistent"
[Y] Yes  [A] Yes to All  [N] No  [L] No to All  [?] Help (default is "Y"): y
[dc1]: PS C:\Users\Administrator\Documents> New-NetRoute -NextHop 2001:db8:16:bf::1 -DestinationPrefix ::/0 -InterfaceIndex 12

ifIndex DestinationPrefix                              NextHop                                  RouteMetric PolicyStore
------- -----------------                              -------                                  ----------- -----------
12      ::/0                                           2001:db8:16:bf::1                                256 ActiveStore
12      ::/0                                           2001:db8:16:bf::1                                256 Persiste...
[dc1]: PS C:\Users\Administrator\Documents> Remove-NetIPAddress -AddressFamily IPv6 -IPAddress fd4a:e7ab:34a5:0:807e:e44a:7ffc:ea90 -PrefixLength 64

Confirm
Are you sure you want to perform this action?
Performing operation "Remove" on Target "NetIPAddress -IPv6Address fd4a:e7ab:34a5:0:807e:e44a:7ffc:ea90 -InterfaceIndex 12 -Store Active"
[Y] Yes  [A] Yes to All  [N] No  [L] No to All  [?] Help (default is "Y"): y

Wireshark 表示,在邻居请求、路由器广告或其他任何地方都没有发现 ULA 的迹象。

答案2

我无法完全解释为什么你的 DC 会发送路由广告,但你至少可以尝试针对相关接口禁用它们

netsh interface ipv6 set interface interface="Local Area Connection" advertise=disabled

根据 netsh 帮助,这应该是默认设置,但似乎没有多大意义,因为您的 DC 可能不打算用作路由器。

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