所以我觉得我已经尝试了所有方法，从更改 alsamixer 和脉冲音频音量控制器中的设置，到编辑 alsa.conf 文件，到清除和重新安装 alsa 和 pulseaudio，到彻底格式化和重新安装。
当我安装 Ubuntu 11.04、11.10 以及 Mint 11 和 12 时发生了这种情况。
这是我的 lspci -v：
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor DRAM Controller (rev 02)
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. Device 1075
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: agpgart-intel
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor PCI Express x16 Root Port (rev 02) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0
Bus: primary=00, secondary=01, subordinate=01, sec-latency=0
I/O behind bridge: 0000d000-0000dfff
Memory behind bridge: c0000000-d30fffff
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
Kernel modules: shpchp
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Core Processor Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 02) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. Device 1075
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 47
Memory at d3400000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4M]
Memory at b0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
I/O ports at e0e0 [size=8]
Expansion ROM at <unassigned> [disabled]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: i915
Kernel modules: i915
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset HECI Controller (rev 06)
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. Device 1075
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 16
Memory at d7409000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: mei
Kernel modules: mei
00:1a.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset USB2 Enhanced Host Controller (rev 05) (prog-if 20 [EHCI])
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. Device 1075
Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 16
Memory at d7407000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: ehci_hcd
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset High Definition Audio (rev 05)
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. Device 1075
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 49
Memory at d7400000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: HDA Intel
Kernel modules: snd-hda-intel
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev 05) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0
Bus: primary=00, secondary=02, subordinate=02, sec-latency=0
I/O behind bridge: 0000c000-0000cfff
Memory behind bridge: d6000000-d73fffff
Prefetchable memory behind bridge: 00000000d7700000-00000000d78fffff
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
Kernel modules: shpchp
00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev 05) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0
Bus: primary=00, secondary=03, subordinate=03, sec-latency=0
I/O behind bridge: 0000b000-0000bfff
Memory behind bridge: d4c00000-d5ffffff
Prefetchable memory behind bridge: 00000000d7500000-00000000d76fffff
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
Kernel modules: shpchp
00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev 05) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0
Bus: primary=00, secondary=04, subordinate=04, sec-latency=0
I/O behind bridge: 0000a000-0000afff
Memory behind bridge: d3800000-d4bfffff
Prefetchable memory behind bridge: 00000000d3100000-00000000d32fffff
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
Kernel modules: shpchp
00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset USB2 Enhanced Host Controller (rev 05) (prog-if 20 [EHCI])
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. Device 1075
Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 23
Memory at d7406000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: ehci_hcd
00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge (rev a5) (prog-if 01 [Subtractive decode])
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0
Bus: primary=00, secondary=05, subordinate=05, sec-latency=128
Capabilities: <access denied>
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Mobile 5 Series Chipset LPC Interface Controller (rev 05)
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. Device 1075
Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel modules: iTCO_wdt
00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset 4 port SATA IDE Controller (rev 05) (prog-if 8f [Master SecP SecO PriP PriO])
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. Device 1075
Flags: bus master, 66MHz, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 19
I/O ports at e0d0 [size=8]
I/O ports at e0c0 [size=4]
I/O ports at e0b0 [size=8]
I/O ports at e0a0 [size=4]
I/O ports at e090 [size=16]
I/O ports at e080 [size=16]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: ata_piix
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset SMBus Controller (rev 05)
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. Device 1075
Flags: medium devsel, IRQ 11
Memory at d7405000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256]
I/O ports at e000 [size=32]
Kernel modules: i2c-i801
00:1f.5 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset 2 port SATA IDE Controller (rev 05) (prog-if 85 [Master SecO PriO])
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. Device 1075
Flags: bus master, 66MHz, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 19
I/O ports at e070 [size=8]
I/O ports at e060 [size=4]
I/O ports at e050 [size=8]
I/O ports at e040 [size=4]
I/O ports at e030 [size=16]
I/O ports at e020 [size=16]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: ata_piix
00:1f.6 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset Thermal Subsystem (rev 05)
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. Device 1075
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 18
Memory at d7404000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: intel ips
Kernel modules: intel_ips
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: nVidia Corporation GF108 [GeForce GT 425M] (rev a1) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. Device 1075
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 11
Memory at d2000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
Memory at c0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
Memory at d0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=32M]
I/O ports at d000 [disabled] [size=128]
Expansion ROM at d3000000 [disabled] [size=512K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel modules: nouveau, nvidiafb
02:00.0 USB Controller: NEC Corporation uPD720200 USB 3.0 Host Controller (rev 03) (prog-if 30 [XHCI])
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. Device 1075
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 16
Memory at d6000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=8K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: xhci_hcd
Kernel modules: xhci-hcd
03:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06)
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. Device 1075
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 46
I/O ports at b000 [size=256]
Memory at d4c04000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=4K]
Memory at d4c00000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=16K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: r8169
Kernel modules: r8169
04:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N 1000
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N 1000 BGN
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 48
Memory at d3800000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=8K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: iwlagn
Kernel modules: iwlagn
ff:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor QuickPath Architecture Generic Non-core Registers (rev 02)
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 8086
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0
ff:00.1 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor QuickPath Architecture System Address Decoder (rev 02)
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 8086
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0
ff:02.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor QPI Link 0 (rev 02)
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 8086
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0
ff:02.1 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor QPI Physical 0 (rev 02)
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 8086
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0
ff:02.2 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor Reserved (rev 02)
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 8086
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0
ff:02.3 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor Reserved (rev 02)
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 8086
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0
我的aplay -l：
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: Intel [HDA Intel], device 0: ALC892 Analog [ALC892 Analog]
Subdevices: 0/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: Intel [HDA Intel], device 1: ALC892 Digital [ALC892 Digital]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: Intel [HDA Intel], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
如果有人知道解决办法或者能帮助我找到问题，请回复！