我正在尝试创建一个 systemd 用户单元并让它在系统启动时启动。该服务确实手动启动，但不会在引导时启动。
通过搜索互联网，我了解到为了让用户单元在启动时启动，我应该需要运行loginctl enable-linger <username>，但这似乎根本没有效果。事实上，手册页说：
Enable/disable user lingering for one or more users. If enabled for a specific user, a user manager is spawned for the user at boot and kept around after logouts. This allows users who are not logged in to run long-running services.
尽管运行此命令，我的服务不会在启动时启动。
loginctl enable-linger error
那个单位：
$ cat ~/.config/systemd/user/thin\@.service
[Unit]
Description=A fast and very simple Ruby web server
[Service]
Type=simple
EnvironmentFile=/home/error/.config/thin/%i
ExecStart=/usr/bin/bash /home/error/.rvm/wrappers/%i/thin start -a $THIN_BIND -p $THIN_PORT
WorkingDirectory=/srv/www/%i
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
当我重新启动时，它没有运行：
$ systemctl --user status thin@redmine -l
● [email protected] - A fast and very simple Ruby web server
Loaded: loaded (/home/error/.config/systemd/user/[email protected]; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
# systemctl status user@1000 -l
● [email protected] - User Manager for UID 1000
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/[email protected]; static; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2015-12-23 19:43:27 GMT; 13s ago
Main PID: 613 (systemd)
Status: "Startup finished in 38ms."
CGroup: /user.slice/user-1000.slice/[email protected]
├─613 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --user
└─615 (sd-pam)
Dec 23 19:43:27 redmine systemd[613]: Reached target Sockets.
Dec 23 19:43:27 redmine systemd[613]: Starting Sockets.
Dec 23 19:43:27 redmine systemd[613]: Reached target Timers.
Dec 23 19:43:27 redmine systemd[613]: Starting Timers.
Dec 23 19:43:27 redmine systemd[613]: Reached target Basic System.
Dec 23 19:43:27 redmine systemd[613]: Starting Basic System.
Dec 23 19:43:27 redmine systemd[613]: Reached target Default.
Dec 23 19:43:27 redmine systemd[613]: Startup finished in 38ms.
Dec 23 19:43:27 redmine systemd[613]: Starting Default.
Dec 23 19:43:27 redmine systemd[1]: Started User Manager for UID 1000.
我可以手动启动它，它可以工作：
$ systemctl --user start thin@redmine
$ systemctl --user status thin@redmine -l
● [email protected] - A fast and very simple Ruby web server
Loaded: loaded (/home/error/.config/systemd/user/[email protected]; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2015-12-23 19:43:50 GMT; 5s ago
Main PID: 1265 (ruby)
CGroup: /user.slice/user-1000.slice/[email protected]/thin.slice/[email protected]
└─1265 ruby /home/error/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1@redmine/bin/thin start -a ::1 -p 8008
Dec 23 19:43:50 redmine systemd[613]: Started A fast and very simple Ruby web server.
Dec 23 19:43:50 redmine systemd[613]: Starting A fast and very simple Ruby web server...
Dec 23 19:43:52 redmine bash[1265]: /home/error/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1@redmine/gems/htmlentities-4.3.1/lib/htmlentities/mappings/expanded.rb:465: warning: duplicated key at line 466 ignored: "inodot"
# systemctl status user@1000 -l
● [email protected] - User Manager for UID 1000
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/[email protected]; static; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2015-12-23 19:43:27 GMT; 40s ago
Main PID: 613 (systemd)
Status: "Startup finished in 38ms."
CGroup: /user.slice/user-1000.slice/[email protected]
├─613 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --user
├─615 (sd-pam)
└─thin.slice
└─[email protected]
└─1265 ruby /home/error/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1@redmine/bin/thin start -a ::1 -p 8008
Dec 23 19:43:27 redmine systemd[613]: Startup finished in 38ms.
Dec 23 19:43:27 redmine systemd[613]: Starting Default.
Dec 23 19:43:27 redmine systemd[1]: Started User Manager for UID 1000.
Dec 23 19:43:50 redmine systemd[613]: Created slice -.slice.
Dec 23 19:43:50 redmine systemd[613]: Starting -.slice.
Dec 23 19:43:50 redmine systemd[613]: Created slice thin.slice.
Dec 23 19:43:50 redmine systemd[613]: Starting thin.slice.
Dec 23 19:43:50 redmine systemd[613]: Started A fast and very simple Ruby web server.
Dec 23 19:43:50 redmine systemd[613]: Starting A fast and very simple Ruby web server...
Dec 23 19:43:52 redmine bash[1265]: /home/error/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1@redmine/gems/htmlentities-4.3.1/lib/htmlentities/mappings/expanded.rb:465: warning: duplicated key at line 466 ignored: "inodot"
如何找出该服务未在启动时启动的原因并使其启动？
操作系统是Fedora 23 x86_64，systemd 222-10。
答案1
我想我会自己解决这个问题。
线索就在这里，在用户服务输出中：
Dec 23 19:43:27 redmine systemd[613]: Reached target Default.
我的设备要求加载multi-user.target，但用户 systemd 中没有这样的目标。
default.target我在单元文件中将其更改为，禁用并重新启用该服务，它现在在启动时启动。
[Install]
WantedBy=default.target
进而
$ systemctl --user disable thin@redmine
Removed symlink /home/error/.config/systemd/user/multi-user.target.wants/[email protected].
$ systemctl --user daemon-reload
$ systemctl --user enable thin@redmine
Created symlink from /home/error/.config/systemd/user/default.target.wants/[email protected] to /home/error/.config/systemd/user/[email protected].