我尝试升级几个软件包，但 libc 升级失败。现在根本无法升级任何东西。以下是我所做的事情：
# apt-get dist-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
libc6 : Depends: libc-bin (= 2.13-37) but 2.13-38 is installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try using -f.
root@pagalbadaiktais:~# apt-get -f install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
libc6
Suggested packages:
glibc-doc
The following packages will be upgraded:
libc6
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 71 not upgraded.
Need to get 4339 kB of archives.
After this operation, 1024 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Y
Get:1 http://ftp.lt.debian.org/debian/ testing/main libc6 amd64 2.13-38 [4339 kB]
Fetched 4339 kB in 0s (30.5 MB/s)
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = (unset),
LC_ALL = (unset),
LC_CTYPE = "UTF-8",
LANG = "en_US.UTF-8"
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
Preconfiguring packages ...
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'libc6:amd64' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'gcc-4.7-base:amd64' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'liblzma5:amd64' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'libgcc1:amd64' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
(Reading database ... 26345 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to replace libc6:amd64 2.13-37 (using .../libc6_2.13-38_amd64.deb) ...
A copy of the C library was found in an unexpected directory:
'/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.13.so'
It is not safe to upgrade the C library in this situation;
please remove that copy of the C library or get it out of
'/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu' and try again.
dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/libc6_2.13-38_amd64.deb (--unpack):
subprocess new pre-installation script returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
/var/cache/apt/archives/libc6_2.13-38_amd64.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
我已经在 Google 上搜索过很多次这个问题了...那些试图解决这个问题的人，在重启机器后，最终重新安装了整个 disto - 这对我来说不是一个选择，因为这个项目负载很高，无法停机。
来自 irc help 的一些附加信息：
# dpkg -S /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.13.so
dpkg-query: warning: files list file for package 'libc6:amd64' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg-query: warning: files list file for package 'gcc-4.7-base:amd64' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg-query: warning: files list file for package 'liblzma5:amd64' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg-query: warning: files list file for package 'libgcc1:amd64' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg-query: no path found matching pattern /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.13.so
# ls -l /var/lib/dpkg/info/libc*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 87 Dec 30 17:36 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libc-bin.conffiles
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1790 Mar 8 22:06 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libc-bin.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2874 Dec 30 17:36 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libc-bin.md5sums
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 246 Dec 30 17:36 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libc-bin.postinst
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 40 Nov 19 01:07 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libc6.conffiles
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13341 Feb 1 15:45 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libc6.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 21675 Nov 19 01:07 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libc6.md5sums
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10114 Nov 19 01:07 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libc6.postinst
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1117 Nov 19 01:07 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libc6.postrm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 17327 Nov 19 01:07 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libc6.preinst
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2015 Nov 19 01:07 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libc6.prerm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 996 Nov 19 01:07 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libc6.shlibs
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 106948 Nov 19 01:07 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libc6.symbols
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 64982 Nov 19 01:07 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libc6.templates
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 267 Feb 1 15:47 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcap2:amd64.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 281 Aug 11 2012 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcap2:amd64.md5sums
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 135 Aug 11 2012 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcap2:amd64.postinst
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 132 Aug 11 2012 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcap2:amd64.postrm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 27 Aug 11 2012 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcap2:amd64.shlibs
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 338 Feb 1 15:47 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libck-connector0:amd64.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 322 Jul 30 2012 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libck-connector0:amd64.md5sums
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 135 Jul 30 2012 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libck-connector0:amd64.postinst
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 132 Jul 30 2012 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libck-connector0:amd64.postrm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 35 Jul 30 2012 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libck-connector0:amd64.shlibs
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 350 Jul 30 2012 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libck-connector0:amd64.symbols
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 395 Feb 1 15:46 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libclass-isa-perl.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 451 Nov 24 2011 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libclass-isa-perl.md5sums
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 247 Feb 1 15:47 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcomerr2:amd64.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 221 Jul 31 2012 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcomerr2:amd64.md5sums
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 253 Jul 31 2012 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcomerr2:amd64.postinst
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 247 Jul 31 2012 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcomerr2:amd64.postrm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jul 31 2012 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcomerr2:amd64.shlibs
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 574 Jul 31 2012 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcomerr2:amd64.symbols
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1553 Feb 1 15:46 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libconsole.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1556 Feb 18 2011 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libconsole.md5sums
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 135 Feb 18 2011 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libconsole.postinst
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 132 Feb 18 2011 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libconsole.postrm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 124 Feb 18 2011 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libconsole.shlibs
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3889 Feb 1 15:48 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcrack2.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3226 Dec 13 00:00 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcrack2.md5sums
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 135 Dec 13 00:00 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcrack2.postinst
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 132 Dec 13 00:00 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcrack2.postrm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 21 Dec 13 00:00 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcrack2.shlibs
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 703 Dec 13 00:00 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcrack2.symbols
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 432 Feb 1 15:47 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcroco3:amd64.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 558 Nov 26 15:53 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcroco3:amd64.md5sums
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 135 Nov 26 15:53 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcroco3:amd64.postinst
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 132 Nov 26 15:53 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcroco3:amd64.postrm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 25 Nov 26 15:53 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcroco3:amd64.shlibs
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15081 Nov 26 15:53 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcroco3:amd64.symbols
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 366 Feb 1 15:47 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcups2:amd64.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 438 Jan 11 11:57 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcups2:amd64.md5sums
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 135 Jan 11 11:55 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcups2:amd64.postinst
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 132 Jan 11 11:55 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcups2:amd64.postrm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19 Jan 11 11:55 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcups2:amd64.shlibs
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11545 Jan 11 11:55 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcups2:amd64.symbols
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 834 Feb 5 12:12 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcurl3-gnutls:amd64.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1056 May 25 2012 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcurl3-gnutls:amd64.md5sums
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 135 May 25 2012 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcurl3-gnutls:amd64.postinst
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 132 May 25 2012 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcurl3-gnutls:amd64.postrm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 33 May 25 2012 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcurl3-gnutls:amd64.shlibs
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2390 May 25 2012 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcurl3-gnutls:amd64.symbols
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4336 Feb 1 15:46 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcwidget3.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3462 Jun 17 2012 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcwidget3.md5sums
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 135 Jun 17 2012 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcwidget3.postinst
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 132 Jun 17 2012 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcwidget3.postrm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 25 Jun 17 2012 /var/lib/dpkg/info/libcwidget3.shlibs
# apt-cache policy libc6
libc6:
Installed: 2.13-37
Candidate: 2.13-38
Version table:
2.13-38 0
500 http://ftp.lt.debian.org/debian/ testing/main amd64 Packages
*** 2.13-37 0
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
综上所述，IRC 帮助显示这是多架构问题。最好坚持使用 64 位软件包。
答案1
好的，可能找到了解决方案。
首先，将/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
这些文件移动到/root：libc-2.13.so libdl-2.13.so libm-2.13.so libpthread-2.13.so librt-2.13.so
您的版本可能已经不同了。然后很多东西都会停止工作，您需要使用预定义的 LD_PRELOAD 启动 bash：
LD_PRELOAD=/root/libc-2.13.so:/root/libdl-2.13.so:/root/libm-2.13.so:/root/libpthread-2.13.so:/root/librt-2.13.so bash
之后 dist-upgrade 起作用了：
apt-get -f dist-upgrade
答案2
首先，你要告诉你要做的事。
A copy of the C library was found in an unexpected directory:
'/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.13.so'
It is not safe to upgrade the C library in this situation;
please remove that copy of the C library or get it out of
'/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu' and try again.
也许这样就能解决所有问题。但你还有足够多的事情要做，应该有维护期，重新安装系统。
答案3
你需要做2项工作：
1. apt-get -f dist-upgrade
2. dpkg -a --configure
当然，重复这些是必不可少的。
答案4
我会在不同位置（所有系统目录，使用 tar 或 rsync）复制安装，并尝试在 chrooted 环境中进行修复，直到它正常工作，然后在生产系统上执行相同的操作。
还可以使用 debbootstrap 和 chroot 重新安装系统，这样您将几乎没有停机时间。